bump VERSION to v1.5.3

(cherry picked from commit c367153bac)

.github/release.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# Categories for GitHub's auto-generated release notes
+changelog:
+  exclude:
+    authors:
+      - github-actions[bot]
+      - dependabot[bot]
+    labels:
+      - internal
+  categories:
+    - title: Breaking Changes
+      labels: [breaking]
+    - title: Features
+      labels: [feature]
+    - title: Fixes
+      labels: [fix]
+    - title: Packaging
+      labels: [packaging]
+    - title: Internationalization
+      labels: [i18n]
+    - title: Documentation
+      labels: [docs]
+    - title: Other Changes
+      labels: ["*"]

.github/scripts/publish-void-r2.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -euo pipefail
+
+usage() {
+    echo "usage: $0 download|publish" >&2
+    exit 2
+}
+
+require_env() {
+    local name
+    for name in "$@"; do
+        if [[ -z "${!name:-}" ]]; then
+            echo "error: $name is required" >&2
+            exit 2
+        fi
+    done
+}
+
+require_env R2_BUCKET R2_ENDPOINT R2_PREFIX REPOSITORY_DIR
+
+aws_r2() {
+    aws --endpoint-url "$R2_ENDPOINT" "$@"
+}
+
+download() {
+    mkdir -p "$REPOSITORY_DIR/current" "$REPOSITORY_DIR/previous-current"
+
+    aws_r2 s3 sync \
+        "s3://${R2_BUCKET}/${R2_PREFIX}/current/" \
+        "$REPOSITORY_DIR/current/" \
+        --only-show-errors
+
+    cp -a "$REPOSITORY_DIR/current/." "$REPOSITORY_DIR/previous-current/"
+}
+
+build_manifest() {
+    local packages='[]'
+    local file filename pkgver name version revision sha size
+
+    for file in "$REPOSITORY_DIR"/current/*.xbps; do
+        filename="$(basename "$file")"
+        pkgver="$(xbps-uhelper binpkgver "$filename")"
+        name="$(xbps-uhelper getpkgname "$pkgver")"
+        version="$(xbps-uhelper getpkgversion "$pkgver")"
+        revision="$(xbps-uhelper getpkgrevision "$pkgver")"
+        version="${version%_"${revision}"}"
+        sha="$(sha256sum "$file" | cut -d' ' -f1)"
+        size="$(stat -c '%s' "$file")"
+        packages="$(jq \
+            --arg name "$name" \
+            --arg version "$version" \
+            --arg revision "$revision" \
+            --arg filename "$filename" \
+            --arg sha256 "$sha" \
+            --argjson size "$size" \
+            '. + [{name: $name, version: $version, revision: $revision, filename: $filename, sha256: $sha256, size: $size}]' \
+            <<<"$packages")"
+    done
+
+    jq -n \
+        --arg repository "$R2_PREFIX" \
+        --arg source_commit "$SOURCE_COMMIT" \
+        --arg published_at "$PUBLISHED_AT" \
+        --argjson packages "$packages" \
+        '{schema: 1, repository: $repository, source_commit: $source_commit, published_at: $published_at, packages: $packages}' \
+        > "$REPOSITORY_DIR/current/manifest.json"
+}
+
+verify_immutable_packages() {
+    local file previous
+
+    for file in "$REPOSITORY_DIR"/current/*.xbps "$REPOSITORY_DIR"/current/*.sig2; do
+        previous="$REPOSITORY_DIR/previous-current/$(basename "$file")"
+        if [[ -f "$previous" ]] && ! cmp -s "$previous" "$file"; then
+            echo "error: refusing to replace immutable object $(basename "$file")" >&2
+            echo "bump the XBPS revision or version before publishing a changed build" >&2
+            exit 1
+        fi
+    done
+}
+
+archive_retired() {
+    local old filename
+    local archive_prefix="archive/${R2_PREFIX}/${PUBLISHED_AT//:/-}"
+
+    shopt -s nullglob
+    for old in "$REPOSITORY_DIR"/previous-current/*.xbps "$REPOSITORY_DIR"/previous-current/*.sig2; do
+        filename="$(basename "$old")"
+        if [[ ! -e "$REPOSITORY_DIR/current/$filename" ]]; then
+            aws_r2 s3 cp \
+                "$old" \
+                "s3://${R2_BUCKET}/${archive_prefix}/${filename}" \
+                --cache-control 'private,no-store' \
+                --only-show-errors
+        fi
+    done
+}
+
+upload_current() {
+    local file filename old
+
+    # Versioned package objects must exist before repodata can reference them.
+    for file in "$REPOSITORY_DIR"/current/*.xbps "$REPOSITORY_DIR"/current/*.sig2; do
+        filename="$(basename "$file")"
+        aws_r2 s3 cp \
+            "$file" \
+            "s3://${R2_BUCKET}/${R2_PREFIX}/current/${filename}" \
+            --cache-control 'public,max-age=31536000,immutable' \
+            --only-show-errors
+    done
+
+    aws_r2 s3 cp \
+        "$REPOSITORY_DIR/current/x86_64-repodata" \
+        "s3://${R2_BUCKET}/${R2_PREFIX}/current/x86_64-repodata" \
+        --cache-control 'no-cache' \
+        --only-show-errors
+
+    # The manifest is the publication marker and is always uploaded last.
+    aws_r2 s3 cp \
+        "$REPOSITORY_DIR/current/manifest.json" \
+        "s3://${R2_BUCKET}/${R2_PREFIX}/current/manifest.json" \
+        --cache-control 'no-cache' \
+        --only-show-errors
+
+    # Once the new index and marker are live, remove objects no longer referenced.
+    shopt -s nullglob
+    for old in "$REPOSITORY_DIR"/previous-current/*; do
+        filename="$(basename "$old")"
+        if [[ ! -e "$REPOSITORY_DIR/current/$filename" ]]; then
+            aws_r2 s3 rm \
+                "s3://${R2_BUCKET}/${R2_PREFIX}/current/${filename}" \
+                --only-show-errors
+        fi
+    done
+}
+
+publish() {
+    require_env SOURCE_COMMIT
+    PUBLISHED_AT="${PUBLISHED_AT:-$(date -u +'%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ')}"
+    export PUBLISHED_AT
+
+    shopt -s nullglob
+    local packages=("$REPOSITORY_DIR"/current/*.xbps)
+    if (( ${#packages[@]} == 0 )); then
+        echo "error: refusing to publish an empty XBPS repository" >&2
+        exit 1
+    fi
+    [[ -s "$REPOSITORY_DIR/current/x86_64-repodata" ]] || {
+        echo "error: x86_64-repodata is missing or empty" >&2
+        exit 1
+    }
+    for file in "${packages[@]}"; do
+        [[ -s "${file}.sig2" ]] || {
+            echo "error: signature is missing for $(basename "$file")" >&2
+            exit 1
+        }
+    done
+
+    verify_immutable_packages
+    build_manifest
+    archive_retired
+    upload_current
+}
+
+case "${1:-}" in
+    download) download ;;
+    publish) publish ;;
+    *) usage ;;
+esac

.github/workflows/dms-stable.yml

@@ -7,14 +7,17 @@ on:
 
 permissions:
   contents: write
+  issues: write
 
 jobs:
   update-stable:
+    # skip prerelease tags
+    if: ${{ !contains(github.ref_name, '-') }}
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Create GitHub App token
         id: app_token
-        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@v1
+        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@v3
         with:
           app-id: ${{ secrets.APP_ID }}
           private-key: ${{ secrets.APP_PRIVATE_KEY }}
@@ -28,4 +31,54 @@ jobs:
       - name: Push to stable branch
         env:
           GH_TOKEN: ${{ steps.app_token.outputs.token }}
-        run: git push https://x-access-token:${GH_TOKEN}@github.com/${{ github.repository }}.git HEAD:refs/heads/stable --force
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          # don't roll stable backwards
+          if git fetch origin stable --quiet 2>/dev/null; then
+            stable_tag=$(git describe --tags --abbrev=0 FETCH_HEAD 2>/dev/null || echo "v0.0.0")
+            newest=$(printf '%s\n%s\n' "$stable_tag" "${GITHUB_REF_NAME}" | sort -V | tail -1)
+            if [ "$newest" != "${GITHUB_REF_NAME}" ]; then
+              echo "skipping: ${GITHUB_REF_NAME} is older than stable (${stable_tag})"
+              exit 0
+            fi
+          fi
+          git push "https://x-access-token:${GH_TOKEN}@github.com/${{ github.repository }}.git" HEAD:refs/heads/stable --force
+
+  cut-release-branch:
+    # create stable-X.Y at each vX.Y.0 tag
+    if: ${{ !contains(github.ref_name, '-') }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Create GitHub App token
+        id: app_token
+        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@v3
+        with:
+          app-id: ${{ secrets.APP_ID }}
+          private-key: ${{ secrets.APP_PRIVATE_KEY }}
+
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+          token: ${{ steps.app_token.outputs.token }}
+
+      - name: Create release branch
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ steps.app_token.outputs.token }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          if [[ ! "${GITHUB_REF_NAME}" =~ ^v([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)\.0$ ]]; then
+            echo "not a vX.Y.0 tag, no release branch to cut"
+            exit 0
+          fi
+          branch="stable-${BASH_REMATCH[1]}.${BASH_REMATCH[2]}"
+          if git ls-remote --exit-code origin "refs/heads/${branch}" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+            echo "${branch} already exists"
+            exit 0
+          fi
+          git push "https://x-access-token:${GH_TOKEN}@github.com/${{ github.repository }}.git" "HEAD:refs/heads/${branch}"
+          echo "created ${branch} at ${GITHUB_REF_NAME}"
+          GH_TOKEN="${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}" gh label create "port ${branch}" \
+            --repo "${{ github.repository }}" \
+            --description "Auto-port merged PR to ${branch}" --color 0e8a16 ||
+            echo "label 'port ${branch}' may already exist"

.github/workflows/go-ci.yml

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ on:
       - "core/**"
       - ".github/workflows/go-ci.yml"
   pull_request:
-    branches: [master, main]
+    branches: [master, main, "stable-*"]
     paths:
       - "core/**"
       - ".github/workflows/go-ci.yml"

.github/workflows/nix-pr-check.yml

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ name: Nix flake and NixOS tests
 
 on:
   pull_request:
-    branches: [master, main]
+    branches: [master, main, "stable-*"]
     paths:
       - "flake.*"
       - "distro/nix/**"

.github/workflows/point-release.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+name: Point release
+
+# Cuts vX.Y.Z from stable-X.Y: runs the port audit (warn-only), bumps
+# quickshell/VERSION, tags, and dispatches the Release workflow. Distro
+# builds are dispatched separately.
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      version:
+        description: "Point release version (e.g. 1.5.1)"
+        required: true
+        type: string
+      notify_issues:
+        description: "Comment on open related/fixes issues asking reporters to retest"
+        required: false
+        type: boolean
+        default: true
+
+permissions:
+  contents: write
+  actions: write
+
+concurrency:
+  group: point-release
+  cancel-in-progress: false
+
+jobs:
+  release:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    env:
+      VERSION: ${{ inputs.version }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Validate version and derive branch
+        id: derive
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          if [[ ! "$VERSION" =~ ^[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+$ ]]; then
+            echo "::error::version must be X.Y.Z (got '$VERSION')"; exit 1
+          fi
+          echo "branch=stable-${VERSION%.*}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "tag=v${VERSION}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Create GitHub App token
+        id: app_token
+        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@v3
+        with:
+          app-id: ${{ secrets.APP_ID }}
+          private-key: ${{ secrets.APP_PRIVATE_KEY }}
+
+      - name: Checkout release branch
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          ref: ${{ steps.derive.outputs.branch }}
+          fetch-depth: 0
+          token: ${{ steps.app_token.outputs.token }}
+
+      - name: Preflight — verify Release workflow is dispatchable
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          gh api "repos/${{ github.repository }}/actions/workflows/release.yml" \
+            --jq '.state' | grep -qx active ||
+            { echo "::error::release.yml is not dispatchable; aborting before any push"; exit 1; }
+
+      - name: Port audit (informational)
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ steps.app_token.outputs.token }}
+        run: |
+          bash scripts/port-audit.sh "${{ steps.derive.outputs.branch }}" ||
+            echo "::warning::port audit failed; continuing"
+
+      - name: Bump VERSION, tag, and push
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ steps.app_token.outputs.token }}
+          TAG: ${{ steps.derive.outputs.tag }}
+          BRANCH: ${{ steps.derive.outputs.branch }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          if git ls-remote --exit-code --tags origin "refs/tags/${TAG}" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+            echo "::error::tag ${TAG} already exists"; exit 1
+          fi
+          git config user.name "dms-ci[bot]"
+          git config user.email "dms-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
+
+          echo "${TAG}" > quickshell/VERSION
+          git add quickshell/VERSION
+          git commit -m "bump VERSION to ${TAG}"
+          git tag "${TAG}"
+          git push "https://x-access-token:${GH_TOKEN}@github.com/${{ github.repository }}.git" "HEAD:${BRANCH}" "refs/tags/${TAG}"
+
+      - name: Dispatch Release workflow
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: |
+          gh workflow run release.yml --ref "${{ steps.derive.outputs.tag }}" \
+            -f tag="${{ steps.derive.outputs.tag }}" \
+            -f notify_issues="${{ inputs.notify_issues }}"
+
+      - name: Next steps
+        run: |
+          {
+            echo "## ${{ steps.derive.outputs.tag }} tagged on ${{ steps.derive.outputs.branch }} — Release workflow dispatched"
+            echo ""
+            echo "Distro builds are manual: run the per-distro workflows (COPR/OBS/PPA/XBPS) once the release is published."
+          } >> "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"

.github/workflows/port-audit.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+name: Port audit
+
+# On-demand report of master commits not yet ported to a release branch.
+# Updates the "Port status: <branch>" tracking issue and the step summary.
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      target:
+        description: "Release branch to audit (default: newest release/*)"
+        required: false
+        type: string
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  issues: write
+
+jobs:
+  audit:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Run audit
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: bash scripts/port-audit.sh ${{ inputs.target }} --issue

