system updater: complete overhaul

Move system update flow to GO, with a CLI (convenient AIO tool) and server integration. All lifecycle, scheduling, execution occurs on backend side. Run some backends via pkexec, some via terminal like paru/yay. Incorporate flatpak as an option to update. Add terminal override setting in GUI, in addition to $TERMINAL env variable. fixes #2307 fixes #822 fixes #1102 fixes #1812 fixes #1087 fixes #1743
2026-04-30 17:42:06 -04:00 · 2026-04-29 12:33:57 -04:00
parent a4cfdf4a59
commit 7bd9574868
43 changed files with 3556 additions and 710 deletions
--- a/core/internal/server/sysupdate/backend.go
+++ b/core/internal/server/sysupdate/backend.go
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+package sysupdate
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os/exec"
+	"sync"
+)
+
+type Backend interface {
+	ID() string
+	DisplayName() string
+	Repo() RepoKind
+	IsAvailable(ctx context.Context) bool
+	NeedsAuth() bool
+	RunsInTerminal() bool
+	CheckUpdates(ctx context.Context) ([]Package, error)
+	Upgrade(ctx context.Context, opts UpgradeOptions, onLine func(string)) error
+}
+
+type Selection struct {
+	System  Backend
+	Overlay []Backend
+}
+
+func (s Selection) All() []Backend {
+	if s.System == nil {
+		return s.Overlay
+	}
+	out := make([]Backend, 0, 1+len(s.Overlay))
+	out = append(out, s.System)
+	out = append(out, s.Overlay...)
+	return out
+}
+
+func (s Selection) Info() []BackendInfo {
+	all := s.All()
+	out := make([]BackendInfo, 0, len(all))
+	for _, b := range all {
+		out = append(out, BackendInfo{
+			ID:             b.ID(),
+			DisplayName:    b.DisplayName(),
+			Repo:           b.Repo(),
+			NeedsAuth:      b.NeedsAuth(),
+			RunsInTerminal: b.RunsInTerminal(),
+		})
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+var (
+	registryMu       sync.RWMutex
+	systemCandidates []func() Backend
+	overlayCandidate []func() Backend
+)
+
+func RegisterSystemBackend(factory func() Backend) {
+	registryMu.Lock()
+	defer registryMu.Unlock()
+	systemCandidates = append(systemCandidates, factory)
+}
+
+func RegisterOverlayBackend(factory func() Backend) {
+	registryMu.Lock()
+	defer registryMu.Unlock()
+	overlayCandidate = append(overlayCandidate, factory)
+}
+
+func Select(ctx context.Context) Selection {
+	registryMu.RLock()
+	sys := append([]func() Backend(nil), systemCandidates...)
+	ov := append([]func() Backend(nil), overlayCandidate...)
+	registryMu.RUnlock()
+
+	var sel Selection
+	for _, factory := range sys {
+		b := factory()
+		if !b.IsAvailable(ctx) {
+			continue
+		}
+		sel.System = b
+		break
+	}
+	for _, factory := range ov {
+		b := factory()
+		if !b.IsAvailable(ctx) {
+			continue
+		}
+		sel.Overlay = append(sel.Overlay, b)
+	}
+	return sel
+}
+
+func commandExists(name string) bool {
+	_, err := exec.LookPath(name)
+	return err == nil
+}
--- a/core/internal/server/sysupdate/backend_apt.go
+++ b/core/internal/server/sysupdate/backend_apt.go
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+package sysupdate
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os/exec"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	RegisterSystemBackend(func() Backend { return &aptBackend{} })
+}
+
+var aptUpgradableLine = regexp.MustCompile(`^([^/]+)/\S+\s+(\S+)\s+\S+\s+\[upgradable from:\s+([^\]]+)\]`)
+
+type aptBackend struct{}
+
+func (aptBackend) ID() string           { return "apt" }
+func (aptBackend) DisplayName() string  { return "APT" }
+func (aptBackend) Repo() RepoKind       { return RepoSystem }
+func (aptBackend) NeedsAuth() bool      { return true }
+func (aptBackend) RunsInTerminal() bool { return false }
+func (aptBackend) IsAvailable(_ context.Context) bool {
+	return commandExists("apt") || commandExists("apt-get")
+}
+
+func (aptBackend) CheckUpdates(ctx context.Context) ([]Package, error) {
+	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "apt", "list", "--upgradable")
+	cmd.Env = append(cmd.Environ(), "LC_ALL=C")
+	out, err := cmd.Output()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return parseAptUpgradable(string(out)), nil
+}
+
+func (aptBackend) Upgrade(ctx context.Context, opts UpgradeOptions, onLine func(string)) error {
+	bin := "apt-get"
+	if !commandExists(bin) {
+		bin = "apt"
+	}
+	if opts.DryRun {
+		return Run(ctx, []string{bin, "upgrade", "--dry-run"}, RunOptions{
+			Env:    []string{"DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive", "LC_ALL=C"},
+			OnLine: onLine,
+		})
+	}
+	argv := []string{"pkexec", "env", "DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive", "LC_ALL=C", bin, "upgrade", "-y"}
+	return Run(ctx, argv, RunOptions{OnLine: onLine})
+}
+
+func parseAptUpgradable(text string) []Package {
+	if text == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	var pkgs []Package
+	for line := range strings.SplitSeq(text, "\n") {
+		line = strings.TrimSpace(line)
+		if line == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		m := aptUpgradableLine.FindStringSubmatch(line)
+		if m == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		pkgs = append(pkgs, Package{
+			Name:        m[1],
+			Repo:        RepoSystem,
+			Backend:     "apt",
+			FromVersion: m[3],
+			ToVersion:   m[2],
+		})
+	}
+	return pkgs
+}
--- a/core/internal/server/sysupdate/backend_apt_test.go
+++ b/core/internal/server/sysupdate/backend_apt_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+package sysupdate
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestParseAptUpgradable(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name  string
+		input string
+		want  []Package
+	}{
+		{
+			name:  "empty",
+			input: "",
+			want:  nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "header line only",
+			input: `Listing... Done
+`,
+			want: nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "single upgradable",
+			input: `Listing... Done
+bash/stable 5.2.40-1 amd64 [upgradable from: 5.2.39-1]`,
+			want: []Package{
+				{Name: "bash", Repo: RepoSystem, Backend: "apt", FromVersion: "5.2.39-1", ToVersion: "5.2.40-1"},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "multiple architectures and suites",
+			input: `Listing... Done
+bash/stable 5.2.40-1 amd64 [upgradable from: 5.2.39-1]
+libfoo/stable-security 1.0.0-2 amd64 [upgradable from: 1.0.0-1]
+zsh/testing 5.9-6 arm64 [upgradable from: 5.9-5]`,
+			want: []Package{
+				{Name: "bash", Repo: RepoSystem, Backend: "apt", FromVersion: "5.2.39-1", ToVersion: "5.2.40-1"},
+				{Name: "libfoo", Repo: RepoSystem, Backend: "apt", FromVersion: "1.0.0-1", ToVersion: "1.0.0-2"},
+				{Name: "zsh", Repo: RepoSystem, Backend: "apt", FromVersion: "5.9-5", ToVersion: "5.9-6"},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "package name with hyphens, dots, plus signs",
+			input: `Listing... Done
+g++/stable 4:13.3.0-1 amd64 [upgradable from: 4:13.2.0-1]
+libsdl2-2.0-0/stable 2.30.0+dfsg-1 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.28.5+dfsg-1]`,
+			want: []Package{
+				{Name: "g++", Repo: RepoSystem, Backend: "apt", FromVersion: "4:13.2.0-1", ToVersion: "4:13.3.0-1"},
+				{Name: "libsdl2-2.0-0", Repo: RepoSystem, Backend: "apt", FromVersion: "2.28.5+dfsg-1", ToVersion: "2.30.0+dfsg-1"},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "non-matching lines ignored",
+			input: "WARNING: this is some warning\nbash/stable 5.2.40-1 amd64 [upgradable from: 5.2.39-1]",
+			want: []Package{
+				{Name: "bash", Repo: RepoSystem, Backend: "apt", FromVersion: "5.2.39-1", ToVersion: "5.2.40-1"},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := parseAptUpgradable(tt.input)
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tt.want) {
+				t.Errorf("parseAptUpgradable() = %#v\nwant %#v", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
--- a/core/internal/server/sysupdate/backend_dnf.go
+++ b/core/internal/server/sysupdate/backend_dnf.go
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+package sysupdate
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	RegisterSystemBackend(func() Backend { return &dnfBackend{bin: "dnf5"} })
+	RegisterSystemBackend(func() Backend { return &dnfBackend{bin: "dnf"} })
+}
+
+type dnfBackend struct {
+	bin string
+}
+
+func (b dnfBackend) ID() string           { return b.bin }
+func (b dnfBackend) DisplayName() string  { return strings.ToUpper(b.bin) }
+func (b dnfBackend) Repo() RepoKind       { return RepoSystem }
+func (b dnfBackend) NeedsAuth() bool      { return true }
+func (b dnfBackend) RunsInTerminal() bool { return false }
+
+func (b dnfBackend) IsAvailable(ctx context.Context) bool {
+	if !commandExists(b.bin) {
+		return false
+	}
+	if commandExists("rpm-ostree") && ostreeBooted(ctx) {
+		return false
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func (b dnfBackend) CheckUpdates(ctx context.Context) ([]Package, error) {
+	out, err := dnfListUpgrades(ctx, b.bin)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	installed := rpmInstalledVersions(ctx)
+	return parseDnfList(out, b.bin, installed), nil
+}
+
+func (b dnfBackend) Upgrade(ctx context.Context, opts UpgradeOptions, onLine func(string)) error {
+	if opts.DryRun {
+		return Run(ctx, []string{b.bin, "upgrade", "--assumeno"}, RunOptions{OnLine: onLine})
+	}
+	return Run(ctx, []string{"pkexec", b.bin, "upgrade", "-y"}, RunOptions{OnLine: onLine})
+}
+
+func dnfListUpgrades(ctx context.Context, bin string) (string, error) {
+	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, bin, "list", "--upgrades", "--quiet")
+	out, err := cmd.Output()
+	if err == nil {
+		return string(out), nil
+	}
+	if exitErr, ok := errors.AsType[*exec.ExitError](err); ok && exitErr.ExitCode() == 1 {
+		return "", nil
+	}
+	return "", err
+}
+
+func rpmInstalledVersions(ctx context.Context) map[string]string {
+	out, err := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "rpm", "-qa", "--qf", `%{NAME}\t%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE}\n`).Output()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	m := make(map[string]string)
+	for line := range strings.SplitSeq(string(out), "\n") {
+		name, ver, ok := strings.Cut(line, "\t")
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		m[name] = ver
+	}
+	return m
+}
+
+func parseDnfList(text, backendID string, installed map[string]string) []Package {
+	if text == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	var pkgs []Package
+	for line := range strings.SplitSeq(text, "\n") {
+		fields := strings.Fields(line)
+		if len(fields) < 2 {
+			continue
+		}
+		nameArch := fields[0]
+		version := fields[1]
+		switch nameArch {
+		case "Available", "Upgrades":
+			continue
+		}
+		name := nameArch
+		if dot := strings.LastIndex(nameArch, "."); dot > 0 {
+			name = nameArch[:dot]
+		}
+		pkgs = append(pkgs, Package{
+			Name:        nameArch,
+			Repo:        RepoSystem,
+			Backend:     backendID,
+			FromVersion: installed[name],
+			ToVersion:   version,
+		})
+	}
+	return pkgs
+}
--- a/core/internal/server/sysupdate/backend_dnf_test.go
+++ b/core/internal/server/sysupdate/backend_dnf_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+package sysupdate
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestParseDnfList(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name      string
+		input     string
+		backendID string
+		installed map[string]string
+		want      []Package
+	}{
+		{
+			name:  "empty",
+			input: "",
+			want:  nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "single package with installed cross-ref",
+			input:     "bash.x86_64                              5.2.40-1.fc41                       updates",
+			backendID: "dnf",
+			installed: map[string]string{"bash": "5.2.39-1.fc41"},
+			want: []Package{
+				{Name: "bash.x86_64", Repo: RepoSystem, Backend: "dnf", FromVersion: "5.2.39-1.fc41", ToVersion: "5.2.40-1.fc41"},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "noarch package and missing installed entry",
+			input: `bash.x86_64        5.2.40-1.fc41        updates
+fonts-misc.noarch  1.0.5-2.fc41         updates`,
+			backendID: "dnf",
+			installed: map[string]string{"bash": "5.2.39-1.fc41"},
+			want: []Package{
+				{Name: "bash.x86_64", Repo: RepoSystem, Backend: "dnf", FromVersion: "5.2.39-1.fc41", ToVersion: "5.2.40-1.fc41"},
+				{Name: "fonts-misc.noarch", Repo: RepoSystem, Backend: "dnf", FromVersion: "", ToVersion: "1.0.5-2.fc41"},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "skips header rows",
+			input: `Available
+Upgrades
+bash.x86_64       5.2.40-1.fc41       updates`,
+			backendID: "dnf",
+			installed: nil,
+			want: []Package{
+				{Name: "bash.x86_64", Repo: RepoSystem, Backend: "dnf", FromVersion: "", ToVersion: "5.2.40-1.fc41"},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "skips lines with too few fields",
+			input:     "incomplete",
+			backendID: "dnf",
+			want:      nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "package without arch suffix",
+			input:     "noarchpkg 1.2.3 updates",
+			backendID: "dnf",
+			installed: map[string]string{"noarchpkg": "1.2.0"},
+			want: []Package{
+				{Name: "noarchpkg", Repo: RepoSystem, Backend: "dnf", FromVersion: "1.2.0", ToVersion: "1.2.3"},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := parseDnfList(tt.input, tt.backendID, tt.installed)
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tt.want) {
+				t.Errorf("parseDnfList() = %#v\nwant %#v", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
--- a/core/internal/server/sysupdate/backend_flatpak.go
+++ b/core/internal/server/sysupdate/backend_flatpak.go
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+package sysupdate
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	RegisterOverlayBackend(func() Backend { return &flatpakBackend{} })
+}
+
+type flatpakBackend struct{}
+
+func (flatpakBackend) ID() string                         { return "flatpak" }
+func (flatpakBackend) DisplayName() string                { return "Flatpak" }
+func (flatpakBackend) Repo() RepoKind                     { return RepoFlatpak }
+func (flatpakBackend) NeedsAuth() bool                    { return false }
+func (flatpakBackend) RunsInTerminal() bool               { return false }
+func (flatpakBackend) IsAvailable(_ context.Context) bool { return commandExists("flatpak") }
+
+func (flatpakBackend) CheckUpdates(ctx context.Context) ([]Package, error) {
+	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "flatpak", "remote-ls", "--updates", "--columns=application,version,branch,commit,name")
+	out, err := cmd.Output()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	installed := flatpakInstalled(ctx)
+	return parseFlatpakUpdates(string(out), installed), nil
+}
+
+func flatpakInstalled(ctx context.Context) map[string]flatpakInstalledEntry {
+	out, err := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "flatpak", "list", "--columns=application,version,branch,active").Output()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	m := make(map[string]flatpakInstalledEntry)
+	for line := range strings.SplitSeq(string(out), "\n") {
+		if line == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		fields := strings.Split(line, "\t")
+		if len(fields) == 0 || fields[0] == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		appID := fields[0]
+		entry := flatpakInstalledEntry{}
+		if len(fields) > 1 {
+			entry.version = fields[1]
+		}
+		if len(fields) > 2 {
+			entry.branch = fields[2]
+		}
+		if len(fields) > 3 {
+			entry.commit = fields[3]
+		}
+		key := appID
+		if entry.branch != "" {
+			key = appID + "//" + entry.branch
+		}
+		m[key] = entry
+	}
+	return m
+}
+
+type flatpakInstalledEntry struct {
+	version string
+	branch  string
+	commit  string
+}
+
+func (flatpakBackend) Upgrade(ctx context.Context, opts UpgradeOptions, onLine func(string)) error {
+	argv := []string{"flatpak", "update", "-y", "--noninteractive"}
+	if opts.DryRun {
+		argv = []string{"flatpak", "update", "--no-deploy", "-y"}
+	}
+	return Run(ctx, argv, RunOptions{OnLine: onLine})
+}
+
+func parseFlatpakUpdates(text string, installed map[string]flatpakInstalledEntry) []Package {
+	if text == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	var pkgs []Package
+	for line := range strings.SplitSeq(text, "\n") {
+		if line == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		fields := strings.Split(line, "\t")