.github/workflows/port.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+name: Port to release branch
+
+# Ports flagged commits from master onto stable-X.Y branches:
+#   - "port 1.5" flag in a commit message pushed to master — own line or
+#     mid-line; separators : / - or space; "stable-1.5" also accepted;
+#     comma lists ("Port: 1.5, 1.4") work in the own-line form
+#   - "port stable-1.5" label on a merged PR
+# Conflicts are reported to the "Port status: <branch>" tracking issue.
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [master]
+  pull_request_target:
+    types: [closed, labeled]
+
+permissions:
+  contents: write
+  issues: write
+
+concurrency:
+  group: port-engine
+  cancel-in-progress: false
+
+jobs:
+  port:
+    name: Port flagged commits
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Create GitHub App token
+        id: app_token
+        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@v3
+        with:
+          app-id: ${{ secrets.APP_ID }}
+          private-key: ${{ secrets.APP_PRIVATE_KEY }}
+
+      # Base-repo code only; PR head code is never checked out or executed.
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          ref: master
+          fetch-depth: 0
+          token: ${{ steps.app_token.outputs.token }}
+
+      - name: Port trailer-flagged commits
+        if: github.event_name == 'push'
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ steps.app_token.outputs.token }}
+          COMMITS: ${{ toJSON(github.event.commits) }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          git config user.name "dms-ci[bot]"
+          git config user.email "dms-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
+
+          for sha in $(jq -r '.[].id' <<<"$COMMITS"); do
+            git cat-file -e "$sha" 2>/dev/null || continue
+            # skip merge commits (handled by the label path)
+            [ "$(git rev-list --no-walk --count --min-parents=2 "$sha")" -eq 0 ] || continue
+
+            # own-line form (supports comma lists), validated version-shaped
+            t1=$(git log -1 --format=%B "$sha" |
+              { grep -iE '^Port[:/ -]' || true; } | sed -E 's|^port[-:/ ]+||I' | tr ',' '\n' |
+              sed 's/[[:space:]]//g; /^$/d' | sed -E 's,^stable-,,I' |
+              { grep -E '^[0-9]+\.[0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?$' || true; })
+            # mid-line form, e.g. "fix thing fixes #2802 port 1.5"
+            t2=$(git log -1 --format=%B "$sha" |
+              { grep -oiE '\bport[-: /]+(stable-)?[0-9]+\.[0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?\b' || true; } |
+              sed -E 's|^port[-:/ ]+||I' | sed -E 's,^stable-,,I')
+            targets=$(printf '%s\n%s\n' "$t1" "$t2" | sed '/^$/d' | sort -u)
+            for ver in $targets; do
+              echo "::group::port $sha -> stable-$ver"
+              bash scripts/port.sh "stable-$ver" "$sha"
+              echo "::endgroup::"
+            done
+          done
+
+      - name: Port label-flagged PR
+        if: >
+          github.event_name == 'pull_request_target' &&
+          github.event.pull_request.merged == true &&
+          (github.event.action == 'closed' ||
+           (github.event.action == 'labeled' && startsWith(github.event.label.name, 'port ')))
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ steps.app_token.outputs.token }}
+          LABELS: ${{ toJSON(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name) }}
+          MERGE_SHA: ${{ github.event.pull_request.merge_commit_sha }}
+          PORT_SOURCE_PR: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          git config user.name "dms-ci[bot]"
+          git config user.email "dms-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
+
+          targets=$(jq -r '.[] | select(startswith("port ")) | sub("^port +"; "")' <<<"$LABELS" |
+            sed -E 's,^stable-,,' | sort -u)
+          [ -n "$targets" ] || { echo "no port labels, nothing to do"; exit 0; }
+          [ -n "$MERGE_SHA" ] || { echo "::error::PR has no merge commit sha"; exit 1; }
+
+          for ver in $targets; do
+            echo "::group::port PR #${PORT_SOURCE_PR} ($MERGE_SHA) -> stable-$ver"
+            bash scripts/port.sh "stable-$ver" "$MERGE_SHA"
+            echo "::endgroup::"
+          done

.github/workflows/prek.yml

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ name: Pre-commit Checks
 on:
   push:
   pull_request:
-    branches: [master, main]
+    branches: [master, main, "stable-*"]
 jobs:
   pre-commit-check:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -7,10 +7,16 @@ on:
         description: "Tag to release (e.g., v1.0.1)"
         required: true
         type: string
+      notify_issues:
+        description: "Comment on open related/fixes issues asking reporters to retest"
+        required: false
+        type: boolean
+        default: false
 
 permissions:
   contents: write
   actions: write
+  issues: write
 
 concurrency:
   group: release-${{ inputs.tag }}
@@ -205,14 +211,24 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Generate Changelog
         id: changelog
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
         run: |
           set -e
           PREVIOUS_TAG=$(git describe --tags --abbrev=0 "${TAG}^" 2>/dev/null || echo "")
+          CHANGELOG=""
+          if [ -n "$PREVIOUS_TAG" ]; then
+            # PR-based notes with author credits; falls back to raw git log below
+            CHANGELOG=$(python3 scripts/release-notes.py "${PREVIOUS_TAG}..${TAG}" --format github --bare 2>/dev/null || true)
+          fi
+          if [ -z "$CHANGELOG" ]; then
+            echo "release-notes.py unavailable or empty, using git log fallback"
             if [ -z "$PREVIOUS_TAG" ]; then
               CHANGELOG=$(git log --oneline --pretty=format:"%an|%s (%h)" | grep -v "^github-actions\[bot\]|" | sed 's/^[^|]*|/- /' | head -50)
             else
               CHANGELOG=$(git log --oneline --pretty=format:"%an|%s (%h)" "${PREVIOUS_TAG}..${TAG}" | grep -v "^github-actions\[bot\]|" | sed 's/^[^|]*|/- /')
             fi
+          fi
 
           cat > RELEASE_BODY.md << 'EOF'
           ## Installation
@@ -417,3 +433,19 @@ jobs:
           prerelease: ${{ contains(env.TAG, '-') }}
         env:
           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+      # Ask reporters on still-open "related/fixes #N" issues to retest.
+      # Opt-in via notify_issues (Point release defaults it on). Skipped for
+      # prereleases. Preview: scripts/notify-issues.sh <prev> <tag> --dry-run
+      - name: Notify open issues to retest
+        if: ${{ inputs.notify_issues && !contains(env.TAG, '-') }}
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          PREVIOUS_TAG=$(git describe --tags --abbrev=0 "${TAG}^" 2>/dev/null || true)
+          if [ -z "$PREVIOUS_TAG" ]; then
+            echo "no previous tag; skipping issue notify"
+            exit 0
+          fi
+          bash scripts/notify-issues.sh "$PREVIOUS_TAG" "$TAG"

.github/workflows/run-xbps.yml

@@ -3,10 +3,15 @@ name: Void Linux XBPS Repository
 on:
   schedule:
     - cron: "0 2,5,14,17,20,23 * * *" # 9am, 12pm, 3pm, 6pm, 9pm, 12am EST (UTC times shown)
-  release:
-    types: [published]
+  # release trigger disabled; dispatch manually after a release
+  # release:
+  #   types: [published]
   workflow_dispatch:
     inputs:
+      version:
+        description: 'Stable release tag/version to build (e.g. v1.5.0 or 1.5.0). Leave blank to use the selected ref/template version'
+        type: string
+        required: false
       force_rebuild:
         description: 'Force rebuilding packages even if they already exist in the repository'
         type: boolean
@@ -29,30 +34,63 @@ on:
         default: true
 
 permissions:
-  contents: write
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: void-xbps-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: false
 
 jobs:
+  preflight:
+    name: Check for unpublished changes
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      should_build: ${{ steps.check.outputs.should_build }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Check published commit
+        id: check
+        env:
+          MANIFEST_URL: https://void.danklinux.com/dms/current/manifest.json
+        run: |
+          SHOULD_BUILD=true
+          if [ "${{ github.event_name }}" = "schedule" ]; then
+            PUBLISHED_COMMIT="$(curl -fsSL --retry 3 "$MANIFEST_URL" | jq -r '.source_commit // empty' 2>/dev/null || true)"
+            if [ "$PUBLISHED_COMMIT" = "${{ github.sha }}" ]; then
+              SHOULD_BUILD=false
+              echo "${{ github.sha }} is already published; skipping the scheduled build."
+            fi
+          fi
+          echo "should_build=$SHOULD_BUILD" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
   build-and-deploy:
     name: Build & Deploy XBPS packages
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: github.repository == 'AvengeMedia/DankMaterialShell'
+    needs: preflight
+    if: github.repository == 'AvengeMedia/DankMaterialShell' && needs.preflight.outputs.should_build == 'true'
+    env:
+      AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID: ${{ secrets.R2_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
+      AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY: ${{ secrets.R2_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }}
+      AWS_DEFAULT_REGION: auto
+      AWS_EC2_METADATA_DISABLED: true
+      R2_BUCKET: danklinux-void
+      R2_ENDPOINT: https://${{ secrets.CLOUDFLARE_ACCOUNT_ID }}.r2.cloudflarestorage.com
+      R2_PREFIX: dms
+      REPOSITORY_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/r2-repo
+      SOURCE_COMMIT: ${{ github.sha }}
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
         uses: actions/checkout@v6
         with:
+          ref: ${{ github.event.release.tag_name || (github.event.inputs.version && (startsWith(github.event.inputs.version, 'v') && github.event.inputs.version || format('v{0}', github.event.inputs.version))) || github.ref }}
           fetch-depth: 0
 
-      - name: Checkout gh-pages branch
+      - name: Record checked-out source commit
+        run: echo "SOURCE_COMMIT=$(git rev-parse HEAD)" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+
+      - name: Download current R2 repository
         run: |
-          git clone --branch gh-pages https://x-access-token:${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}@github.com/${{ github.repository }}.git gh-pages-repo || {
-            echo "⚠️ gh-pages branch not found or empty, initializing a new one..."
-            mkdir gh-pages-repo
-            cd gh-pages-repo
-            git init
-            git checkout -b gh-pages
-            git remote add origin https://x-access-token:${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}@github.com/${{ github.repository }}.git
-            cd ..
-          }
+          aws --version
+          bash .github/scripts/publish-void-r2.sh download
 
       - name: Install XBPS Static Utilities
         run: |
@@ -126,19 +164,19 @@ jobs:
       - name: Configure repositories
         run: |
           # Append the repository to repos-remote templates so xbps-src translates it automatically
-          echo "repository=https://avengemedia.github.io/DankLinux/current" >> void-packages/etc/xbps.d/repos-remote.conf
-          echo "repository=https://avengemedia.github.io/DankLinux/current" >> void-packages/etc/xbps.d/repos-remote-x86_64-multilib.conf
+          echo "repository=https://void.danklinux.com/danklinux/current" >> void-packages/etc/xbps.d/repos-remote.conf
+          echo "repository=https://void.danklinux.com/danklinux/current" >> void-packages/etc/xbps.d/repos-remote-x86_64-multilib.conf
 
           # Add any existing compiled packages to the build cache directory to avoid rebuilds
-          if [ -d "gh-pages-repo/current" ]; then
+          if [ -d "r2-repo/current" ]; then
             mkdir -p void-packages/hostdir/binpkgs
-            cp -L gh-pages-repo/current/*.xbps void-packages/hostdir/binpkgs/ 2>/dev/null || true
+            cp -L r2-repo/current/*.xbps void-packages/hostdir/binpkgs/ 2>/dev/null || true
             xbps-rindex -a void-packages/hostdir/binpkgs/*.xbps 2>/dev/null || true
           fi
 
       - name: Build packages
         run: |
-          mkdir -p gh-pages-repo/current
+          mkdir -p r2-repo/current
 
           BUILD_DMS="${{ github.event.inputs.build_dms || 'true' }}"
           BUILD_GREETER="${{ github.event.inputs.build_greeter || 'true' }}"
@@ -157,6 +195,25 @@ jobs:
             BUILD_GIT="false"
           fi
 
+          RELEASE_TAG=""
+          if [ "${{ github.event_name }}" = "release" ]; then
+            RELEASE_TAG="${{ github.event.release.tag_name }}"
+          elif [ -n "${{ github.event.inputs.version || '' }}" ]; then
+            RELEASE_TAG="${{ github.event.inputs.version }}"
+          elif [ "${{ github.ref_type }}" = "tag" ]; then
+            RELEASE_TAG="${{ github.ref_name }}"
+          fi
+
+          if [ -n "$RELEASE_TAG" ]; then
+            RELEASE_VER="${RELEASE_TAG#v}"
+            ARCHIVE_TAG="v${RELEASE_VER}"
+            echo "Stable release tag:          $ARCHIVE_TAG"
+          else
+            RELEASE_VER=""
+            ARCHIVE_TAG=""
+            echo "Stable release tag:          (template version)"
+          fi
+
           echo "=== Starting Builds ==="
           echo "DMS stable build enabled:     $BUILD_DMS"
           echo "Greeter stable build enabled: $BUILD_GREETER"
@@ -165,6 +222,19 @@ jobs:
 
           cd void-packages
 
+          if [ -n "$RELEASE_VER" ] && { [ "$BUILD_DMS" = "true" ] || [ "$BUILD_GREETER" = "true" ]; }; then
+            echo "🔧 Updating stable templates for $ARCHIVE_TAG"
+            TARBALL="$(mktemp)"
+            curl -fsSL -o "$TARBALL" "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/archive/refs/tags/${ARCHIVE_TAG}.tar.gz"
+            RELEASE_CHECKSUM="$(sha256sum "$TARBALL" | cut -d' ' -f1)"
+            rm -f "$TARBALL"
+
+            for pkg in dms dms-greeter; do
+              sed -i "s/^version=.*/version=${RELEASE_VER}/" "srcpkgs/${pkg}/template"
+              sed -i "s/^checksum=.*/checksum=${RELEASE_CHECKSUM}/" "srcpkgs/${pkg}/template"
+            done
+          fi
+
           # 1. Build dms-git (development package)
           if [ "$BUILD_GIT" = "true" ]; then
             # Calculate dynamic git version (tag.commits.hash)
@@ -178,7 +248,7 @@ jobs:
             mkdir -p "$SRC_CACHE"
             tar -czf "${SRC_CACHE}/dms-git-${GIT_VER}.tar.gz" \
               --exclude=void-packages \
-              --exclude=gh-pages-repo \
+              --exclude=r2-repo \
               --exclude=.git \
               --exclude=danklinux \
               -C .. .
@@ -192,13 +262,13 @@ jobs:
 
             EXPECTED_GIT_FILE="dms-git-${GIT_VER}_1.x86_64.xbps"
 
-            if [ -f "../gh-pages-repo/current/$EXPECTED_GIT_FILE" ] && [ "$FORCE_REBUILD" != "true" ]; then
+            if [ -f "../r2-repo/current/$EXPECTED_GIT_FILE" ] && [ "$FORCE_REBUILD" != "true" ]; then
               echo "✅ $EXPECTED_GIT_FILE already exists, skipping build."
             else
               echo "🔨 Compiling dms-git..."
               ./xbps-src pkg dms-git
-              rm -f "../gh-pages-repo/current/${EXPECTED_GIT_FILE}"
-              cp -L hostdir/binpkgs/dms-git-*.xbps ../gh-pages-repo/current/
+              rm -f "../r2-repo/current/${EXPECTED_GIT_FILE}"
+              cp -L "hostdir/binpkgs/${EXPECTED_GIT_FILE}" ../r2-repo/current/
             fi
           fi
 
@@ -208,13 +278,13 @@ jobs:
             STABLE_REV=$(grep -E '^revision=' srcpkgs/dms/template | cut -d= -f2 | tr -d '"')
 
             EXPECTED_DMS_FILE="dms-${STABLE_VER}_${STABLE_REV}.x86_64.xbps"
-            if [ -f "../gh-pages-repo/current/$EXPECTED_DMS_FILE" ] && [ "$FORCE_REBUILD" != "true" ]; then
+            if [ -f "../r2-repo/current/$EXPECTED_DMS_FILE" ] && [ "$FORCE_REBUILD" != "true" ]; then
               echo "✅ $EXPECTED_DMS_FILE already exists, skipping build."
             else
               echo "🔨 Compiling dms ($STABLE_VER)..."
               ./xbps-src pkg dms
-              rm -f "../gh-pages-repo/current/${EXPECTED_DMS_FILE}"
-              cp -L hostdir/binpkgs/dms-${STABLE_VER}_${STABLE_REV}.x86_64.xbps ../gh-pages-repo/current/
+              rm -f "../r2-repo/current/${EXPECTED_DMS_FILE}"
+              cp -L hostdir/binpkgs/dms-${STABLE_VER}_${STABLE_REV}.x86_64.xbps ../r2-repo/current/
             fi
           fi
 
@@ -224,22 +294,21 @@ jobs:
             GREETER_REV=$(grep -E '^revision=' srcpkgs/dms-greeter/template | cut -d= -f2 | tr -d '"')
 
             EXPECTED_GREETER_FILE="dms-greeter-${GREETER_VER}_${GREETER_REV}.x86_64.xbps"
-            if [ -f "../gh-pages-repo/current/$EXPECTED_GREETER_FILE" ] && [ "$FORCE_REBUILD" != "true" ]; then
+            if [ -f "../r2-repo/current/$EXPECTED_GREETER_FILE" ] && [ "$FORCE_REBUILD" != "true" ]; then
               echo "✅ $EXPECTED_GREETER_FILE already exists, skipping build."
             else
               echo "🔨 Compiling dms-greeter ($GREETER_VER)..."
               ./xbps-src pkg dms-greeter
-              rm -f "../gh-pages-repo/current/${EXPECTED_GREETER_FILE}"
-              cp -L hostdir/binpkgs/dms-greeter-${GREETER_VER}_${GREETER_REV}.x86_64.xbps ../gh-pages-repo/current/
+              rm -f "../r2-repo/current/${EXPECTED_GREETER_FILE}"
+              cp -L hostdir/binpkgs/dms-greeter-${GREETER_VER}_${GREETER_REV}.x86_64.xbps ../r2-repo/current/
             fi
           fi
 
       - name: Index and sign repository
         run: |
-          cd gh-pages-repo/current
+          cd r2-repo/current
 
-          # Clean up any stale or dangling signature files to prevent O_CREAT ENOENT errors
-          rm -f *.sig2 *.sig
+          rm -f *.sig
 
           # Guard: nothing to index if no .xbps files exist
           if ! ls *.xbps 1>/dev/null 2>&1; then
@@ -249,6 +318,14 @@ jobs:
 
           # Regenerate repo index
           xbps-rindex -a $(pwd)/*.xbps
+          xbps-rindex --remove-obsoletes $(pwd)
+
+          # Remove signatures left behind by obsolete packages. Signatures for
+          # unchanged immutable packages are retained byte-for-byte.
+          for sig in *.sig2; do
+            [ -e "$sig" ] || break
+            [ -f "${sig%.sig2}" ] || rm -f "$sig"
+          done
 
           # Sign repository
           echo "${{ secrets.XBPS_PRIVATE_KEY }}" > /tmp/xbps_privkey.pem
@@ -259,10 +336,5 @@ jobs:
 
           rm -f /tmp/xbps_privkey.pem
 
-      - name: Deploy to gh-pages branch
-        run: |
-          cd gh-pages-repo
-          git config user.name "github-actions[bot]"
-          git config user.email "41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
-          git add current/
-          git diff --quiet && git diff --staged --quiet || (git commit -m "Update XBPS packages [skip ci]" && git push origin gh-pages)
+      - name: Publish repository to R2
+        run: bash .github/scripts/publish-void-r2.sh publish

.github/workflows/update-vendor-hash.yml

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - name: Create GitHub App token
         id: app_token
-        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@v1
+        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@v3
         with:
           app-id: ${{ secrets.APP_ID }}
           private-key: ${{ secrets.APP_PRIVATE_KEY }}

.gitignore

@@ -126,3 +126,6 @@ __pycache__
 distro/void/temp/
 distro/void/hostdir/
 distro/void/masterdir*/
+
+# Often gets built
+core/dms

Makefile

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ BINARY_NAME=dms
 CORE_DIR=core
 BUILD_DIR=$(CORE_DIR)/bin
 PREFIX ?= /usr/local
-INSTALL_DIR=$(PREFIX)/bin
-DATA_DIR=$(PREFIX)/share
+INSTALL_DIR=$(DESTDIR)$(PREFIX)/bin
+DATA_DIR=$(DESTDIR)$(PREFIX)/share
 ICON_DIR=$(DATA_DIR)/icons/hicolor/scalable/apps
 
 USER_HOME := $(if $(SUDO_USER),$(shell getent passwd $(SUDO_USER) | cut -d: -f6),$(HOME))
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ install-systemd:
 	@echo "Installing systemd user service..."
 	@mkdir -p $(SYSTEMD_USER_DIR)
 	@if [ -n "$(SUDO_USER)" ]; then chown -R $(SUDO_USER):"$(id -gn $SUDO_USER)" $(SYSTEMD_USER_DIR); fi
-	@sed 's|/usr/bin/dms|$(INSTALL_DIR)/dms|g' $(ASSETS_DIR)/systemd/dms.service > $(SYSTEMD_USER_DIR)/dms.service
+	@sed 's|/usr/bin/dms|$(PREFIX)/bin/dms|g' $(ASSETS_DIR)/systemd/dms.service > $(SYSTEMD_USER_DIR)/dms.service
 	@chmod 644 $(SYSTEMD_USER_DIR)/dms.service
 	@if [ -n "$(SUDO_USER)" ]; then chown $(SUDO_USER):"$(id -gn $SUDO_USER)" $(SYSTEMD_USER_DIR)/dms.service; fi
 	@echo "Systemd service installed to $(SYSTEMD_USER_DIR)/dms.service"

core/README.md

@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ Uses COPR repositories (`avengemedia/danklinux`, `avengemedia/dms`).
 Requires PPA support. Most packages built from source (slow first install).
 
 **Debian**
-Debian 13+ (Trixie). niri only, no Hyprland support. Builds from source.
+Debian 13+ (Trixie), testing, and sid. Stable quickshell from Debian (trixie-backports on 13). Other companions via OBS.
 
 **openSUSE**
 Most packages available in standard repos. Minimal building required.

core/cmd/dms/commands_auth.go

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 package main
 
 import (
+	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/AvengeMedia/DankMaterialShell/core/internal/log"
@@ -35,9 +38,142 @@ var authSyncCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	},
 }
 
+var authResolveLockCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:   "resolve-lock",
+	Short: "Generate the lock-screen PAM config from the system auth stack",
+	Long: "Resolve the distribution's PAM auth stack into a self-contained lock-screen config under the user state directory.\n" +
+		"Runs unprivileged (reads /etc/pam.d, writes to the user's state dir) and is used by the shell as a fallback when /etc/pam.d/dankshell is not managed.\n" +
+		"Prints the path of the generated file.",
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		quiet, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("quiet")
+		logFunc := func(msg string) {
+			if !quiet {
+				fmt.Println(msg)
+			}
+		}
+		path, err := sharedpam.WriteUserLockscreenPamConfig(logFunc)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Fatalf("Error resolving lock-screen PAM config: %v", err)
+		}
+		fmt.Println(path)
+	},
+}
+
+var authListServicesCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:   "list-services",
+	Short: "List candidate lock-screen PAM services available on this system",
+	Long:  "Enumerate the lock-screen PAM services that exist on this system and report their resolved auth stack (whether it has an auth directive and whether fingerprint/U2F modules appear inline).",
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		asJSON, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("json")
+		services := sharedpam.ListLockscreenPamServices()
+
+		if asJSON {
+			payload := struct {
+				Services []sharedpam.LockscreenPamServiceInfo `json:"services"`
+			}{Services: services}
+			data, err := json.MarshalIndent(payload, "", "  ")
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Fatalf("Error encoding services: %v", err)
+			}
+			fmt.Println(string(data))
+			return
+		}
+
+		if len(services) == 0 {
+			fmt.Println("No candidate lock-screen PAM services found.")
+			return
+		}
+		for _, s := range services {
+			fmt.Printf("%-20s %-30s auth=%-5t fingerprint=%-5t u2f=%t\n", s.Name, s.Path, s.HasAuth, s.InlineFingerprint, s.InlineU2f)
+		}
+	},
+}
+
+var authValidateCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:   "validate",
+	Short: "Validate a PAM service file for use by the DMS lock screen",
+	Long:  "Validate one PAM service (by --service NAME or --path /abs/file) for use as the DMS lock-screen password or dedicated U2F stack. Exits 1 when the file is not usable.",
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		path, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("path")
+		service, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("service")
+		purpose, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("purpose")
+		asJSON, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("json")
+
+		if (path == "") == (service == "") {
+			log.Fatalf("Error: exactly one of --path or --service is required")
+		}
+
+		if purpose != "password" && purpose != "u2f" {
+			log.Fatalf("Error: --purpose must be password or u2f")
+		}
+
+		var result sharedpam.LockscreenPamValidation
+		switch {
+		case service != "":
+			if purpose == "u2f" {
+				result = sharedpam.ValidateLockscreenU2fPamService(service)
+			} else {
+				result = sharedpam.ValidateLockscreenPamService(service)
+			}
+		case !filepath.IsAbs(path):
+			result = sharedpam.LockscreenPamValidation{
+				Path:           path,
+				MissingModules: []string{},
+				Warnings:       []string{},
+				Errors:         []string{"--path must be an absolute file path"},
+			}
+		default:
+			if purpose == "u2f" {
+				result = sharedpam.ValidateLockscreenU2fPamPath(path)
+			} else {
+				result = sharedpam.ValidateLockscreenPamPath(path)
+			}
+		}
+
+		if asJSON {
+			data, err := json.MarshalIndent(result, "", "  ")
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Fatalf("Error encoding validation: %v", err)
+			}
+			fmt.Println(string(data))
+		} else {
+			printLockscreenPamValidation(result)
+		}
+
+		if !result.Valid {
+			os.Exit(1)
+		}
+	},
+}
+
+func printLockscreenPamValidation(result sharedpam.LockscreenPamValidation) {
+	fmt.Printf("Path:               %s\n", result.Path)
+	fmt.Printf("Valid:              %t\n", result.Valid)
+	fmt.Printf("Has auth:           %t\n", result.HasAuth)
+	fmt.Printf("Inline fingerprint: %t\n", result.InlineFingerprint)
+	fmt.Printf("Inline U2F:         %t\n", result.InlineU2f)
+	if len(result.MissingModules) > 0 {
+		fmt.Printf("Missing modules:    %s\n", strings.Join(result.MissingModules, ", "))
+	}
+	for _, w := range result.Warnings {
+		fmt.Println("⚠ " + w)
+	}
+	for _, e := range result.Errors {
+		fmt.Println("✗ " + e)
+	}
+}
+
 func init() {
 	authSyncCmd.Flags().BoolP("yes", "y", false, "Non-interactive mode: skip prompts")
 	authSyncCmd.Flags().BoolP("terminal", "t", false, "Run auth sync in a new terminal (for entering sudo password)")
+	authResolveLockCmd.Flags().BoolP("quiet", "q", false, "Only print the resulting file path")
+
+	authListServicesCmd.Flags().Bool("json", false, "Output as JSON")
+
+	authValidateCmd.Flags().String("path", "", "Absolute path to a PAM service file to validate")
+	authValidateCmd.Flags().String("service", "", "Name of a PAM service to resolve across the system PAM dirs")
+	authValidateCmd.Flags().String("purpose", "password", "Validation purpose: password or u2f")
+	authValidateCmd.Flags().Bool("json", false, "Output as JSON")
 }
 
 func syncAuth(nonInteractive bool) error {

core/cmd/dms/commands_common.go

@@ -759,6 +759,7 @@ func getCommonCommands() []*cobra.Command {
 		greeterCmd,
 		setupCmd,
 		colorCmd,
+		qrCmd,
 		screenshotCmd,
 		notifyActionCmd,
 		notifyCmd,

core/cmd/dms/commands_doctor.go

@@ -320,6 +320,7 @@ func checkEnvironmentVars() []checkResult {
 	var results []checkResult
 	results = append(results, checkEnvVar("QT_QPA_PLATFORMTHEME")...)
 	results = append(results, checkEnvVar("QS_ICON_THEME")...)
+	results = append(results, checkXDGMenuPrefix()...)
 	return results
 }
 