+		if len(fields) == 0 || fields[0] == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		appID := fields[0]
+		version, branch, commit := "", "", ""
+		if len(fields) > 1 {
+			version = fields[1]
+		}
+		if len(fields) > 2 {
+			branch = fields[2]
+		}
+		if len(fields) > 3 {
+			commit = fields[3]
+		}
+		display := appID
+		if len(fields) > 4 && fields[4] != "" {
+			display = fields[4]
+		}
+
+		key := appID
+		if branch != "" {
+			key = appID + "//" + branch
+		}
+		inst := installed[key]
+		from, to := flatpakVersionPair(inst.version, inst.commit, version, commit)
+
+		pkgs = append(pkgs, Package{
+			Name:        display,
+			Repo:        RepoFlatpak,
+			Backend:     "flatpak",
+			FromVersion: from,
+			ToVersion:   to,
+		})
+	}
+	return pkgs
+}
+
+func flatpakVersionPair(installedVer, installedCommit, remoteVer, remoteCommit string) (from, to string) {
+	if remoteVer != "" {
+		return installedVer, remoteVer
+	}
+	return shortCommit(installedCommit), shortCommit(remoteCommit)
+}
+
+func shortCommit(c string) string {
+	if len(c) > 8 {
+		return c[:8]
+	}
+	return c
+}
--- a/core/internal/server/sysupdate/backend_flatpak_test.go
+++ b/core/internal/server/sysupdate/backend_flatpak_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+package sysupdate
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestParseFlatpakUpdates(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name      string
+		input     string
+		installed map[string]flatpakInstalledEntry
+		want      []Package
+	}{
+		{
+			name:  "empty",
+			input: "",
+			want:  nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "real flathub-style row with empty version, falls back to commit",
+			// columns: application,version,branch,commit,name
+			input: "com.discordapp.Discord\t\tstable\t43a1e5d2d3a446919356fd86d9f984ad7c6a0e20f109250d9d868223f26ca586\tDiscord",
+			installed: map[string]flatpakInstalledEntry{
+				"com.discordapp.Discord//stable": {commit: "8b16fa1a9b2aa189302c2428c8a7bb33dd050faf7e535dd1d975044cb0986855"},
+			},
+			want: []Package{
+				{
+					Name:        "Discord",
+					Repo:        RepoFlatpak,
+					Backend:     "flatpak",
+					FromVersion: "8b16fa1a",
+					ToVersion:   "43a1e5d2",
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "remote provides version, installed version known",
+			input: "com.example.App\t1.5.0\tstable\tdeadbeefcafe\tExample App",
+			installed: map[string]flatpakInstalledEntry{
+				"com.example.App//stable": {version: "1.4.2"},
+			},
+			want: []Package{
+				{
+					Name:        "Example App",
+					Repo:        RepoFlatpak,
+					Backend:     "flatpak",
+					FromVersion: "1.4.2",
+					ToVersion:   "1.5.0",
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "no installed entry, remote has no version, falls back to commit on both sides",
+			input:     "org.gnome.Platform\t\t49\tbadcd4afb1fe\tgnome platform",
+			installed: nil,
+			want: []Package{
+				{
+					Name:        "gnome platform",
+					Repo:        RepoFlatpak,
+					Backend:     "flatpak",
+					FromVersion: "",
+					ToVersion:   "badcd4af",
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "missing display name falls back to application id",
+			input: "com.example.NoName\t2.0\tstable\tabcdef123456\t",
+			want: []Package{
+				{
+					Name:        "com.example.NoName",
+					Repo:        RepoFlatpak,
+					Backend:     "flatpak",
+					FromVersion: "",
+					ToVersion:   "2.0",
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "skips blank lines and rows with empty application id",
+			input: "\n\t\t\t\t\norg.real.App\t1.0\tstable\tdeadbeef\tReal App",
+			want: []Package{
+				{
+					Name:        "Real App",
+					Repo:        RepoFlatpak,
+					Backend:     "flatpak",
+					FromVersion: "",
+					ToVersion:   "1.0",
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := parseFlatpakUpdates(tt.input, tt.installed)
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tt.want) {
+				t.Errorf("parseFlatpakUpdates() = %#v\nwant %#v", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFlatpakVersionPair(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name                                                   string
+		installedVer, installedCommit, remoteVer, remoteCommit string
+		wantFrom, wantTo                                       string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:         "remote has version - prefer versions",
+			installedVer: "1.0.0", remoteVer: "1.1.0",
+			wantFrom: "1.0.0", wantTo: "1.1.0",
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "remote has no version - both sides fall to short commit",
+			installedCommit: "8b16fa1a9b2aa189302c2428c8a7bb33dd050faf7e535dd1d975044cb0986855",
+			remoteCommit:    "43a1e5d2d3a446919356fd86d9f984ad7c6a0e20f109250d9d868223f26ca586",
+			wantFrom:        "8b16fa1a", wantTo: "43a1e5d2",
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "short commits left as-is",
+			installedCommit: "abc123", remoteCommit: "def456",
+			wantFrom: "abc123", wantTo: "def456",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			from, to := flatpakVersionPair(tt.installedVer, tt.installedCommit, tt.remoteVer, tt.remoteCommit)
+			if from != tt.wantFrom || to != tt.wantTo {
+				t.Errorf("flatpakVersionPair() = (%q, %q), want (%q, %q)", from, to, tt.wantFrom, tt.wantTo)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
--- a/core/internal/server/sysupdate/backend_pacman.go
+++ b/core/internal/server/sysupdate/backend_pacman.go
@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+package sysupdate
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/AvengeMedia/DankMaterialShell/core/internal/log"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	RegisterSystemBackend(func() Backend { return &archHelperBackend{id: "paru"} })
+	RegisterSystemBackend(func() Backend { return &archHelperBackend{id: "yay"} })
+	RegisterSystemBackend(func() Backend { return &pacmanBackend{} })
+}
+
+var archUpdateLine = regexp.MustCompile(`^(\S+)\s+(\S+)\s+->\s+(\S+)`)
+
+type pacmanBackend struct{}
+
+func (pacmanBackend) ID() string                         { return "pacman" }
+func (pacmanBackend) DisplayName() string                { return "Pacman" }
+func (pacmanBackend) Repo() RepoKind                     { return RepoSystem }
+func (pacmanBackend) NeedsAuth() bool                    { return true }
+func (pacmanBackend) RunsInTerminal() bool               { return false }
+func (pacmanBackend) IsAvailable(_ context.Context) bool { return commandExists("pacman") }
+
+func (b pacmanBackend) CheckUpdates(ctx context.Context) ([]Package, error) {
+	out, err := pacmanRepoUpdates(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return parseArchUpdates(out, b.ID(), RepoSystem), nil
+}
+
+func (b pacmanBackend) Upgrade(ctx context.Context, opts UpgradeOptions, onLine func(string)) error {
+	if opts.DryRun {
+		return Run(ctx, []string{"pacman", "-Sup"}, RunOptions{OnLine: onLine})
+	}
+	return Run(ctx, []string{"pkexec", "pacman", "-Syu", "--noconfirm"}, RunOptions{OnLine: onLine})
+}
+
+type archHelperBackend struct {
+	id string
+}
+
+func (b archHelperBackend) ID() string                         { return b.id }
+func (b archHelperBackend) Repo() RepoKind                     { return RepoSystem }
+func (b archHelperBackend) NeedsAuth() bool                    { return true }
+func (b archHelperBackend) RunsInTerminal() bool               { return true }
+func (b archHelperBackend) IsAvailable(_ context.Context) bool { return commandExists(b.id) }
+
+func (b archHelperBackend) DisplayName() string {
+	switch b.id {
+	case "paru":
+		return "Paru (AUR)"
+	case "yay":
+		return "Yay (AUR)"
+	default:
+		return b.id
+	}
+}
+
+func (b archHelperBackend) CheckUpdates(ctx context.Context) ([]Package, error) {
+	repoOut, err := pacmanRepoUpdates(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	pkgs := parseArchUpdates(repoOut, b.id, RepoSystem)
+
+	aurOut, err := capturePermissive(ctx, b.id, "-Qua")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	pkgs = append(pkgs, parseArchUpdates(aurOut, b.id, RepoAUR)...)