@@ -334,6 +335,29 @@ func checkEnvVar(name string) []checkResult {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func checkXDGMenuPrefix() []checkResult {
+	menuPrefix := os.Getenv("XDG_MENU_PREFIX")
+	if menuPrefix != "" {
+		if checkXDGMenuFile(menuPrefix) {
+			return []checkResult{{catEnvironment, "XDG_MENU_PREFIX", statusInfo, menuPrefix, "", doctorDocsURL + "#xdg-menu-prefix"}}
+		}
+		return []checkResult{{catEnvironment, "XDG_MENU_PREFIX", statusWarn, fmt.Sprintf("%s (menu file not found)", menuPrefix), fmt.Sprintf("Dolphin 'Open with…' dialog may be empty. Ensure /etc/xdg/menus/%sapplications.menu exists.", menuPrefix), doctorDocsURL + "#xdg-menu-prefix"}}
+	}
+	if _, err := exec.LookPath("keditfiletype"); err == nil {
+		return []checkResult{{catEnvironment, "XDG_MENU_PREFIX", statusWarn, "Not set", "Dolphin file associations and 'Open with…' dialog may be empty. Set XDG_MENU_PREFIX=plasma- in your compositor's environment block.", doctorDocsURL + "#xdg-menu-prefix"}}
+	}
+	if doctorVerbose {
+		return []checkResult{{catEnvironment, "XDG_MENU_PREFIX", statusInfo, "Not set", "", doctorDocsURL + "#xdg-menu-prefix"}}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func checkXDGMenuFile(prefix string) bool {
+	menuPath := fmt.Sprintf("/etc/xdg/menus/%sapplications.menu", prefix)
+	_, err := os.Stat(menuPath)
+	return err == nil
+}
+
 func readOSRelease() map[string]string {
 	result := make(map[string]string)
 	data, err := os.ReadFile("/etc/os-release")

core/cmd/dms/commands_greeter.go

@@ -1081,8 +1081,11 @@ func ensureGreetdEnabled() error {
 		if !runitServiceInstalled("greetd") {
 			return fmt.Errorf("greetd service not found in %s. Please install greetd first", runitSvDir)
 		}
-		// Seat + runtime-dir setup that logind handles automatically on systemd.
+		if greeter.IsVoidLinux() {
+			ensureVoidLogindGreeter("_greeter")
+		} else {
 			ensureRunitSeat("_greeter")
+		}
 		ensureGreetdPamRundir()
 		if err := enableRunitService("greetd"); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to enable greetd: %w", err)
@@ -1261,6 +1264,9 @@ func enableGreeter(nonInteractive bool) error {
 		if err := greeter.EnsureGreeterCacheDir(logFunc, ""); err != nil {
 			fmt.Printf("⚠ Could not ensure cache directory: %v\n  Run: sudo mkdir -p %s && sudo chown root:%s %s && sudo chmod 2770 %s\n", err, greeter.GreeterCacheDir, greeterGroup, greeter.GreeterCacheDir, greeter.GreeterCacheDir)
 		}
+		if err := greeter.EnsureVoidLogindGreetdCommand(logFunc, ""); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 
 		if err := ensureGraphicalTarget(); err != nil {
 			return err
@@ -1475,12 +1481,23 @@ func extractGreeterWrapperFromCommand(command string) string {
 	if len(tokens) == 0 {
 		return ""
 	}
-	wrapper := strings.Trim(tokens[0], "\"")
+	wrapperIndex := 0
+	if filepath.Base(strings.Trim(tokens[0], "\"")) == "env" {
+		wrapperIndex = 1
+		for wrapperIndex < len(tokens) && strings.Contains(tokens[wrapperIndex], "=") {
+			wrapperIndex++
+		}
+	}
+	if wrapperIndex >= len(tokens) {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	wrapper := strings.Trim(tokens[wrapperIndex], "\"")
 	if wrapper == "" {
 		return ""
 	}
-	if len(tokens) > 1 {
-		next := strings.Trim(tokens[1], "\"")
+	if wrapperIndex+1 < len(tokens) {
+		next := strings.Trim(tokens[wrapperIndex+1], "\"")
 		if next != "" && (filepath.Base(wrapper) == "bash" || filepath.Base(wrapper) == "sh") && strings.Contains(filepath.Base(next), "dms-greeter") {
 			return fmt.Sprintf("%s (script: %s)", wrapper, next)
 		}
@@ -1535,7 +1552,7 @@ func packageInstallHint() string {
 	case distros.FamilyArch:
 		return "Install from AUR with 'paru -S greetd-dms-greeter-git' or 'yay -S greetd-dms-greeter-git'"
 	case distros.FamilyVoid:
-		return "Install with 'sudo xbps-install -S dms-greeter' (requires DMS XBPS repo: echo 'repository=https://avengemedia.github.io/DankMaterialShell/current' | sudo tee /etc/xbps.d/dms.conf)"
+		return "Install with 'sudo xbps-install -S dms-greeter' (requires DMS XBPS repo: echo 'repository=https://void.danklinux.com/dms/current' | sudo tee /etc/xbps.d/dms.conf)"
 	default:
 		return "Run 'dms greeter install' to install greeter"
 	}

core/cmd/dms/commands_greeter_test.go

@@ -101,6 +101,13 @@ func TestGreeterStatusStateDirHonorsExplicitOverrideOnNixOS(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestExtractGreeterWrapperFromEnvCommand(t *testing.T) {
+	command := "env LIBSEAT_BACKEND=logind DMS_VOID=1 /usr/bin/dms-greeter --command niri"
+	if got := extractGreeterWrapperFromCommand(command); got != "/usr/bin/dms-greeter" {
+		t.Fatalf("extractGreeterWrapperFromCommand() = %q, want %q", got, "/usr/bin/dms-greeter")
+	}
+}
+
 func TestRejectNixOSGreeterMutationBlocksImperativeCommands(t *testing.T) {
 	origGreeterIsNixOSFn := greeterIsNixOSFn
 	greeterIsNixOSFn = func() bool { return true }

core/cmd/dms/commands_qr.go

@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/AvengeMedia/DankMaterialShell/core/internal/clipboard"
+	"github.com/AvengeMedia/DankMaterialShell/core/internal/qrcode"
+	"github.com/AvengeMedia/DankMaterialShell/core/internal/server/models"
+	"github.com/mattn/go-isatty"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+var (
+	qrEcc         string
+	qrVersion     int
+	qrOutput      string
+	qrStdout      bool
+	qrClipboard   bool
+	qrCopyText    bool
+	qrRender      bool
+	qrNoRender    bool
+	qrInvert      bool
+	qrQuietZone   int
+	qrModuleSize  int
+	qrFg          string
+	qrBg          string
+	qrTransparent bool
+	qrBorder      int
+	qrShape       string
+	qrLogo        string
+	qrLogoScale   int
+
+	qrWifiPassword string
+	qrWifiSecurity string
+	qrWifiHidden   bool
+)
+
+var qrCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:   "qr [text]",
+	Short: "Generate QR codes",
+	Long: `Generate a QR code from text, stdin, or a WiFi network.
+
+By default the code is rendered to the terminal when stdout is a TTY, or
+written as PNG bytes to stdout when piped. Use flags to also copy to the
+clipboard, save a PNG, or tune encoding and colors.
+
+Input:
+  dms qr "https://example.com"     # encode an argument
+  echo -n "data" | dms qr          # encode stdin
+  dms qr -                         # encode stdin explicitly
+
+Output (combine freely):
+  dms qr "text" --clipboard        # copy PNG image to clipboard
+  dms qr "text" --copy-text        # copy the source text to clipboard
+  dms qr "text" -o code.png        # save a PNG file
+  dms qr "text" > code.png         # PNG to stdout (piped)
+  dms qr "text" --render           # force terminal render
+
+Encoding & style:
+  --ecc L|M|Q|H                    # error correction (default M)
+  --qr-version 10                  # force symbol version (1-40)
+  --module-size 12 --fg '#000' ... # PNG sizing and colors
+  --shape circle                   # round modules
+  --logo icon.png                  # center logo (bumps --ecc to H)
+  --invert                         # flip colors for light terminals
+
+WiFi:
+  dms qr wifi MySSID -p secret     # build from an explicit password
+  dms qr wifi MySSID               # pull the saved secret from the shell`,
+	Args: cobra.ArbitraryArgs,
+	Run:  runQR,
+}
+
+var qrWifiCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:   "wifi <ssid>",
+	Short: "Generate a WiFi QR code",
+	Long: `Generate a QR code that joins a WiFi network when scanned.
+
+With --password the code is built entirely offline. Without it, the saved
+credentials are fetched from the running DMS shell (like the network panel).`,
+	Args: cobra.ExactArgs(1),
+	Run:  runQRWifi,
+}
+
+func init() {
+	qrCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&qrEcc, "ecc", "", "Error correction level: L, M, Q, H (default M, or H with --logo)")
+	qrCmd.PersistentFlags().IntVar(&qrVersion, "qr-version", 0, "Force QR symbol version 1-40 (0 = auto)")
+	qrCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&qrOutput, "output", "o", "", "Write a PNG to this file")
+	qrCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&qrStdout, "stdout", false, "Write PNG bytes to stdout")
+	qrCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&qrClipboard, "clipboard", false, "Copy the PNG image to the clipboard")
+	qrCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&qrCopyText, "copy-text", false, "Copy the source text to the clipboard")
+	qrCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&qrRender, "render", false, "Force terminal rendering")
+	qrCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&qrNoRender, "no-render", false, "Never render to the terminal")
+	qrCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&qrInvert, "invert", false, "Swap colors (for light terminals)")
+	qrCmd.PersistentFlags().IntVar(&qrQuietZone, "quiet-zone", 2, "Terminal margin in modules")
+	qrCmd.PersistentFlags().IntVar(&qrModuleSize, "module-size", 0, "PNG pixels per module (0 = auto)")
+	qrCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&qrFg, "fg", "", "Dark module color (#RGB or #RRGGBB)")
+	qrCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&qrBg, "bg", "", "Light module color (#RGB or #RRGGBB)")
+	qrCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&qrTransparent, "transparent", false, "Transparent PNG background")
+	qrCmd.PersistentFlags().IntVar(&qrBorder, "border", -1, "PNG border in pixels (-1 = auto)")
+	qrCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&qrShape, "shape", "square", "PNG module shape (square, circle)")
+	qrCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&qrLogo, "logo", "", "Center a PNG/JPEG logo on the PNG output")
+	qrCmd.PersistentFlags().IntVar(&qrLogoScale, "logo-scale", 0, "Max logo size as 1/N of the code (0 = library default of 5)")
+
+	qrWifiCmd.Flags().StringVarP(&qrWifiPassword, "password", "p", "", "WiFi password (offline build)")
+	qrWifiCmd.Flags().StringVar(&qrWifiSecurity, "security", "WPA", "Security type (WPA, WEP, nopass)")
+	qrWifiCmd.Flags().BoolVar(&qrWifiHidden, "hidden", false, "Mark the network as hidden")
+
+	qrCmd.AddCommand(qrWifiCmd)
+}
+
+func runQR(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+	text := strings.Join(args, " ")
+	if text == "" || text == "-" {
+		data, err := io.ReadAll(os.Stdin)
+		if err != nil {
+			fatalf("Error reading stdin: %v", err)
+		}
+		text = strings.TrimRight(string(data), "\n")
+	}
+	if text == "" {
+		fatalf("Error: no input (provide text, pipe stdin, or use a subcommand)")
+	}
+	emitQR(text)
+}
+
+func runQRWifi(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+	ssid := args[0]
+	if qrWifiPassword != "" || strings.EqualFold(qrWifiSecurity, "nopass") {
+		emitQR(qrcode.WiFiString(qrWifiSecurity, ssid, qrWifiPassword, qrWifiHidden))
+		return
+	}
+
+	content, err := fetchWifiQRContent(ssid)
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error: %v\n", err)
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "Hint: pass --password to build the code without the shell.")
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+	if qrWifiHidden {
+		content = strings.TrimSuffix(content, ";") + "H:true;;"
+	}
+	emitQR(content)
+}
+
+func emitQR(text string) {
+	renderTerm := shouldRenderTerminal()
+	pngToStdout := qrStdout || (!renderTerm && qrOutput == "" && !qrClipboard && !qrCopyText)
+
+	if pngToStdout || qrOutput != "" || qrClipboard {
+		png, err := qrcode.RenderPNG(text, qrcode.ImageOptions{
+			ECC:         effectiveEcc(),
+			Version:     qrVersion,
+			ModuleSize:  qrModuleSize,
+			Fg:          qrFg,
+			Bg:          qrBg,
+			Transparent: qrTransparent,
+			Border:      qrBorder,
+			Shape:       qrShape,
+			Logo:        qrLogo,
+			LogoScale:   qrLogoScale,
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			fatalf("Error encoding QR: %v", err)
+		}
+		emitPNG(png, pngToStdout)
+	}
+
+	if qrCopyText {
+		if err := clipboard.CopyText(text); err != nil {
+			fatalf("Error copying text: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if !renderTerm {
+		return
+	}
+	out, err := qrcode.RenderTerminal(text, qrcode.TermOptions{
+		ECC:       effectiveEcc(),
+		Version:   qrVersion,
+		QuietZone: qrQuietZone,
+		Invert:    qrInvert,
+		Fg:        qrFg,
+		Bg:        qrBg,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		fatalf("Error rendering QR: %v", err)
+	}
+	dst := os.Stdout
+	if pngToStdout {
+		dst = os.Stderr
+	}
+	fmt.Fprint(dst, out)
+}
+
+func emitPNG(png []byte, toStdout bool) {
+	if qrOutput != "" {
+		if err := os.WriteFile(qrOutput, png, 0o644); err != nil {
+			fatalf("Error writing file: %v", err)
+		}
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, qrOutput)
+	}
+	if toStdout {
+		os.Stdout.Write(png)
+	}
+	if qrClipboard {
+		if err := clipboard.Copy(png, "image/png"); err != nil {
+			fatalf("Error copying image: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func shouldRenderTerminal() bool {
+	switch {
+	case qrNoRender:
+		return false
+	case qrRender:
+		return true
+	case qrStdout, qrOutput != "", qrClipboard, qrCopyText:
+		return false
+	default:
+		return isatty.IsTerminal(os.Stdout.Fd())
+	}
+}
+
+func effectiveEcc() string {
+	switch {
+	case qrEcc != "":
+		return qrEcc
+	case qrLogo != "":
+		return "H"
+	default:
+		return "M"
+	}
+}
+
+func fatalf(format string, args ...any) {
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, format+"\n", args...)
+	os.Exit(1)
+}
+
+func fetchWifiQRContent(ssid string) (string, error) {
+	resp, err := sendServerRequest(models.Request{
+		ID:     1,
+		Method: "network.qrcode-content",
+		Params: map[string]any{"ssid": ssid},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	if resp.Error != "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("%s", resp.Error)
+	}
+	if resp.Result == nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("empty response")
+	}
+	content, ok := (*resp.Result).(string)
+	if !ok {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("unexpected response format")
+	}
+	return content, nil
+}

core/cmd/dms/commands_screenshot.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
@@ -27,8 +28,19 @@ var (
 	ssNoConfirm   bool
 	ssReset       bool
 	ssStdout      bool
+	ssJSON        bool
 )
 
+type screenshotMetadata struct {
+	Status string  `json:"status"`
+	Path   string  `json:"path,omitempty"`
+	Width  int     `json:"width,omitempty"`
+	Height int     `json:"height,omitempty"`
+	Scale  float64 `json:"scale,omitempty"`
+	Mime   string  `json:"mime,omitempty"`
+	Error  string  `json:"error,omitempty"`
+}
+
 var screenshotCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "screenshot",
 	Short: "Capture screenshots",
@@ -39,8 +51,9 @@ Modes:
   full        - Capture the focused output
   all         - Capture all outputs combined
   output      - Capture a specific output by name
-  window      - Capture the focused window (Hyprland/Mango)
+  window      - Capture the focused window (Hyprland/Mango/niri)
   last        - Capture the last selected region
+  scroll      - Select a region, then scroll to capture a stitched tall image
 
 Output format (--format):
   png         - PNG format (default)
@@ -59,7 +72,10 @@ Examples:
   dms screenshot --no-file           # Clipboard only
   dms screenshot --no-confirm        # Region capture on mouse release
   dms screenshot --cursor=on         # Include cursor
-  dms screenshot -f jpg -q 85        # JPEG with quality 85`,
+  dms screenshot -f jpg -q 85        # JPEG with quality 85
+  dms screenshot --json              # Print capture metadata as JSON
+  dms screenshot scroll              # Scroll capture, Enter finishes / Esc cancels
+  dms screenshot scroll --interval 250`,
 }
 
 var ssRegionCmd = &cobra.Command{
@@ -97,10 +113,33 @@ If no previous region exists, falls back to interactive selection.`,
 var ssWindowCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "window",
 	Short: "Capture the focused window",
-	Long:  `Capture the currently focused window. Supported on Hyprland and Mango.`,
+	Long:  `Capture the currently focused window. Supported on Hyprland, Mango, and niri.`,
 	Run:   runScreenshotWindow,
 }
 
+var ssScrollInterval int
+
+var ssScrollCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:   "scroll",
+	Short: "Capture a scrolling region stitched into one tall image",
+	Long: `Select a region, then scroll the content beneath with the mouse wheel or
+touchpad while frames are captured and stitched vertically. Finish with the
+on-screen done button; cancel with the cancel button. Enter and Esc work
+everywhere: most compositors hold the keyboard on the overlay (keyboard
+scrolling does not reach the app there), while Hyprland leaves the keyboard
+with the application — keyboard scrolling works, and Enter/Esc act through
+temporary global binds for the session. The cursor is never included in
+frames.
+
+Frames are stitched continuously while scrolling, and revisited content is
+never duplicated — scrolling up past the starting point extends the image
+upward. Content jumped past faster than capture can follow is skipped rather
+than stitched incorrectly.
+
+Rotated outputs are not supported.`,
+	Run: runScreenshotScroll,
+}
+
 var ssListCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "list",
 	Short: "List available outputs",
@@ -128,8 +167,12 @@ func init() {
 	screenshotCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&ssNoConfirm, "no-confirm", false, "Region mode: capture on mouse release without Enter/Space confirmation")
 	screenshotCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&ssReset, "reset", false, "Reset saved last-region preselection before capturing")
 	screenshotCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&ssStdout, "stdout", false, "Output image to stdout (for piping to swappy, etc.)")
+	screenshotCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&ssJSON, "json", false, "Print capture metadata as JSON")
+
+	ssScrollCmd.Flags().IntVar(&ssScrollInterval, "interval", 45, "Capture interval in milliseconds (30-1000)")
 
 	screenshotCmd.AddCommand(ssRegionCmd)
+	screenshotCmd.AddCommand(ssScrollCmd)
 	screenshotCmd.AddCommand(ssFullCmd)
 	screenshotCmd.AddCommand(ssAllCmd)
 	screenshotCmd.AddCommand(ssOutputCmd)
@@ -203,10 +246,39 @@ func setPopoutScreenshotMode(begin bool) {
 	_ = exec.Command("qs", cmdArgs...).Run()
 }
 
+func writeScreenshotJSON(meta screenshotMetadata) {
+	_ = json.NewEncoder(os.Stdout).Encode(meta)
+}
+
+func exitScreenshotError(context string, err error) {
+	if ssJSON {
+		writeScreenshotJSON(screenshotMetadata{Status: "error", Error: err.Error()})
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error%s: %v\n", context, err)
+	os.Exit(1)
+}
+
+func formatMime(format screenshot.Format) string {
+	switch format {
+	case screenshot.FormatJPEG:
+		return "image/jpeg"
+	case screenshot.FormatPPM:
+		return "image/x-portable-pixmap"
+	default:
+		return "image/png"
+	}
+}
+
 func runScreenshot(config screenshot.Config) {
+	if ssJSON && config.Stdout {
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "Error: --json cannot be combined with --stdout")
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+
 	// Region select needs the keyboard; drop popout grabs for its duration.
 	result, err := func() (*screenshot.CaptureResult, error) {
-		interactive := config.Mode == screenshot.ModeRegion || config.Mode == screenshot.ModeLastRegion
+		interactive := config.Mode == screenshot.ModeRegion || config.Mode == screenshot.ModeLastRegion || config.Mode == screenshot.ModeScroll
 		if interactive {
 			setPopoutScreenshotMode(true)
 			defer setPopoutScreenshotMode(false)
@@ -215,11 +287,13 @@ func runScreenshot(config screenshot.Config) {
 	}()
 
 	if err != nil {
-		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error: %v\n", err)
-		os.Exit(1)
+		exitScreenshotError("", err)
 	}
 
 	if result == nil {
+		if ssJSON {
+			writeScreenshotJSON(screenshotMetadata{Status: "aborted", Error: "User cancelled selection"})
+		}
 		os.Exit(0)
 	}
 
@@ -231,8 +305,7 @@ func runScreenshot(config screenshot.Config) {
 
 	if config.Stdout {
 		if err := writeImageToStdout(result.Buffer, config.Format, config.Quality, result.Format); err != nil {
-			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error writing to stdout: %v\n", err)
-			os.Exit(1)
+			exitScreenshotError(" writing to stdout", err)
 		}
 		return
 	}
@@ -252,22 +325,37 @@ func runScreenshot(config screenshot.Config) {
 
 		filePath = filepath.Join(outputDir, filename)
 		if err := screenshot.WriteToFileWithFormat(result.Buffer, filePath, config.Format, config.Quality, result.Format); err != nil {
-			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error writing file: %v\n", err)
-			os.Exit(1)
+			exitScreenshotError(" writing file", err)
 		}
+		if !ssJSON {
 			fmt.Println(filePath)
 		}
+	}
 
 	if config.Clipboard {
 		if err := copyImageToClipboard(result.Buffer, config.Format, config.Quality, result.Format); err != nil {
-			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error copying to clipboard: %v\n", err)
-			os.Exit(1)
+			exitScreenshotError(" copying to clipboard", err)
 		}
-		if !config.SaveFile {
+		if !ssJSON && !config.SaveFile {
 			fmt.Println("Copied to clipboard")
 		}
 	}
 
+	if ssJSON {
+		scale := result.Scale
+		if scale <= 0 {
+			scale = 1.0
+		}
+		writeScreenshotJSON(screenshotMetadata{
+			Status: "success",
+			Path:   filePath,
+			Width:  result.Buffer.Width,
+			Height: result.Buffer.Height,
+			Scale:  scale,
+			Mime:   formatMime(config.Format),
+		})
+	}
+
 	if config.Notify {
 		thumbData, thumbW, thumbH := bufferToRGBThumbnail(result.Buffer, 256, result.Format)
 		screenshot.SendNotification(screenshot.NotifyResult{
@@ -378,6 +466,12 @@ func runScreenshotRegion(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 	runScreenshot(config)
 }
 
+func runScreenshotScroll(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+	config := getScreenshotConfig(screenshot.ModeScroll)
+	config.IntervalMs = min(max(ssScrollInterval, 30), 1000)
+	runScreenshot(config)
+}
+
 func runScreenshotFull(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 	config := getScreenshotConfig(screenshot.ModeFullScreen)
 	runScreenshot(config)

core/cmd/dms/commands_system.go

@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ var (
 	sysUpdateJSON       bool
 	sysUpdateNoFlatpak  bool
 	sysUpdateNoAUR      bool
+	sysUpdateIgnore     []string
 	sysUpdateIntervalS  int
 	sysUpdateListPmTime = 5 * time.Minute
 )
@@ -58,6 +59,7 @@ func init() {
 	systemUpdateCmd.Flags().BoolVar(&sysUpdateJSON, "json", false, "Output as JSON (with --check)")
 	systemUpdateCmd.Flags().BoolVar(&sysUpdateNoFlatpak, "no-flatpak", false, "Skip the Flatpak overlay")
 	systemUpdateCmd.Flags().BoolVar(&sysUpdateNoAUR, "no-aur", false, "Skip the AUR (paru/yay only)")
+	systemUpdateCmd.Flags().StringSliceVar(&sysUpdateIgnore, "ignore", nil, "Skip specific packages (repeatable or comma-separated)")
 	systemUpdateCmd.Flags().IntVar(&sysUpdateIntervalS, "interval", -1, "Set the DMS server poll interval in seconds and exit (requires running server)")
 
 	systemCmd.AddCommand(systemUpdateCmd)
@@ -192,6 +194,7 @@ func runSystemUpdateApply() {
 		Targets:        pkgs,
 		IncludeFlatpak: !sysUpdateNoFlatpak,
 		IncludeAUR:     !sysUpdateNoAUR,
+		Ignored:        sysUpdateIgnore,
 		DryRun:         sysUpdateDry,
 		UseSudo:        true,
 	}
@@ -234,12 +237,19 @@ func collectUpdates(ctx context.Context, backends []sysupdate.Backend) ([]sysupd
 }
 
 func filterUpdateTargets(pkgs []sysupdate.Package) []sysupdate.Package {
-	if !sysUpdateNoAUR {
+	if !sysUpdateNoAUR && len(sysUpdateIgnore) == 0 {
 		return pkgs
 	}
+	ignored := make(map[string]bool, len(sysUpdateIgnore))
+	for _, name := range sysUpdateIgnore {
+		ignored[name] = true
+	}
 	out := pkgs[:0]
 	for _, p := range pkgs {
-		if p.Repo == sysupdate.RepoAUR {
+		if sysUpdateNoAUR && p.Repo == sysupdate.RepoAUR {
+			continue
+		}
+		if ignored[p.Name] {
 			continue
 		}
 		out = append(out, p)

core/cmd/dms/init_service.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/AvengeMedia/DankMaterialShell/core/internal/greeter"
 	"github.com/AvengeMedia/DankMaterialShell/core/internal/privesc"
 )
 
@@ -83,9 +84,31 @@ func ensureRunitSeat(greeterUser string) {
 	}
 }
 
-// ensureGreetdPamRundir adds pam_rundir to the greetd PAM stack so the post-login
-// session gets an XDG_RUNTIME_DIR on systems without logind (Void with seatd).
-// Appended outside DMS's managed auth block so it survives `dms greeter sync`.
+// ensureVoidLogindGreeter configures the elogind-backed greeter on Void.
+func ensureVoidLogindGreeter(greeterUser string) {
+	for _, service := range []string{"dbus", "elogind"} {
+		if err := enableRunitService(service); err != nil {
+			fmt.Printf("  ⚠ could not enable %s: %v\n", service, err)
+		} else {
+			fmt.Printf("  ✓ %s enabled\n", service)
+		}
+	}
+	greeter.EnsureVoidGreetdRunScript(func(msg string) { fmt.Println("  " + msg) }, "")
+	if runitServiceEnabled("seatd") {
+		if err := disableRunitService("seatd"); err != nil {
+			fmt.Printf("  ⚠ could not disable seatd: %v\n", err)
+		} else {
+			fmt.Println("  ✓ seatd disabled (elogind manages the seat)")
+		}
+	}
+	if err := privesc.Run(context.Background(), "", "usermod", "-aG", "video,input", greeterUser); err != nil {
+		fmt.Printf("  ⚠ could not add %s to video/input groups: %v\n", greeterUser, err)
+	} else {
+		fmt.Printf("  ✓ %s added to video/input groups (elogind manages the seat)\n", greeterUser)
+	}
+}
+
+// ensureGreetdPamRundir provides XDG_RUNTIME_DIR to runit greeter sessions.
 func ensureGreetdPamRundir() {
 	const pamPath = "/etc/pam.d/greetd"
 	data, err := os.ReadFile(pamPath)

core/cmd/dms/main.go

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ func init() {
 	runCmd.Flags().MarkHidden("daemon-child")
 
 	greeterCmd.AddCommand(greeterInstallCmd, greeterSyncCmd, greeterEnableCmd, greeterStatusCmd, greeterUninstallCmd, greeterLaunchSessionCmd)
-	authCmd.AddCommand(authSyncCmd)
+	authCmd.AddCommand(authSyncCmd, authResolveLockCmd, authListServicesCmd, authValidateCmd)
 	setupCmd.AddCommand(setupBindsCmd, setupLayoutCmd, setupColorsCmd, setupAlttabCmd, setupOutputsCmd, setupCursorCmd, setupWindowrulesCmd)
 	updateCmd.AddCommand(updateCheckCmd)
 	pluginsCmd.AddCommand(pluginsBrowseCmd, pluginsListCmd, pluginsInstallCmd, pluginsUninstallCmd, pluginsUpdateCmd)

core/cmd/dms/main_distro.go

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ func init() {
 	runCmd.Flags().MarkHidden("daemon-child")
 
 	greeterCmd.AddCommand(greeterInstallCmd, greeterSyncCmd, greeterEnableCmd, greeterStatusCmd, greeterUninstallCmd, greeterLaunchSessionCmd)
-	authCmd.AddCommand(authSyncCmd)
+	authCmd.AddCommand(authSyncCmd, authResolveLockCmd, authListServicesCmd, authValidateCmd)
 	setupCmd.AddCommand(setupBindsCmd, setupLayoutCmd, setupColorsCmd, setupAlttabCmd, setupOutputsCmd, setupCursorCmd, setupWindowrulesCmd)
 	pluginsCmd.AddCommand(pluginsBrowseCmd, pluginsListCmd, pluginsInstallCmd, pluginsUninstallCmd, pluginsUpdateCmd)
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(getCommonCommands()...)