+	return pkgs, nil
+}
+
+func (b archHelperBackend) Upgrade(ctx context.Context, opts UpgradeOptions, onLine func(string)) error {
+	if opts.DryRun {
+		return Run(ctx, []string{b.id, "-Sup"}, RunOptions{OnLine: onLine})
+	}
+	term := findTerminal(opts.Terminal)
+	if term == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("no terminal found (pick one in DMS settings, set $TERMINAL, or install kitty/ghostty/foot/alacritty)")
+	}
+	cmd := fmt.Sprintf("%s -Syu", b.id)
+	if !opts.IncludeAUR {
+		cmd += " --repo"
+	}
+	title := fmt.Sprintf("DMS — System Update (%s)", b.id)
+	return Run(ctx, wrapInTerminal(term, title, cmd), RunOptions{OnLine: onLine})
+}
+
+func pacmanRepoUpdates(ctx context.Context) (string, error) {
+	if commandExists("checkupdates") {
+		return capturePermissive(ctx, "checkupdates")
+	}
+	if commandExists("fakeroot") {
+		out, err := pacmanCheckViaFakeroot(ctx)
+		if err == nil {
+			return out, nil
+		}
+		log.Warnf("[sysupdate] fakeroot db refresh failed, falling back to stale pacman -Qu: %v", err)
+	}
+	return capturePermissive(ctx, "pacman", "-Qu")
+}
+
+func pacmanCheckViaFakeroot(ctx context.Context) (string, error) {
+	dir, err := pacmanPrivateDB()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	if err := seedPacmanDB(dir); err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("seed sync db: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	refresh := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "fakeroot", "--", "pacman", "-Sy", "--dbpath", dir, "--logfile", "/dev/null", "--disable-sandbox")
+	if out, err := refresh.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("fakeroot pacman -Sy: %w (%s)", err, strings.TrimSpace(string(out)))
+	}
+
+	return capturePermissive(ctx, "pacman", "-Qu", "--dbpath", dir)
+}
+
+func seedPacmanDB(dir string) error {
+	syncDir := filepath.Join(dir, "sync")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(syncDir, 0o755); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	dbs, err := filepath.Glob("/var/lib/pacman/sync/*.db")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	for _, src := range dbs {
+		if err := copyFile(src, filepath.Join(syncDir, filepath.Base(src))); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	localLink := filepath.Join(dir, "local")
+	if fi, err := os.Lstat(localLink); err == nil {
+		if fi.Mode()&os.ModeSymlink == 0 {
+			if err := os.RemoveAll(localLink); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		} else {
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+	return os.Symlink("/var/lib/pacman/local", localLink)
+}
+
+func copyFile(src, dst string) error {
+	in, err := os.Open(src)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer in.Close()
+	out, err := os.OpenFile(dst, os.O_WRONLY|os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC, 0o644)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer out.Close()
+	if _, err := io.Copy(out, in); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return out.Sync()
+}
+
+func pacmanPrivateDB() (string, error) {
+	tmp := os.Getenv("TMPDIR")
+	if tmp == "" {
+		tmp = "/tmp"
+	}
+	dir := filepath.Join(tmp, fmt.Sprintf("dms-checkup-db-%d", os.Getuid()))
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0o755); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return dir, nil
+}
+
+func capturePermissive(ctx context.Context, argv ...string) (string, error) {
+	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, argv[0], argv[1:]...)
+	out, err := cmd.Output()
+	if err == nil {
+		return string(out), nil
+	}
+	if exitErr, ok := errors.AsType[*exec.ExitError](err); ok {
+		switch exitErr.ExitCode() {
+		case 1, 2:
+			return string(out), nil
+		}
+	}
+	return "", err
+}
+
+func parseArchUpdates(text, backendID string, repo RepoKind) []Package {
+	if text == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	var pkgs []Package
+	for line := range strings.SplitSeq(text, "\n") {
+		line = strings.TrimSpace(line)
+		if line == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		m := archUpdateLine.FindStringSubmatch(line)
+		if m == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		p := Package{
+			Name:        m[1],
+			Repo:        repo,
+			Backend:     backendID,
+			FromVersion: m[2],
+			ToVersion:   m[3],
+		}
+		if repo == RepoAUR {
+			p.ChangelogURL = "https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/" + p.Name
+		}
+		pkgs = append(pkgs, p)
+	}
+	return pkgs
+}
--- a/core/internal/server/sysupdate/backend_pacman_test.go
+++ b/core/internal/server/sysupdate/backend_pacman_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+package sysupdate
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestParseArchUpdates(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name      string
+		input     string
+		backendID string
+		repo      RepoKind
+		want      []Package
+	}{
+		{
+			name:      "empty",
+			input:     "",
+			backendID: "paru",
+			repo:      RepoSystem,
+			want:      nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "whitespace only",
+			input:     "   \n\n  \n",
+			backendID: "paru",
+			repo:      RepoSystem,
+			want:      nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "single repo update",
+			input:     "bat 0.26.0-1 -> 0.26.1-2",
+			backendID: "paru",
+			repo:      RepoSystem,
+			want: []Package{
+				{Name: "bat", Repo: RepoSystem, Backend: "paru", FromVersion: "0.26.0-1", ToVersion: "0.26.1-2"},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "multiple updates with epoch versions",
+			input: `cups 2:2.4.18-1 -> 2:2.4.19-1
+linux 6.18.0-1 -> 6.18.1-1
+mesa 26.4.0-1 -> 26.4.1-1`,
+			backendID: "paru",
+			repo:      RepoSystem,
+			want: []Package{
+				{Name: "cups", Repo: RepoSystem, Backend: "paru", FromVersion: "2:2.4.18-1", ToVersion: "2:2.4.19-1"},
+				{Name: "linux", Repo: RepoSystem, Backend: "paru", FromVersion: "6.18.0-1", ToVersion: "6.18.1-1"},
+				{Name: "mesa", Repo: RepoSystem, Backend: "paru", FromVersion: "26.4.0-1", ToVersion: "26.4.1-1"},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "AUR update with changelog url",
+			input:     "google-chrome 147.0.7727.116-1 -> 147.0.7727.137-1",
+			backendID: "paru",
+			repo:      RepoAUR,
+			want: []Package{
+				{
+					Name:         "google-chrome",
+					Repo:         RepoAUR,
+					Backend:      "paru",
+					FromVersion:  "147.0.7727.116-1",
+					ToVersion:    "147.0.7727.137-1",
+					ChangelogURL: "https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/google-chrome",
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "git package latest-commit marker",
+			input:     "niri-git 26.04.r5.ga85b922-1 -> latest-commit",
+			backendID: "yay",
+			repo:      RepoAUR,
+			want: []Package{
+				{
+					Name:         "niri-git",
+					Repo:         RepoAUR,
+					Backend:      "yay",
+					FromVersion:  "26.04.r5.ga85b922-1",
+					ToVersion:    "latest-commit",
+					ChangelogURL: "https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/niri-git",
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "skips lines that don't match arrow format",
+			input: `bat 0.26.0-1 -> 0.26.1-2
+this is not an update line
+foo`,
+			backendID: "pacman",
+			repo:      RepoSystem,
+			want: []Package{
+				{Name: "bat", Repo: RepoSystem, Backend: "pacman", FromVersion: "0.26.0-1", ToVersion: "0.26.1-2"},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "extra whitespace tolerated",
+			input:     "  bat   0.26.0-1   ->   0.26.1-2  ",
+			backendID: "paru",
+			repo:      RepoSystem,
+			want: []Package{
+				{Name: "bat", Repo: RepoSystem, Backend: "paru", FromVersion: "0.26.0-1", ToVersion: "0.26.1-2"},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := parseArchUpdates(tt.input, tt.backendID, tt.repo)
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tt.want) {