core/cmd/dms/shell.go

@@ -92,6 +92,14 @@ func appendLogEnv(env []string) []string {
 	return env
 }
 
+func withDMSExecutable(env []string) []string {
+	selfPath, err := os.Executable()
+	if err != nil {
+		return env
+	}
+	return append(env, "DMS_EXECUTABLE="+selfPath)
+}
+
 func hasSystemdRun() bool {
 	_, err := exec.LookPath("systemd-run")
 	return err == nil
@@ -207,7 +215,7 @@ func runShellInteractive(session bool) {
 	log.Infof("Spawning quickshell with -p %s", configPath)
 
 	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "qs", "-p", configPath)
-	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), "DMS_SOCKET="+socketPath)
+	cmd.Env = withDMSExecutable(append(os.Environ(), "DMS_SOCKET="+socketPath))
 	if os.Getenv("QT_LOGGING_RULES") == "" {
 		if qtRules := log.GetQtLoggingRules(); qtRules != "" {
 			cmd.Env = append(cmd.Env, "QT_LOGGING_RULES="+qtRules)
@@ -461,7 +469,7 @@ func runShellDaemon(session bool) {
 	log.Infof("Spawning quickshell with -p %s", configPath)
 
 	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "qs", "-p", configPath)
-	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), "DMS_SOCKET="+socketPath)
+	cmd.Env = withDMSExecutable(append(os.Environ(), "DMS_SOCKET="+socketPath))
 	if os.Getenv("QT_LOGGING_RULES") == "" {
 		if qtRules := log.GetQtLoggingRules(); qtRules != "" {
 			cmd.Env = append(cmd.Env, "QT_LOGGING_RULES="+qtRules)

core/internal/config/embedded/hyprland.lua

@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ end)
 
 hl.config({
 	input = {
-		kb_layout = "us",
+		-- empty inherits XKB_DEFAULT_LAYOUT (libxkbcommon), falls back to "us"
+		kb_layout = "",
 		numlock_by_default = true,
 		follow_mouse = 0,
 		touchpad = {

core/internal/desktop/mimeapps.go

@@ -133,6 +133,11 @@ func mergedAssociations() *MimeAssociations {
 	return merged
 }
 
+// isSafeIniField rejects values that would corrupt a key=value line in mimeapps.list
+func isSafeIniField(s string) bool {
+	return !strings.ContainsAny(s, "\n\r[]")
+}
+
 func writeUserMimeapps(update func(*MimeAssociations)) error {
 	mimeappsWriteMu.Lock()
 	defer mimeappsWriteMu.Unlock()
@@ -152,6 +157,7 @@ func writeUserMimeapps(update func(*MimeAssociations)) error {
 	var buf bytes.Buffer
 	w := bufio.NewWriter(&buf)
 
+	var writeErr error
 	writeSection := func(name string, entries map[string]string) {
 		fmt.Fprintf(w, "[%s]\n", name)
 		keys := make([]string, 0, len(entries))
@@ -160,7 +166,14 @@ func writeUserMimeapps(update func(*MimeAssociations)) error {
 		}
 		sort.Strings(keys)
 		for _, k := range keys {
-			fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s=%s\n", k, entries[k])
+			v := entries[k]
+			if !isSafeIniField(k) || !isSafeIniField(v) {
+				if writeErr == nil {
+					writeErr = fmt.Errorf("invalid mimeapps.list field %q=%q", k, v)
+				}
+				continue
+			}
+			fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s=%s\n", k, v)
 		}
 		fmt.Fprintln(w)
 	}
@@ -177,6 +190,10 @@ func writeUserMimeapps(update func(*MimeAssociations)) error {
 	writeSection(groupAdded, flatten(assoc.Added))
 	writeSection(groupRemoved, flatten(assoc.Removed))
 
+	if writeErr != nil {
+		return writeErr
+	}
+
 	if err := w.Flush(); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

core/internal/distros/debian.go

@@ -161,7 +161,60 @@ func (d *DebianDistribution) getQuickshellMapping(variant deps.PackageVariant) P
 	if forceQuickshellGit || variant == deps.VariantGit {
 		return PackageMapping{Name: "quickshell-git", Repository: RepoTypeOBS, RepoURL: "home:AvengeMedia:danklinux"}
 	}
-	return PackageMapping{Name: "quickshell", Repository: RepoTypeOBS, RepoURL: "home:AvengeMedia:danklinux"}
+	// Debian 13 ships stable quickshell in trixie-backports only.
+	if d.debianNeedsQuickshellBackports() {
+		return PackageMapping{Name: "quickshell/trixie-backports", Repository: RepoTypeSystem}
+	}
+	return PackageMapping{Name: "quickshell", Repository: RepoTypeSystem}
+}
+
+func (d *DebianDistribution) debianNeedsQuickshellBackports() bool {
+	osInfo, err := GetOSInfo()
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return osInfo.VersionID == "13" || strings.EqualFold(osInfo.VersionCodename, "trixie")
+}
+
+func (d *DebianDistribution) ensureQuickshellBackports(ctx context.Context, systemPkgs []string, sudoPassword string, progressChan chan<- InstallProgressMsg) error {
+	needsBackports := false
+	for _, pkg := range systemPkgs {
+		if strings.Contains(pkg, "trixie-backports") {
+			needsBackports = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if !needsBackports {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	policyOut, err := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "apt-cache", "policy").Output()
+	if err == nil && strings.Contains(string(policyOut), "trixie-backports") {
+		d.log("trixie-backports already configured")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	listFile := "/etc/apt/sources.list.d/trixie-backports.list"
+	repoLine := "deb http://deb.debian.org/debian trixie-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware"
+
+	progressChan <- InstallProgressMsg{
+		Phase:       PhaseSystemPackages,
+		Progress:    0.30,
+		Step:        "Enabling trixie-backports for quickshell...",
+		IsComplete:  false,
+		NeedsSudo:   true,
+		CommandInfo: fmt.Sprintf("echo '%s' | sudo tee %s", repoLine, listFile),
+		LogOutput:   "Debian 13 ships quickshell in trixie-backports",
+	}
+
+	addCmd := privesc.ExecCommand(ctx, sudoPassword,
+		fmt.Sprintf("bash -c \"echo '%s' | tee %s\"", repoLine, listFile))
+	if err := d.runWithProgress(addCmd, progressChan, PhaseSystemPackages, 0.30, 0.31); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	updateCmd := privesc.ExecCommand(ctx, sudoPassword, "apt-get update")
+	return d.runWithProgress(updateCmd, progressChan, PhaseSystemPackages, 0.31, 0.33)
 }
 
 func (d *DebianDistribution) getNiriMapping(variant deps.PackageVariant) PackageMapping {
@@ -266,6 +319,10 @@ func (d *DebianDistribution) InstallPackages(ctx context.Context, dependencies [
 		}
 	}
 
+	if err := d.ensureQuickshellBackports(ctx, systemPkgs, sudoPassword, progressChan); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to enable trixie-backports for quickshell: %w", err)
+	}
+
 	// System Packages
 	if len(systemPkgs) > 0 {
 		progressChan <- InstallProgressMsg{

core/internal/distros/minimal_install.go

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ type minimalInstallGroup struct {
 
 func shouldPreferMinimalInstall(pkg string) bool {
 	switch pkg {
-	case "niri", "niri-git":
+	case "niri", "niri-git", "hyprland", "hyprland-git":
 		return true
 	default:
 		return false

core/internal/distros/void.go

@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ import (
 )
 
 const (
-	VoidDMSRepo       = "https://avengemedia.github.io/DankMaterialShell/current"
-	VoidDankLinuxRepo = "https://avengemedia.github.io/DankLinux/current"
+	VoidDMSRepo       = "https://void.danklinux.com/dms/current"
+	VoidDankLinuxRepo = "https://void.danklinux.com/danklinux/current"
 	VoidHyprlandRepo  = "https://mirror.black-hole.dev/x86_64"
 
 	voidRunitSvDir      = "/etc/sv"
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ func (v *VoidDistribution) DetectDependenciesWithTerminal(ctx context.Context, w
 	dependencies = append(dependencies, v.detectAccountsService())
 	dependencies = append(dependencies, v.detectDBus())
 	dependencies = append(dependencies, v.detectElogind())
+	dependencies = append(dependencies, v.detectMesaDri())
 
 	if wm == deps.WindowManagerHyprland {
 		dependencies = append(dependencies, v.detectHyprlandTools()...)
@@ -142,6 +143,10 @@ func (v *VoidDistribution) detectElogind() deps.Dependency {
 	return v.detectPackage("elogind", "loginctl/logind provider for power management and session tracking", v.packageInstalled("elogind") || v.commandExists("loginctl"))
 }
 
+func (v *VoidDistribution) detectMesaDri() deps.Dependency {
+	return v.detectPackage("mesa-dri", "Mesa DRI/EGL drivers (GPU rendering; compositors find no outputs without it)", v.packageInstalled("mesa-dri"))
+}
+
 func (v *VoidDistribution) detectXwaylandSatellite() deps.Dependency {
 	return v.detectPackage("xwayland-satellite", "Xwayland support", v.packageInstalled("xwayland-satellite"))
 }
@@ -172,6 +177,7 @@ func (v *VoidDistribution) GetPackageMappingWithVariants(wm deps.WindowManager,
 		"accountsservice":        {Name: "accountsservice", Repository: RepoTypeSystem},
 		"dbus":                   {Name: "dbus", Repository: RepoTypeSystem},
 		"elogind":                {Name: "elogind", Repository: RepoTypeSystem},
+		"mesa-dri":               {Name: "mesa-dri", Repository: RepoTypeSystem},
 
 		"quickshell":              {Name: "quickshell", Repository: RepoTypeSystem},
 		"matugen":                 {Name: "matugen", Repository: RepoTypeSystem},
@@ -305,6 +311,7 @@ func (v *VoidDistribution) ensureSessionServices(ctx context.Context, sudoPasswo
 		return nil
 	}
 
+	// D-Bus activation alone starts elogind without its wrapper mounts; the runit service is required.
 	for _, service := range []string{"dbus", "elogind"} {
 		if !v.runitServiceInstalled(service) {
 			v.log(fmt.Sprintf("Warning: %s runit service not found in %s; power/session actions may not work until %s is installed", service, voidRunitSvDir, service))

core/internal/geolocation/client_geoclue.go

@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ func (c *GeoClueClient) startSignalPump() error {
 	if err := c.dbusConn.AddMatchSignal(
 		dbus.WithMatchObjectPath(c.clientPath),
 		dbus.WithMatchInterface(dbusGeoClueClientInterface),
-		dbus.WithMatchSender(dbusGeoClueClientLocationUpdated),
+		dbus.WithMatchMember("LocationUpdated"),
 	); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

core/internal/greeter/installer.go

@@ -115,6 +115,52 @@ func ensureRunitSeat(greeterUser, sudoPassword string, logFunc func(string)) {
 	}
 }
 
+// VoidGreetdRunScript orders greetd after dbus/elogind so the first greeter session can't race elogind's runtime-dir setup.
+const VoidGreetdRunScript = `#!/bin/sh
+sv check dbus >/dev/null || exit 1
+sv check elogind >/dev/null || exit 1
+exec greetd
+`
+
+// EnsureVoidGreetdRunScript rewrites /etc/sv/greetd/run with dbus/elogind ordering (greetd updates restore stock; enable re-asserts).
+func EnsureVoidGreetdRunScript(logFunc func(string), sudoPassword string) {
+	const runPath = "/etc/sv/greetd/run"
+	if data, err := os.ReadFile(runPath); err == nil && strings.Contains(string(data), "sv check elogind") {
+		logFunc("✓ greetd run script already waits for elogind")
+		return
+	}
+	script := fmt.Sprintf("cat > %s <<'EOF'\n%sEOF\nchmod 755 %s", runPath, VoidGreetdRunScript, runPath)
+	if err := privesc.Run(context.Background(), sudoPassword, "sh", "-c", script); err != nil {
+		logFunc(fmt.Sprintf("⚠ could not update %s: %v", runPath, err))
+		return
+	}
+	logFunc("✓ greetd run script now waits for dbus/elogind")
+}
+
+// ensureVoidLogindGreeter configures the elogind-backed greeter on Void.
+func ensureVoidLogindGreeter(greeterUser, sudoPassword string, logFunc func(string)) {
+	for _, service := range []string{"dbus", "elogind"} {
+		if err := enableRunitService(service, sudoPassword); err != nil {
+			logFunc(fmt.Sprintf("⚠ could not enable %s: %v", service, err))
+		} else {
+			logFunc(fmt.Sprintf("✓ %s enabled", service))
+		}
+	}
+	EnsureVoidGreetdRunScript(logFunc, sudoPassword)
+	if runitServiceEnabled("seatd") {
+		if err := disableRunitService("seatd", sudoPassword); err != nil {
+			logFunc(fmt.Sprintf("⚠ could not disable seatd: %v", err))
+		} else {
+			logFunc("✓ seatd disabled (elogind manages the seat)")
+		}
+	}
+	if err := privesc.Run(context.Background(), sudoPassword, "usermod", "-aG", "video,input", greeterUser); err != nil {
+		logFunc(fmt.Sprintf("⚠ could not add %s to video/input groups: %v", greeterUser, err))
+	} else {
+		logFunc(fmt.Sprintf("✓ %s added to video/input groups (elogind manages the seat)", greeterUser))
+	}
+}
+
 func ensureGreetdPamRundir(sudoPassword string, logFunc func(string)) {
 	const pamPath = "/etc/pam.d/greetd"
 	data, err := os.ReadFile(pamPath)
@@ -483,11 +529,23 @@ func execFromDesktopFile(path string) (string, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
+	inDesktopEntry := false
 	for line := range strings.SplitSeq(string(data), "\n") {
 		trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(line)
-		if strings.HasPrefix(trimmed, "Exec=") {
-			return strings.TrimSpace(trimmed[len("Exec="):]), nil
+		switch {
+		case trimmed == "" || strings.HasPrefix(trimmed, "#"):
+			continue
+		case strings.HasPrefix(trimmed, "[") && strings.HasSuffix(trimmed, "]"):
+			inDesktopEntry = trimmed == "[Desktop Entry]"
+			continue
+		case !inDesktopEntry:
+			continue
 		}
+		key, value, found := strings.Cut(trimmed, "=")
+		if !found || strings.TrimSpace(key) != "Exec" {
+			continue
+		}
+		return strings.TrimSpace(value), nil
 	}
 	return "", fmt.Errorf("no Exec= line found in %s", path)
 }
@@ -990,7 +1048,7 @@ func TryInstallGreeterPackage(logFunc func(string), sudoPassword string) bool {
 		failHint = fmt.Sprintf("⚠ dms-greeter install failed. Install from AUR: %s -S greetd-dms-greeter-git", aurHelper)
 		installCmd = exec.CommandContext(ctx, aurHelper, "-S", "--noconfirm", "greetd-dms-greeter-git")
 	case distros.FamilyVoid:
-		failHint = "⚠ dms-greeter install failed. Add the DMS XBPS repo manually:\necho 'repository=https://avengemedia.github.io/DankMaterialShell/current' | sudo tee /etc/xbps.d/dms.conf\nsudo xbps-install -Sy dms-greeter"
+		failHint = "⚠ dms-greeter install failed. Add the DMS XBPS repo manually:\necho 'repository=https://void.danklinux.com/dms/current' | sudo tee /etc/xbps.d/dms.conf\nsudo xbps-install -Sy dms-greeter"
 		logFunc("Adding DMS XBPS repository...")
 		if err := ensureVoidXBPSRepo(ctx, sudoPassword, "dms", distros.VoidDMSRepo); err != nil {
 			logFunc(fmt.Sprintf("⚠ Failed to add DMS XBPS repository: %v", err))
@@ -1740,6 +1798,10 @@ func syncGreeterColorSource(homeDir, cacheDir string, state greeterThemeSyncStat
 }
 