+				t.Errorf("parseArchUpdates() = %#v\nwant %#v", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
--- a/core/internal/server/sysupdate/backend_rpmostree.go
+++ b/core/internal/server/sysupdate/backend_rpmostree.go
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+package sysupdate
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"os/exec"
+)
+
+const ostreeExitUpdateAvailable = 77
+
+func init() {
+	RegisterSystemBackend(func() Backend { return &rpmOstreeBackend{} })
+}
+
+type rpmOstreeBackend struct{}
+
+func (rpmOstreeBackend) ID() string           { return "rpm-ostree" }
+func (rpmOstreeBackend) DisplayName() string  { return "rpm-ostree" }
+func (rpmOstreeBackend) Repo() RepoKind       { return RepoOSTree }
+func (rpmOstreeBackend) NeedsAuth() bool      { return true }
+func (rpmOstreeBackend) RunsInTerminal() bool { return false }
+
+func (b rpmOstreeBackend) IsAvailable(ctx context.Context) bool {
+	if !commandExists("rpm-ostree") {
+		return false
+	}
+	return ostreeBooted(ctx)
+}
+
+type ostreeStatus struct {
+	Deployments  []ostreeDeployment `json:"deployments"`
+	CachedUpdate *ostreeCached      `json:"cached-update"`
+}
+
+type ostreeDeployment struct {
+	Origin    string `json:"origin"`
+	Version   string `json:"version"`
+	Timestamp int64  `json:"timestamp"`
+	Booted    bool   `json:"booted"`
+}
+
+type ostreeCached struct {
+	Origin    string `json:"origin"`
+	Version   string `json:"version"`
+	Timestamp int64  `json:"timestamp"`
+	Checksum  string `json:"checksum"`
+}
+
+func ostreeBooted(ctx context.Context) bool {
+	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "rpm-ostree", "status", "--json")
+	out, err := cmd.Output()
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	var s ostreeStatus
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(out, &s); err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return len(s.Deployments) > 0
+}
+
+func (rpmOstreeBackend) CheckUpdates(ctx context.Context) ([]Package, error) {
+	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "rpm-ostree", "upgrade", "--check")
+	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
+		exitErr, ok := errors.AsType[*exec.ExitError](err)
+		if !ok || exitErr.ExitCode() != ostreeExitUpdateAvailable {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	statusOut, err := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "rpm-ostree", "status", "--json").Output()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return parseRpmOstreeStatus(statusOut)
+}
+
+func parseRpmOstreeStatus(statusOut []byte) ([]Package, error) {
+	var s ostreeStatus
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(statusOut, &s); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if s.CachedUpdate == nil {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	booted := bootedDeployment(s.Deployments)
+	from := ""
+	if booted != nil {
+		from = booted.Version
+	}
+	if from == s.CachedUpdate.Version {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	name := s.CachedUpdate.Origin
+	if name == "" {
+		name = "system"
+	}
+	return []Package{{
+		Name:        name,
+		Repo:        RepoOSTree,
+		Backend:     "rpm-ostree",
+		FromVersion: from,
+		ToVersion:   s.CachedUpdate.Version,
+	}}, nil
+}
+
+func bootedDeployment(deps []ostreeDeployment) *ostreeDeployment {
+	for i := range deps {
+		if deps[i].Booted {
+			return &deps[i]
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (rpmOstreeBackend) Upgrade(ctx context.Context, opts UpgradeOptions, onLine func(string)) error {
+	argv := []string{"rpm-ostree", "upgrade"}
+	if opts.DryRun {
+		argv = append(argv, "--check")
+	}
+	return Run(ctx, argv, RunOptions{OnLine: onLine})
+}
--- a/core/internal/server/sysupdate/backend_rpmostree_test.go
+++ b/core/internal/server/sysupdate/backend_rpmostree_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+package sysupdate
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestParseRpmOstreeStatus(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		input   string
+		want    []Package
+		wantErr bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:  "no cached update",
+			input: `{"deployments":[{"version":"39.20240101.0","booted":true}],"cached-update":null}`,
+			want:  nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "cached update available, booted version differs",
+			input: `{
+				"deployments": [
+					{"origin": "fedora:fedora/x86_64/silverblue", "version": "39.20240101.0", "booted": true},
+					{"origin": "fedora:fedora/x86_64/silverblue", "version": "39.20231215.0", "booted": false}
+				],
+				"cached-update": {
+					"origin": "fedora:fedora/x86_64/silverblue",
+					"version": "39.20240115.0",
+					"checksum": "abc123"
+				}
+			}`,
+			want: []Package{
+				{
+					Name:        "fedora:fedora/x86_64/silverblue",
+					Repo:        RepoOSTree,
+					Backend:     "rpm-ostree",
+					FromVersion: "39.20240101.0",
+					ToVersion:   "39.20240115.0",
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "cached update equals booted version (no real update)",
+			input: `{
+				"deployments": [{"version": "39.20240101.0", "booted": true}],
+				"cached-update": {"origin": "x", "version": "39.20240101.0"}
+			}`,
+			want: nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "no booted deployment falls back to empty from",
+			input: `{
+				"deployments": [{"version": "39.20240101.0", "booted": false}],
+				"cached-update": {"origin": "fedora:silverblue", "version": "39.20240115.0"}
+			}`,
+			want: []Package{
+				{
+					Name:        "fedora:silverblue",
+					Repo:        RepoOSTree,
+					Backend:     "rpm-ostree",
+					FromVersion: "",
+					ToVersion:   "39.20240115.0",
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "missing origin defaults to system",
+			input: `{
+				"deployments": [{"version": "1.0", "booted": true}],
+				"cached-update": {"version": "1.1"}
+			}`,
+			want: []Package{
+				{
+					Name:        "system",
+					Repo:        RepoOSTree,
+					Backend:     "rpm-ostree",
+					FromVersion: "1.0",
+					ToVersion:   "1.1",
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "malformed JSON",
+			input:   `{not json`,
+			wantErr: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got, err := parseRpmOstreeStatus([]byte(tt.input))
+			if (err != nil) != tt.wantErr {
+				t.Fatalf("parseRpmOstreeStatus() err = %v, wantErr %v", err, tt.wantErr)
+			}
+			if tt.wantErr {
+				return
+			}
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tt.want) {
+				t.Errorf("parseRpmOstreeStatus() = %#v\nwant %#v", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
--- a/core/internal/server/sysupdate/backend_zypper.go
+++ b/core/internal/server/sysupdate/backend_zypper.go
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+package sysupdate
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/xml"
+	"errors"
+	"os/exec"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	RegisterSystemBackend(func() Backend { return &zypperBackend{} })
+}
+
+type zypperBackend struct{}
+
+func (zypperBackend) ID() string                         { return "zypper" }
+func (zypperBackend) DisplayName() string                { return "Zypper" }
+func (zypperBackend) Repo() RepoKind                     { return RepoSystem }
+func (zypperBackend) NeedsAuth() bool                    { return true }
+func (zypperBackend) RunsInTerminal() bool               { return false }
+func (zypperBackend) IsAvailable(_ context.Context) bool { return commandExists("zypper") }
+
+type zypperUpdateList struct {
+	XMLName xml.Name       `xml:"stream"`
+	Updates []zypperUpdate `xml:"update-list>update"`
+}
+
+type zypperUpdate struct {
+	Name       string `xml:"name,attr"`
+	Edition    string `xml:"edition,attr"`
+	EditionOld string `xml:"edition-old,attr"`
+	Kind       string `xml:"kind,attr"`
+}
+