 func SyncDMSConfigs(dmsPath, compositor string, logFunc func(string), sudoPassword string) error {
+	if err := EnsureVoidLogindGreetdCommand(logFunc, sudoPassword); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	homeDir, err := os.UserHomeDir()
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get user home directory: %w", err)
@@ -2271,13 +2333,7 @@ vt = 1
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read greetd config: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	wrapperCmd := resolveGreeterWrapperPath()
-
-	compositorLower := strings.ToLower(compositor)
-	commandValue := fmt.Sprintf("%s --command %s --cache-dir %s", wrapperCmd, compositorLower, GreeterCacheDir)
-	if dmsPath != "" {
-		commandValue = fmt.Sprintf("%s -p %s", commandValue, dmsPath)
-	}
+	commandValue := buildGreetdCommand(resolveGreeterWrapperPath(), compositor, dmsPath, IsVoidLinux())
 
 	commandLine := fmt.Sprintf(`command = "%s"`, commandValue)
 	newConfig := upsertDefaultSession(configContent, greeterUser, commandLine)
@@ -2289,6 +2345,84 @@ vt = 1
 	return nil
 }
 
+func buildGreetdCommand(wrapperCmd, compositor, dmsPath string, useVoidLogind bool) string {
+	commandValue := fmt.Sprintf("%s --command %s --cache-dir %s", wrapperCmd, strings.ToLower(compositor), GreeterCacheDir)
+	if dmsPath != "" {
+		commandValue = fmt.Sprintf("%s -p %s", commandValue, dmsPath)
+	}
+	if useVoidLogind {
+		commandValue = "env LIBSEAT_BACKEND=logind DMS_VOID=1 " + commandValue
+	}
+	return commandValue
+}
+
+// EnsureVoidLogindGreetdCommand migrates DMS greeter commands on Void.
+func EnsureVoidLogindGreetdCommand(logFunc func(string), sudoPassword string) error {
+	if !IsVoidLinux() {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	const configPath = "/etc/greetd/config.toml"
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(configPath)
+	if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read greetd config: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	configContent := string(data)
+	command := extractDefaultSessionCommand(configContent)
+	if command == "" || !strings.Contains(command, "dms-greeter") {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	migratedCommand := voidLogindGreeterCommand(command)
+	if migratedCommand == command {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	greeterUser := extractDefaultSessionUser(configContent)
+	if greeterUser == "" {
+		greeterUser = DetectGreeterUser()
+	}
+	newConfig := upsertDefaultSession(configContent, greeterUser, fmt.Sprintf(`command = "%s"`, migratedCommand))
+	return writeGreetdConfig(configPath, newConfig, logFunc, sudoPassword, "✓ Updated existing Void greeter to use elogind")
+}
+
+func extractDefaultSessionCommand(configContent string) string {
+	inDefaultSession := false
+	for line := range strings.SplitSeq(configContent, "\n") {
+		if section, ok := parseTomlSection(line); ok {
+			inDefaultSession = section == "default_session"
+			continue
+		}
+		if !inDefaultSession {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		trimmed := stripTomlComment(line)
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(trimmed, "command =") && !strings.HasPrefix(trimmed, "command=") {
+			continue
+		}
+		parts := strings.SplitN(trimmed, "=", 2)
+		if len(parts) != 2 {
+			continue
+		}
+		if command := strings.Trim(strings.TrimSpace(parts[1]), `"`); command != "" {
+			return command
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func voidLogindGreeterCommand(command string) string {
+	if strings.Contains(command, "LIBSEAT_BACKEND=logind") && strings.Contains(command, "DMS_VOID=1") {
+		return command
+	}
+	return "env LIBSEAT_BACKEND=logind DMS_VOID=1 " + command
+}
+
 func stripConfigFlag(command string) string {
 	for _, flag := range []string{" -C ", " --config "} {
 		idx := strings.Index(command, flag)
@@ -2430,7 +2564,11 @@ func EnableGreetd(sudoPassword string, logFunc func(string)) error {
 		if !runitServiceInstalled("greetd") {
 			return fmt.Errorf("greetd service not found in %s; ensure greetd is installed", runitSvDir)
 		}
+		if IsVoidLinux() {
+			ensureVoidLogindGreeter(DetectGreeterUser(), sudoPassword, logFunc)
+		} else {
 			ensureRunitSeat(DetectGreeterUser(), sudoPassword, logFunc)
+		}
 		ensureGreetdPamRundir(sudoPassword, logFunc)
 		if err := enableRunitService("greetd", sudoPassword); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to enable greetd: %w", err)

core/internal/greeter/installer_test.go

@@ -169,6 +169,56 @@ func TestStripDesktopExecCodes(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestBuildGreetdCommand(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name          string
+		wrapper       string
+		compositor    string
+		dmsPath       string
+		useVoidLogind bool
+		want          string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:       "standard command",
+			wrapper:    "/usr/bin/dms-greeter",
+			compositor: "Niri",
+			want:       "/usr/bin/dms-greeter --command niri --cache-dir /var/cache/dms-greeter",
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "void selects elogind and keeps custom DMS path",
+			wrapper:       "/usr/bin/dms-greeter",
+			compositor:    "Niri",
+			dmsPath:       "/usr/share/quickshell/dms-greeter",
+			useVoidLogind: true,
+			want:          "env LIBSEAT_BACKEND=logind DMS_VOID=1 /usr/bin/dms-greeter --command niri --cache-dir /var/cache/dms-greeter -p /usr/share/quickshell/dms-greeter",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+			if got := buildGreetdCommand(tt.wrapper, tt.compositor, tt.dmsPath, tt.useVoidLogind); got != tt.want {
+				t.Fatalf("buildGreetdCommand() = %q, want %q", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestVoidLogindGreeterCommand(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	const oldCommand = "/usr/bin/dms-greeter --command niri -C /etc/greetd/niri.kdl"
+	const want = "env LIBSEAT_BACKEND=logind DMS_VOID=1 " + oldCommand
+	if got := voidLogindGreeterCommand(oldCommand); got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("voidLogindGreeterCommand() = %q, want %q", got, want)
+	}
+	if got := voidLogindGreeterCommand(want); got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("voidLogindGreeterCommand() must be idempotent, got %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestResolveGreeterAutoLoginState(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 

core/internal/greeter/session_launcher.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package greeter
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
+	"os/exec"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"syscall"
@@ -93,18 +94,95 @@ func resolveSessionExecInDirs(sessionID string, dirs []string) (string, error) {
 	return "", fmt.Errorf("session desktop file %q was not found", id)
 }
 
+// parseExecString splits a Desktop Entry Exec= value into argv without
+// involving a shell, mirroring quickshell's DesktopEntry::parseExecString
+// (string quoting, value escapes, field code stripping).
+func parseExecString(execLine string) []string {
+	var args []string
+	var cur strings.Builder
+	inString := false
+	escape := 0
+	percent := false
+
+	for _, c := range execLine {
+		switch {
+		case escape == 0 && c == '\\':
+			escape = 1
+		case inString:
+			switch {
+			case c == '\\':
+				escape++
+				if escape == 4 {
+					cur.WriteByte('\\')
+					escape = 0
+				}
+			case escape == 2:
+				cur.WriteRune(c)
+				escape = 0
+			case escape != 0:
+				switch c {
+				case 's':
+					cur.WriteByte(' ')
+				case 'n':
+					cur.WriteByte('\n')
+				case 't':
+					cur.WriteByte('\t')
+				case 'r':
+					cur.WriteByte('\r')
+				default:
+					cur.WriteRune(c)
+				}
+				escape = 0
+			case c == '"' || c == '\'':
+				inString = false
+			default:
+				cur.WriteRune(c)
+			}
+		case escape != 0:
+			cur.WriteRune(c)
+			escape = 0
+		case percent:
+			if c == '%' {
+				cur.WriteByte('%')
+			}
+			percent = false
+		case c == '%':
+			percent = true
+		case c == '"' || c == '\'':
+			inString = true
+		case c == ' ':
+			if cur.Len() > 0 {
+				args = append(args, cur.String())
+				cur.Reset()
+			}
+		default:
+			cur.WriteRune(c)
+		}
+	}
+	if cur.Len() > 0 {
+		args = append(args, cur.String())
+	}
+	return args
+}
+
 func LaunchSessionByID(sessionID string) error {
 	execLine, err := ResolveSessionExec(sessionID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	execLine = strings.TrimSpace(stripDesktopExecCodes(execLine))
-	if execLine == "" {
+
+	argv := parseExecString(strings.TrimSpace(execLine))
+	if len(argv) == 0 {
 		return fmt.Errorf("session %q has an empty Exec command", sessionID)
 	}
 
+	resolved, err := exec.LookPath(argv[0])
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("session %q command %q not found: %w", sessionID, argv[0], err)
+	}
+
 	env := append(os.Environ(), "XDG_SESSION_TYPE=wayland")
-	return syscall.Exec("/bin/sh", []string{"sh", "-c", "exec " + execLine}, env)
+	return syscall.Exec(resolved, argv, env)
 }
 
 func LaunchSessionFromMemory(cacheDir, homeDir string) error {

core/internal/greeter/session_launcher_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+package greeter
+
+import (
+	"path/filepath"
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestParseExecString(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		exec string
+		want []string
+	}{
+		{"plain", "niri --session", []string{"niri", "--session"}},
+		{"extra spaces", "niri   --session", []string{"niri", "--session"}},
+		{"double quoted arg", `env "with space" run`, []string{"env", "with space", "run"}},
+		{"single quoted arg", `env 'with space' run`, []string{"env", "with space", "run"}},
+		{"escaped quote in quotes", `sh "say \\"hi\\""`, []string{"sh", `say "hi"`}},
+		{"field code dropped", "gnome-session %U", []string{"gnome-session"}},
+		{"field code mid-arg", "app --url=%u --run", []string{"app", "--url=", "--run"}},
+		{"literal percent", "app 100%% done", []string{"app", "100%", "done"}},
+		{"shell metachars stay literal", "sh -c $(reboot); echo", []string{"sh", "-c", "$(reboot);", "echo"}},
+		{"empty", "", nil},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := parseExecString(tt.exec); !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tt.want) {
+				t.Fatalf("parseExecString(%q) = %#v, want %#v", tt.exec, got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExecFromDesktopFileOnlyReadsDesktopEntryGroup(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "example.desktop")
+	writeTestFile(t, path, `[Desktop Action other]
+Exec=/wrong/binary
+
+[Desktop Entry]
+Name=Example
+Exec = /right/binary --flag
+`)
+
+	got, err := execFromDesktopFile(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("execFromDesktopFile returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if got != "/right/binary --flag" {
+		t.Fatalf("execFromDesktopFile = %q, want %q", got, "/right/binary --flag")
+	}
+}

core/internal/keybinds/providers/hyprland.go

@@ -299,6 +299,9 @@ type hyprlandOverrideBind struct {
 	Options     map[string]any
 	// Unbind: negative override (hl.unbind only, no rebind).
 	Unbind bool
+	// RawLuaAction: Action is a custom hl.* Lua expression round-tripped from an
+	// existing Lua override; re-emit it verbatim instead of quoting it.
+	RawLuaAction bool
 }
 
 func (h *HyprlandProvider) ensureWritableConfig() error {
@@ -1046,18 +1049,26 @@ func luaActionStringFromHyprlangAction(action string) string {
 	if expr, ok := luaActionStringFromKnownHyprlandAction(action); ok {
 		return expr
 	}
-	return action
+	// Unrecognized dispatchers are freeform text, not Lua; forward them to
+	// hyprctl quoted so a stray `"` can't produce broken Lua output.
+	return luaHyprctlDispatchFunction(action)
 }
 