+func (zypperBackend) CheckUpdates(ctx context.Context) ([]Package, error) {
+	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "zypper", "--non-interactive", "--xmlout", "list-updates")
+	out, err := cmd.Output()
+	if err != nil {
+		if exitErr, ok := errors.AsType[*exec.ExitError](err); ok {
+			switch exitErr.ExitCode() {
+			case 100, 101, 102, 103:
+				err = nil
+			}
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	return parseZypperXML(out)
+}
+
+func parseZypperXML(out []byte) ([]Package, error) {
+	var list zypperUpdateList
+	if err := xml.Unmarshal(out, &list); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	pkgs := make([]Package, 0, len(list.Updates))
+	for _, u := range list.Updates {
+		if u.Kind != "" && u.Kind != "package" {
+			continue
+		}
+		pkgs = append(pkgs, Package{
+			Name:        u.Name,
+			Repo:        RepoSystem,
+			Backend:     "zypper",
+			FromVersion: u.EditionOld,
+			ToVersion:   u.Edition,
+		})
+	}
+	return pkgs, nil
+}
+
+func (zypperBackend) Upgrade(ctx context.Context, opts UpgradeOptions, onLine func(string)) error {
+	if opts.DryRun {
+		return Run(ctx, []string{"zypper", "--non-interactive", "--dry-run", "update"}, RunOptions{OnLine: onLine})
+	}
+	return Run(ctx, []string{"pkexec", "zypper", "--non-interactive", "update"}, RunOptions{OnLine: onLine})
+}
--- a/core/internal/server/sysupdate/backend_zypper_test.go
+++ b/core/internal/server/sysupdate/backend_zypper_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+package sysupdate
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestParseZypperXML(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		input   string
+		want    []Package
+		wantErr bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:  "empty stream",
+			input: `<?xml version="1.0"?><stream><update-list></update-list></stream>`,
+			want:  []Package{},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "single package update",
+			input: `<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<stream>
+  <update-list>
+    <update name="zsh" edition="5.9-6" edition-old="5.9-5" kind="package" arch="x86_64">
+      <source url="https://download.opensuse.org/" alias="repo-oss"/>
+    </update>
+  </update-list>
+</stream>`,
+			want: []Package{
+				{Name: "zsh", Repo: RepoSystem, Backend: "zypper", FromVersion: "5.9-5", ToVersion: "5.9-6"},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "skips non-package kinds",
+			input: `<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<stream>
+  <update-list>
+    <update name="foo" edition="2.0" edition-old="1.0" kind="package"/>
+    <update name="security-patch" edition="1" edition-old="0" kind="patch"/>
+    <update name="bar" edition="3.0" edition-old="2.0" kind="package"/>
+  </update-list>
+</stream>`,
+			want: []Package{
+				{Name: "foo", Repo: RepoSystem, Backend: "zypper", FromVersion: "1.0", ToVersion: "2.0"},
+				{Name: "bar", Repo: RepoSystem, Backend: "zypper", FromVersion: "2.0", ToVersion: "3.0"},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "treats missing kind as package",
+			input: `<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<stream><update-list>
+  <update name="kernel" edition="6.18.1-1" edition-old="6.18.0-1"/>
+</update-list></stream>`,
+			want: []Package{
+				{Name: "kernel", Repo: RepoSystem, Backend: "zypper", FromVersion: "6.18.0-1", ToVersion: "6.18.1-1"},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "malformed XML returns error",
+			input:   `not xml at all`,
+			wantErr: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got, err := parseZypperXML([]byte(tt.input))
+			if (err != nil) != tt.wantErr {
+				t.Fatalf("parseZypperXML() err = %v, wantErr %v", err, tt.wantErr)
+			}
+			if tt.wantErr {
+				return
+			}
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tt.want) {
+				t.Errorf("parseZypperXML() = %#v\nwant %#v", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
--- a/core/internal/server/sysupdate/executor.go
+++ b/core/internal/server/sysupdate/executor.go
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+package sysupdate
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"sync"
+)
+
+type RunOptions struct {
+	Env    []string
+	OnLine func(string)
+}
+
+func Run(ctx context.Context, argv []string, opts RunOptions) error {
+	if len(argv) == 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("sysupdate.Run: empty argv")
+	}
+
+	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, argv[0], argv[1:]...)
+	if len(opts.Env) > 0 {
+		cmd.Env = append(cmd.Environ(), opts.Env...)
+	}
+
+	stdout, err := cmd.StdoutPipe()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	stderr, err := cmd.StderrPipe()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(2)
+	go pump(stdout, opts.OnLine, &wg)
+	go pump(stderr, opts.OnLine, &wg)
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	return cmd.Wait()
+}
+
+func pump(r io.Reader, onLine func(string), wg *sync.WaitGroup) {
+	defer wg.Done()
+	if onLine == nil {
+		_, _ = io.Copy(io.Discard, r)
+		return
+	}
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(r)
+	scanner.Buffer(make([]byte, 64*1024), 1024*1024)
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		onLine(scanner.Text())
+	}
+}
+
+func Capture(ctx context.Context, argv []string) (string, error) {
+	if len(argv) == 0 {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("sysupdate.Capture: empty argv")
+	}
+	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, argv[0], argv[1:]...)
+	out, err := cmd.Output()
+	return string(out), err
+}
+
+func findTerminal(override string) string {
+	if override != "" && commandExists(override) {
+		return override
+	}
+	if t := os.Getenv("TERMINAL"); t != "" && commandExists(t) {
+		return t
+	}
+	for _, t := range []string{"ghostty", "kitty", "foot", "alacritty", "wezterm", "konsole", "gnome-terminal", "xterm"} {
+		if commandExists(t) {
+			return t
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func wrapInTerminal(term, title, shellCmd string) []string {
+	const appID = "dms-sysupdate"
+	banner := fmt.Sprintf(
+		`printf '\033[1;36m=== %s ===\033[0m\n'; printf '\033[2m$ %s\033[0m\n'; printf '\033[33mYou may be prompted for your sudo password to apply system updates.\033[0m\n\n'`,
+		title, shellCmd,
+	)
+	closer := `printf '\n\033[1;32m=== Done. Press Enter to close. ===\033[0m\n'; read`
+	export := `export SUDO_PROMPT="[DMS] sudo password for %u: "; `
+	full := export + banner + "; " + shellCmd + "; " + closer
+
+	switch term {
+	case "kitty":
+		return []string{term, "--class", appID, "-T", title, "-e", "sh", "-c", full}
+	case "alacritty":
+		return []string{term, "--class", appID, "-T", title, "-e", "sh", "-c", full}
+	case "foot":
+		return []string{term, "--app-id=" + appID, "--title=" + title, "-e", "sh", "-c", full}
+	case "ghostty":
+		return []string{term, "--class=" + appID, "--title=" + title, "-e", "sh", "-c", full}
+	case "wezterm":
+		return []string{term, "--class", appID, "-T", title, "-e", "sh", "-c", full}
+	case "xterm":
+		return []string{term, "-class", appID, "-T", title, "-e", "sh", "-c", full}
+	case "konsole":
+		return []string{term, "-p", "tabtitle=" + title, "-e", "sh", "-c", full}
+	case "gnome-terminal":
+		return []string{term, "--title=" + title, "--", "sh", "-c", full}
+	default:
+		return []string{term, "-e", "sh", "-c", full}
+	}
+}
--- a/core/internal/server/sysupdate/handlers.go
+++ b/core/internal/server/sysupdate/handlers.go
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+package sysupdate
+
+import (
+	"net"
+
+	"github.com/AvengeMedia/DankMaterialShell/core/internal/server/models"
+	"github.com/AvengeMedia/DankMaterialShell/core/internal/server/params"
+)
+
+func HandleRequest(conn net.Conn, req models.Request, m *Manager) {
+	switch req.Method {
+	case "sysupdate.getState":
+		models.Respond(conn, req.ID, m.GetState())
+	case "sysupdate.refresh":
+		force := params.BoolOpt(req.Params, "force", false)
+		m.Refresh(RefreshOptions{Force: force})
+		models.Respond(conn, req.ID, m.GetState())
+	case "sysupdate.upgrade":
+		handleUpgrade(conn, req, m)
+	case "sysupdate.cancel":
+		m.Cancel()
+		models.Respond(conn, req.ID, m.GetState())
+	case "sysupdate.acquire":
+		m.Acquire()
+		models.Respond(conn, req.ID, models.SuccessResult{Success: true})
+	case "sysupdate.release":
+		m.Release()
+		models.Respond(conn, req.ID, models.SuccessResult{Success: true})
+	case "sysupdate.setInterval":
+		seconds, err := params.Int(req.Params, "seconds")
+		if err != nil {
+			models.RespondError(conn, req.ID, err.Error())
+			return
+		}
+		m.SetInterval(seconds)
+		models.Respond(conn, req.ID, m.GetState())
+	default:
+		models.RespondError(conn, req.ID, "unknown method: "+req.Method)
+	}
+}
+
+func handleUpgrade(conn net.Conn, req models.Request, m *Manager) {
+	opts := UpgradeOptions{
+		IncludeFlatpak: params.BoolOpt(req.Params, "includeFlatpak", true),
+		IncludeAUR:     params.BoolOpt(req.Params, "includeAUR", true),
+		DryRun:         params.BoolOpt(req.Params, "dry", false),
+		CustomCommand:  params.StringOpt(req.Params, "customCommand", ""),
+		Terminal:       params.StringOpt(req.Params, "terminal", ""),
+	}
+	if err := m.Upgrade(opts); err != nil {
+		models.RespondError(conn, req.ID, err.Error())
+		return
+	}
+	models.Respond(conn, req.ID, m.GetState())
+}
--- a/core/internal/server/sysupdate/manager.go
+++ b/core/internal/server/sysupdate/manager.go
@@ -0,0 +1,493 @@
+package sysupdate
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/AvengeMedia/DankMaterialShell/core/internal/log"
+	"github.com/AvengeMedia/DankMaterialShell/core/pkg/syncmap"
+)
+
+const (
+	defaultIntervalSeconds = 30 * 60
+	minIntervalSeconds     = 5 * 60
+	recentLogCapacity      = 200
+	checkTimeout           = 5 * time.Minute
+	upgradeTimeout         = 30 * time.Minute
+)
+
+type Manager struct {
+	mu          sync.RWMutex
+	state       State
+	subscribers syncmap.Map[string, chan State]
+
+	selection Selection
+
+	notifyDirty chan struct{}
+	stopChan    chan struct{}
+	notifierWG  sync.WaitGroup
+	schedulerWG sync.WaitGroup
+
+	acquireCount int32
+	wakeSched    chan struct{}
+
+	opMu     sync.Mutex
+	opCtx    context.Context
+	opCancel context.CancelFunc
+}
+
+func NewManager() (*Manager, error) {
+	m := &Manager{
+		notifyDirty: make(chan struct{}, 1),
+		stopChan:    make(chan struct{}),
+		wakeSched:   make(chan struct{}, 1),
+	}
+	m.state = State{
+		Phase:           PhaseIdle,
+		IntervalSeconds: defaultIntervalSeconds,
+		Backends:        []BackendInfo{},
+		Packages:        []Package{},
+	}
+
+	id, pretty := readOSRelease()
+	m.state.Distro = id
+	m.state.DistroPretty = pretty
+
+	m.selection = Select(context.Background())
+	m.state.Backends = m.selection.Info()
+	if len(m.state.Backends) == 0 {
+		m.state.Error = &ErrorInfo{
+			Code:    ErrCodeNoBackend,
+			Message: "no supported package manager found",
+			Hint:    "install a supported package manager (pacman, dnf, apt, zypper) or flatpak",
+		}
+	}
+
+	m.notifierWG.Add(1)
+	go m.notifier()
+
+	m.schedulerWG.Add(1)
+	go m.scheduler()
+
+	go m.runRefresh(context.Background())
+
+	return m, nil
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) GetState() State {
+	m.mu.RLock()
+	defer m.mu.RUnlock()
+	return cloneState(m.state)
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) Subscribe(id string) chan State {
+	ch := make(chan State, 16)
+	m.subscribers.Store(id, ch)
+	return ch
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) Unsubscribe(id string) {
+	if val, ok := m.subscribers.LoadAndDelete(id); ok {
+		close(val)
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) Close() {
+	select {
+	case <-m.stopChan:
+		return
+	default:
+		close(m.stopChan)
+	}
+	m.opMu.Lock()
+	if m.opCancel != nil {
+		m.opCancel()
+	}
+	m.opMu.Unlock()
+	select {
+	case m.wakeSched <- struct{}{}:
+	default:
+	}
+	m.schedulerWG.Wait()
+	m.notifierWG.Wait()
+	m.subscribers.Range(func(key string, ch chan State) bool {
+		close(ch)
+		m.subscribers.Delete(key)
+		return true
+	})
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) SetInterval(seconds int) {
+	if seconds < minIntervalSeconds {
+		seconds = minIntervalSeconds
+	}
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	m.state.IntervalSeconds = seconds
+	m.mu.Unlock()
+	m.markDirty()
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) Refresh(opts RefreshOptions) {
+	m.mu.RLock()
+	phase := m.state.Phase
+	m.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	switch {
+	case phase == PhaseUpgrading:
+		return
+	case phase == PhaseRefreshing && !opts.Force:
+		return
+	}
+	go m.runRefresh(context.Background())
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) Upgrade(opts UpgradeOptions) error {
+	if len(m.selection.All()) == 0 {
+		return errors.New("no backend available")
+	}
+
+	m.opMu.Lock()
+	if m.opCancel != nil {
+		m.opMu.Unlock()
+		return errors.New("operation already running")
+	}
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), upgradeTimeout)
+	m.opCtx = ctx
+	m.opCancel = cancel
+	m.opMu.Unlock()
+
+	go m.runUpgrade(ctx, opts)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) Cancel() {
+	m.opMu.Lock()
+	cancel := m.opCancel
+	m.opMu.Unlock()
+	if cancel == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	cancel()
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) Acquire() {
+	first := atomic.AddInt32(&m.acquireCount, 1) == 1
+	select {
+	case m.wakeSched <- struct{}{}:
+	default:
+	}
+	if first {
+		go m.runRefresh(context.Background())
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) Release() {
+	if atomic.AddInt32(&m.acquireCount, -1) < 0 {
+		atomic.StoreInt32(&m.acquireCount, 0)
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) scheduler() {
+	defer m.schedulerWG.Done()
+	for {
+		if atomic.LoadInt32(&m.acquireCount) == 0 {
+			select {
+			case <-m.stopChan:
+				return
+			case <-m.wakeSched:
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+
+		m.mu.RLock()
+		interval := m.state.IntervalSeconds
+		m.mu.RUnlock()
+		if interval < minIntervalSeconds {
+			interval = minIntervalSeconds
+		}
+		t := time.NewTimer(time.Duration(interval) * time.Second)
+		select {
+		case <-m.stopChan:
+			t.Stop()
+			return
+		case <-m.wakeSched:
+			t.Stop()
+		case <-t.C:
+			m.runRefresh(context.Background())
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) runRefresh(parent context.Context) {
+	if len(m.selection.All()) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(parent, checkTimeout)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	if m.state.Phase == PhaseUpgrading {
+		m.mu.Unlock()
+		return
+	}
+	m.state.Phase = PhaseRefreshing
+	m.state.Error = nil
+	m.state.RecentLog = nil
+	m.mu.Unlock()
+	m.markDirty()
+
+	type backendResult struct {
+		pkgs []Package
+		err  error
+	}
+	backends := m.selection.All()
+	results := make([]backendResult, len(backends))
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	for i, b := range backends {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func(i int, b Backend) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			pkgs, err := b.CheckUpdates(ctx)
+			results[i] = backendResult{pkgs: pkgs, err: err}
+		}(i, b)
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	now := time.Now().Unix()
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	m.state.LastCheckUnix = now
+	m.state.Packages = m.state.Packages[:0]
+	var firstErr error
+	for i, r := range results {
+		if r.err != nil {
+			if firstErr == nil {
+				firstErr = fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", backends[i].ID(), r.err)
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		m.state.Packages = append(m.state.Packages, r.pkgs...)
+	}
+	m.state.Count = len(m.state.Packages)
+	if firstErr != nil {
+		m.state.Phase = PhaseError
+		m.state.Error = &ErrorInfo{Code: ErrCodeBackendFailed, Message: firstErr.Error()}
+	} else {
+		m.state.Phase = PhaseIdle
+		m.state.LastSuccessUnix = now
+		m.state.NextCheckUnix = now + int64(m.state.IntervalSeconds)
+	}
+	m.mu.Unlock()
+	m.markDirty()
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) runUpgrade(ctx context.Context, opts UpgradeOptions) {
+	defer func() {
+		m.opMu.Lock()
+		if m.opCancel != nil {
+			m.opCancel = nil
+			m.opCtx = nil
+		}
+		m.opMu.Unlock()
+	}()
+
+	if opts.CustomCommand != "" {
+		m.runCustomUpgrade(ctx, opts.CustomCommand, opts.Terminal)
+		return
+	}
+
+	backends := upgradeBackends(m.selection, opts)
+	if len(backends) == 0 {
+		m.setError(ErrCodeNoBackend, "no backend selected for upgrade")
+		return
+	}
+
+	opID := fmt.Sprintf("op-%d", time.Now().UnixNano())
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	m.state.Phase = PhaseUpgrading
+	m.state.OperationID = opID
+	m.state.OperationStarted = time.Now().Unix()
+	m.state.RecentLog = m.state.RecentLog[:0]
+	m.state.Error = nil
+	m.mu.Unlock()
+	m.markDirty()
+
+	onLine := func(line string) { m.appendLog(line) }
+	for _, b := range backends {
+		m.appendLog(fmt.Sprintf("== %s ==", b.DisplayName()))
+		if err := b.Upgrade(ctx, opts, onLine); err != nil {
+			code := ErrCodeBackendFailed
+			if errors.Is(ctx.Err(), context.DeadlineExceeded) {
+				code = ErrCodeTimeout
+			} else if errors.Is(ctx.Err(), context.Canceled) {
+				code = ErrCodeCancelled
+			}
+			m.mu.Lock()
+			m.state.Phase = PhaseError
+			m.state.Error = &ErrorInfo{Code: code, Message: fmt.Sprintf("%s: %v", b.ID(), err)}
+			m.mu.Unlock()
+			m.markDirty()
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	m.state.Phase = PhaseIdle
+	m.state.OperationID = ""
+	m.state.OperationStarted = 0
+	m.mu.Unlock()
+	m.markDirty()
+	go m.runRefresh(context.Background())
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) runCustomUpgrade(ctx context.Context, command, terminalOverride string) {
+	term := findTerminal(terminalOverride)
+	if term == "" {
+		m.setError(ErrCodeBackendFailed, "no terminal found (pick one in DMS settings, set $TERMINAL, or install kitty/ghostty/foot/alacritty)")
+		return
+	}
+
+	opID := fmt.Sprintf("op-%d", time.Now().UnixNano())
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	m.state.Phase = PhaseUpgrading
+	m.state.OperationID = opID
+	m.state.OperationStarted = time.Now().Unix()
+	m.state.RecentLog = m.state.RecentLog[:0]
+	m.state.Error = nil
+	m.mu.Unlock()
+	m.markDirty()
+
+	onLine := func(line string) { m.appendLog(line) }
+	argv := wrapInTerminal(term, "DMS — System Update (custom)", command)
+	if err := Run(ctx, argv, RunOptions{OnLine: onLine}); err != nil {
+		code := ErrCodeBackendFailed
+		switch {
+		case errors.Is(ctx.Err(), context.DeadlineExceeded):
+			code = ErrCodeTimeout
+		case errors.Is(ctx.Err(), context.Canceled):
+			code = ErrCodeCancelled
+		}
+		m.mu.Lock()
+		m.state.Phase = PhaseError
+		m.state.Error = &ErrorInfo{Code: code, Message: err.Error()}
+		m.mu.Unlock()
+		m.markDirty()
+		return
+	}
+
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	m.state.Phase = PhaseIdle
+	m.state.OperationID = ""
+	m.state.OperationStarted = 0
+	m.mu.Unlock()
+	m.markDirty()
+	go m.runRefresh(context.Background())
+}
+
+func upgradeBackends(sel Selection, opts UpgradeOptions) []Backend {
+	var out []Backend
+	if sel.System != nil {
+		out = append(out, sel.System)
+	}
+	for _, b := range sel.Overlay {
+		switch {
+		case b.Repo() == RepoFlatpak && !opts.IncludeFlatpak:
+			continue
+		}
+		out = append(out, b)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) appendLog(line string) {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	if cap(m.state.RecentLog) == 0 {
+		m.state.RecentLog = make([]string, 0, recentLogCapacity)
+	}
+	if len(m.state.RecentLog) >= recentLogCapacity {
+		copy(m.state.RecentLog, m.state.RecentLog[1:])
+		m.state.RecentLog = m.state.RecentLog[:recentLogCapacity-1]
+	}
+	m.state.RecentLog = append(m.state.RecentLog, line)
+	m.mu.Unlock()
+	m.markDirty()
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) setError(code ErrorCode, msg string) {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	m.state.Phase = PhaseError
+	m.state.Error = &ErrorInfo{Code: code, Message: msg}
+	m.mu.Unlock()
+	m.markDirty()
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) markDirty() {
+	select {
+	case m.notifyDirty <- struct{}{}:
+	default:
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) notifier() {
+	defer m.notifierWG.Done()
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-m.stopChan:
+			return
+		case <-m.notifyDirty:
+			snap := m.GetState()
+			m.subscribers.Range(func(key string, ch chan State) bool {
+				select {
+				case ch <- snap:
+				default:
+				}
+				return true
+			})
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func cloneState(s State) State {
+	out := s
+	out.Backends = append([]BackendInfo(nil), s.Backends...)
+	out.Packages = append([]Package(nil), s.Packages...)
+	out.RecentLog = append([]string(nil), s.RecentLog...)
+	if s.Error != nil {
+		errCopy := *s.Error
+		out.Error = &errCopy
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func readOSRelease() (id, pretty string) {
+	f, err := os.Open("/etc/os-release")
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", ""
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(f)
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		k, v, ok := strings.Cut(scanner.Text(), "=")
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		v = strings.Trim(v, "\"")
+		switch k {
+		case "ID":
+			id = v
+		case "PRETTY_NAME":
+			pretty = v
+		}
+	}
+	if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("[sysupdate] read os-release: %v", err)
+	}
+	return id, pretty
+}
--- a/core/internal/server/sysupdate/types.go
+++ b/core/internal/server/sysupdate/types.go
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+package sysupdate
+
+type Phase string
+
+const (
+	PhaseIdle       Phase = "idle"
+	PhaseRefreshing Phase = "refreshing"
+	PhaseUpgrading  Phase = "upgrading"
+	PhaseError      Phase = "error"
+)
+
+type RepoKind string
+
+const (
+	RepoSystem  RepoKind = "system"
+	RepoAUR     RepoKind = "aur"
+	RepoFlatpak RepoKind = "flatpak"
+	RepoOSTree  RepoKind = "ostree"
+)
+
+type ErrorCode string
+
+const (
+	ErrCodeNone           ErrorCode = ""
+	ErrCodeNoBackend      ErrorCode = "no-backend"
+	ErrCodeBusy           ErrorCode = "busy"
+	ErrCodeBackendFailed  ErrorCode = "backend-failed"
+	ErrCodeTimeout        ErrorCode = "timeout"
+	ErrCodeCancelled      ErrorCode = "cancelled"
+	ErrCodeInvalidRequest ErrorCode = "invalid-request"
+)
+
+type Package struct {
+	Name         string   `json:"name"`
+	Repo         RepoKind `json:"repo"`
+	Backend      string   `json:"backend"`
+	FromVersion  string   `json:"fromVersion,omitempty"`
+	ToVersion    string   `json:"toVersion,omitempty"`
+	SizeBytes    int64    `json:"sizeBytes,omitempty"`
+	ChangelogURL string   `json:"changelogUrl,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type BackendInfo struct {
+	ID             string   `json:"id"`
+	DisplayName    string   `json:"displayName"`
+	Repo           RepoKind `json:"repo"`
+	NeedsAuth      bool     `json:"needsAuth"`
+	RunsInTerminal bool     `json:"runsInTerminal"`
+}
+
+type ErrorInfo struct {
+	Code    ErrorCode `json:"code,omitempty"`
+	Message string    `json:"message,omitempty"`
+	Hint    string    `json:"hint,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type State struct {
+	Phase            Phase         `json:"phase"`
+	Distro           string        `json:"distro,omitempty"`
+	DistroPretty     string        `json:"distroPretty,omitempty"`
+	Backends         []BackendInfo `json:"backends"`
+	Packages         []Package     `json:"packages"`
+	Count            int           `json:"count"`
+	IntervalSeconds  int           `json:"intervalSeconds"`
+	LastCheckUnix    int64         `json:"lastCheckUnix,omitempty"`
+	LastSuccessUnix  int64         `json:"lastSuccessUnix,omitempty"`
+	NextCheckUnix    int64         `json:"nextCheckUnix,omitempty"`
+	OperationID      string        `json:"operationId,omitempty"`
+	OperationStarted int64         `json:"operationStartedUnix,omitempty"`
+	RecentLog        []string      `json:"recentLog,omitempty"`
+	Error            *ErrorInfo    `json:"error,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type UpgradeOptions struct {
+	IncludeFlatpak bool
+	IncludeAUR     bool
+	DryRun         bool
+	CustomCommand  string
+	Terminal       string
+}
+
+type RefreshOptions struct {
+	Force bool
+}