-func luaExprToInternalAction(expr string) string {
+// luaExprToInternalAction converts a parsed Lua bind expression back into
+// "dispatcher params" text. isRawLua reports that expr matched no known hl.*
+// shape and must be re-emitted verbatim as Lua on write-back.
+func luaExprToInternalAction(expr string) (action string, isRawLua bool) {
 	d, p := luaExprToDispatcherParams(expr)
+	if d == expr && p == "" {
+		return expr, true
+	}
 	if d == "exec" && p != "" && !strings.HasPrefix(p, "hyprctl dispatch lua:") {
-		return "exec " + p
+		return "exec " + p, false
 	}
 	if p != "" {
-		return d + " " + p
+		return d + " " + p, false
 	}
-	return d
+	return d, false
 }
 
 func luaBindOptions(bind *hyprlandOverrideBind) []string {
@@ -1075,20 +1086,25 @@ func luaBindOptions(bind *hyprlandOverrideBind) []string {
 }
 
 func writeLuaBindLine(sb *strings.Builder, bind *hyprlandOverrideBind) {
-	key := formatLuaBindKey(bind.Key)
+	key := strconv.Quote(formatLuaBindKey(bind.Key))
 	if bind.Unbind {
-		fmt.Fprintf(sb, `hl.unbind("%s")`, key)
+		fmt.Fprintf(sb, `hl.unbind(%s)`, key)
 		sb.WriteByte('\n')
 		return
 	}
-	expr := luaActionStringFromHyprlangAction(bind.Action)
+	var expr string
+	if bind.RawLuaAction {
+		expr = bind.Action
+	} else {
+		expr = luaActionStringFromHyprlangAction(bind.Action)
+	}
 	opts := luaBindOptions(bind)
-	fmt.Fprintf(sb, `hl.unbind("%s")`, key)
+	fmt.Fprintf(sb, `hl.unbind(%s)`, key)
 	sb.WriteByte('\n')
 	if len(opts) > 0 {
-		fmt.Fprintf(sb, `hl.bind("%s", %s, { %s })`, key, expr, strings.Join(opts, ", "))
+		fmt.Fprintf(sb, `hl.bind(%s, %s, { %s })`, key, expr, strings.Join(opts, ", "))
 	} else {
-		fmt.Fprintf(sb, `hl.bind("%s", %s)`, key, expr)
+		fmt.Fprintf(sb, `hl.bind(%s, %s)`, key, expr)
 	}
 	sb.WriteByte('\n')
 }
@@ -1104,7 +1120,7 @@ func parseLuaBindOverrideLine(line string) (*hyprlandOverrideBind, bool) {
 	}
 	internalKey := luaKeyComboToInternalKey(kbc)
 
-	action := luaExprToInternalAction(actionExpr)
+	action, isRawLua := luaExprToInternalAction(actionExpr)
 	flags := luaBindOptFlags(optSuffix)
 	description := luaBindOptDescription(optSuffix)
 	if description == "" {
@@ -1115,6 +1131,7 @@ func parseLuaBindOverrideLine(line string) (*hyprlandOverrideBind, bool) {
 		Action:       action,
 		Description:  description,
 		Flags:        flags,
+		RawLuaAction: isRawLua,
 	}, true
 }
 

core/internal/keybinds/providers/hyprland_parser_test.go

@@ -150,6 +150,7 @@ func TestWriteLuaBindLineLeavesCustomLuaDispatcherRaw(t *testing.T) {
 		Key:          "Super+u",
 		Action:       "hl.dsp.no_op()",
 		Description:  "Custom Lua",
+		RawLuaAction: true,
 	})
 
 	want := `hl.unbind("SUPER + U")
@@ -159,6 +160,24 @@ hl.bind("SUPER + U", hl.dsp.no_op(), { description = "Custom Lua" })`
 	}
 }
 
+func TestWriteLuaBindLineQuotesUnrecognizedActionWithoutRawLuaFlag(t *testing.T) {
+	var sb strings.Builder
+	writeLuaBindLine(&sb, &hyprlandOverrideBind{
+		Key:    "Super+u",
+		Action: `customdispatcher "),os.execute("id")--`,
+	})
+
+	got := sb.String()
+	if !strings.Contains(got, "hl.exec_cmd(") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected unrecognized action to go through the hyprctl-dispatch wrapper, got %q", got)
+	}
+	// an unpaired bare quote means the action broke out of its string literal
+	withoutEscapedQuotes := strings.ReplaceAll(got, `\"`, "")
+	if n := strings.Count(withoutEscapedQuotes, `"`); n%2 != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("action broke out of its string literal (%d unpaired quotes): %q", n, got)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestLuaActionStringFromHyprlangActionUsesNativeDispatchers(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		action string
@@ -226,15 +245,12 @@ func TestParseLuaBindLineHandlesFunctionDispatcherFallback(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestLuaActionStringLeavesCustomLuaDispatcherRaw(t *testing.T) {
+func TestLuaActionStringFromHyprlangActionAlwaysQuotesUnrecognizedText(t *testing.T) {
 	got := luaActionStringFromHyprlangAction("hl.dsp.no_op()")
-	want := `hl.dsp.no_op()`
+	want := `function() hl.exec_cmd("hyprctl dispatch hl.dsp.no_op()") end`
 	if got != want {
 		t.Fatalf("luaActionStringFromHyprlangAction() = %q, want %q", got, want)
 	}
-	if strings.Contains(got, "hl.dispatch") || strings.Contains(got, "hyprctl dispatch") {
-		t.Fatalf("expected custom Lua dispatcher expression to stay raw, got %q", got)
-	}
 }
 
 func TestReadLuaOverrideMigratesTrailingCommentToDescription(t *testing.T) {

core/internal/log/log.go

@@ -124,7 +124,9 @@ func GetLogger() *Logger {
 		logger = &Logger{base}
 
 		if path := os.Getenv("DMS_LOG_FILE"); path != "" {
-			_ = SetLogFile(path)
+			logMu.Lock()
+			_ = setLogFile(logger, path)
+			logMu.Unlock()
 		}
 	})
 	return logger
@@ -145,15 +147,18 @@ func SetLevel(level string) {
 // profile when stderr is a TTY and route the file through ansiStripWriter so
 // the file stays plain while stderr keeps its colors.
 func SetLogFile(path string) error {
+	l := GetLogger()
 	logMu.Lock()
 	defer logMu.Unlock()
+	return setLogFile(l, path)
+}
 
+func setLogFile(l *Logger, path string) error {
 	if logFile != nil {
 		logFile.Close()
 		logFile = nil
 	}
 
-	l := GetLogger()
 	if path == "" {
 		l.SetOutput(logStderr)
 		applyColorProfile(l, logStderr)

core/internal/matugen/matugen.go

@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ type TemplateDef struct {
 	ID                 string
 	Commands           []string
 	Flatpaks           []string
+	ConfigDirs         []string
 	ConfigFile         string
 	Kind               TemplateKind
 	RunUnconditionally bool
@@ -60,9 +61,9 @@ var templateRegistry = []TemplateDef{
 	{ID: "firefox", Commands: []string{"firefox"}, ConfigFile: "firefox.toml"},
 	{ID: "pywalfox", Commands: []string{"pywalfox"}, ConfigFile: "pywalfox.toml"},
 	{ID: "zenbrowser", Commands: []string{"zen", "zen-browser", "zen-beta", "zen-twilight"}, Flatpaks: []string{"app.zen_browser.zen"}, ConfigFile: "zenbrowser.toml"},
-	{ID: "vesktop", Commands: []string{"vesktop"}, Flatpaks: []string{"dev.vencord.Vesktop"}, ConfigFile: "vesktop.toml"},
-	{ID: "vencord", Commands: []string{"discord", "Discord", "discord-canary", "DiscordCanary"}, Flatpaks: []string{"com.discordapp.Discord", "com.discordapp.DiscordCanary"}, ConfigFile: "vencord.toml"},
-	{ID: "equibop", Commands: []string{"equibop"}, ConfigFile: "equibop.toml"},
+	{ID: "vesktop", Commands: []string{"vesktop"}, Flatpaks: []string{"dev.vencord.Vesktop"}, ConfigDirs: []string{"vesktop"}, ConfigFile: "vesktop.toml"},
+	{ID: "vencord", Commands: []string{"discord", "Discord", "discord-canary", "DiscordCanary"}, Flatpaks: []string{"com.discordapp.Discord", "com.discordapp.DiscordCanary"}, ConfigDirs: []string{"Vencord"}, ConfigFile: "vencord.toml"},
+	{ID: "equibop", Commands: []string{"equibop"}, ConfigDirs: []string{"equibop"}, ConfigFile: "equibop.toml"},
 	{ID: "ghostty", Commands: []string{"ghostty"}, ConfigFile: "ghostty.toml", Kind: TemplateKindTerminal},
 	{ID: "kitty", Commands: []string{"kitty"}, ConfigFile: "kitty.toml", Kind: TemplateKindTerminal},
 	{ID: "foot", Commands: []string{"foot"}, ConfigFile: "foot.toml", Kind: TemplateKindTerminal},
@@ -260,15 +261,15 @@ func Run(opts Options) error {
 		return buildErr
 	}
 
+	if opts.SyncModeWithPortal {
+		syncColorScheme(opts.Mode)
+	}
+
 	if !changed {
 		log.Info("No color changes detected, skipping refresh")
 		return ErrNoChanges
 	}
 
-	if opts.SyncModeWithPortal {
-		syncColorScheme(opts.Mode)
-	}
-
 	log.Info("Done")
 	return nil
 }
@@ -459,9 +460,9 @@ output_path = '%s'
 		case TemplateKindGTK:
 			switch opts.Mode {
 			case ColorModeLight:
-				appendConfig(opts, cfgFile, nil, nil, "gtk3-light.toml")
+				appendConfig(opts, cfgFile, nil, nil, nil, "gtk3-light.toml")
 			default:
-				appendConfig(opts, cfgFile, nil, nil, "gtk3-dark.toml")
+				appendConfig(opts, cfgFile, nil, nil, nil, "gtk3-dark.toml")
 			}
 		case TemplateKindTerminal:
 			appendTerminalConfig(opts, cfgFile, tmpDir, tmpl.Commands, tmpl.Flatpaks, tmpl.ConfigFile)
@@ -474,10 +475,10 @@ output_path = '%s'
 			appendVSCodeConfig(cfgFile, "vscode-insiders", filepath.Join(homeDir, ".vscode-insiders/extensions"), opts.ShellDir)
 		case TemplateKindEmacs:
 			if utils.EmacsConfigDir() != "" {
-				appendConfig(opts, cfgFile, tmpl.Commands, tmpl.Flatpaks, tmpl.ConfigFile)
+				appendConfig(opts, cfgFile, tmpl.Commands, tmpl.Flatpaks, tmpl.ConfigDirs, tmpl.ConfigFile)
 			}
 		default:
-			appendConfig(opts, cfgFile, tmpl.Commands, tmpl.Flatpaks, tmpl.ConfigFile)
+			appendConfig(opts, cfgFile, tmpl.Commands, tmpl.Flatpaks, tmpl.ConfigDirs, tmpl.ConfigFile)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -512,13 +513,14 @@ func appendConfig(
 	cfgFile *os.File,
 	checkCmd []string,
 	checkFlatpaks []string,
+	checkConfigDirs []string,
 	fileName string,
 ) {
 	configPath := filepath.Join(opts.ShellDir, "matugen", "configs", fileName)
 	if _, err := os.Stat(configPath); err != nil {
 		return
 	}
-	if !appExists(opts.AppChecker, checkCmd, checkFlatpaks) {
+	if !appExists(opts.AppChecker, checkCmd, checkFlatpaks) && !configDirExists(checkConfigDirs) {
 		return
 	}
 	data, err := os.ReadFile(configPath)
@@ -599,6 +601,20 @@ func templateSessionActive(tmpl TemplateDef) bool {
 	return err == nil
 }
 
+func configDirExists(names []string) bool {
+	configHome := utils.XDGConfigHome()
+	if configHome == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, name := range names {
+		info, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(configHome, name))
+		if err == nil && info.IsDir() {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 func appExists(checker utils.AppChecker, checkCmd []string, checkFlatpaks []string) bool {
 	// Both nil is treated as "skip check" / unconditionally run
 	if checkCmd == nil && checkFlatpaks == nil {
@@ -1006,6 +1022,13 @@ func syncColorScheme(mode ColorMode) {
 		scheme = "default"
 	}
 
+	if cur, err := utils.GsettingsGet("org.gnome.desktop.interface", "color-scheme"); err == nil {
+		cur = strings.Trim(cur, "'")
+		if cur == scheme || (mode == ColorModeLight && cur == "prefer-light") {
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
 	if err := utils.GsettingsSet("org.gnome.desktop.interface", "color-scheme", scheme); err != nil {
 		log.Warnf("Failed to sync color-scheme: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -1089,7 +1112,7 @@ func CheckTemplates(checker utils.AppChecker) []TemplateCheck {
 		case tmpl.Kind == TemplateKindEmacs:
 			detected = appExists(checker, tmpl.Commands, tmpl.Flatpaks) && utils.EmacsConfigDir() != ""
 		default:
-			detected = appExists(checker, tmpl.Commands, tmpl.Flatpaks) && templateSessionActive(tmpl)
+			detected = (appExists(checker, tmpl.Commands, tmpl.Flatpaks) || configDirExists(tmpl.ConfigDirs)) && templateSessionActive(tmpl)
 		}
 
 		checks = append(checks, TemplateCheck{ID: tmpl.ID, Detected: detected})

core/internal/matugen/matugen_test.go

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ func TestAppendConfigBinaryExists(t *testing.T) {
 
 	opts := &Options{ShellDir: shellDir, AppChecker: mockChecker}
 
-	appendConfig(opts, cfgFile, []string{"sh"}, nil, "test.toml")
+	appendConfig(opts, cfgFile, []string{"sh"}, nil, nil, "test.toml")
 
 	cfgFile.Close()
 	output, err := os.ReadFile(outFile)
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ func TestAppendConfigBinaryDoesNotExist(t *testing.T) {
 
 	opts := &Options{ShellDir: shellDir, AppChecker: mockChecker}
 
-	appendConfig(opts, cfgFile, []string{"nonexistent-binary-12345"}, []string{}, "test.toml")
+	appendConfig(opts, cfgFile, []string{"nonexistent-binary-12345"}, []string{}, nil, "test.toml")
 
 	cfgFile.Close()
 	output, err := os.ReadFile(outFile)
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ func TestAppendConfigFlatpakExists(t *testing.T) {
 
 	opts := &Options{ShellDir: shellDir, AppChecker: mockChecker}
 
-	appendConfig(opts, cfgFile, nil, []string{"app.zen_browser.zen"}, "test.toml")
+	appendConfig(opts, cfgFile, nil, []string{"app.zen_browser.zen"}, nil, "test.toml")
 
 	cfgFile.Close()
 	output, err := os.ReadFile(outFile)
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ func TestAppendConfigFlatpakDoesNotExist(t *testing.T) {
 
 	opts := &Options{ShellDir: shellDir, AppChecker: mockChecker}
 
-	appendConfig(opts, cfgFile, []string{}, []string{"com.nonexistent.flatpak"}, "test.toml")
+	appendConfig(opts, cfgFile, []string{}, []string{"com.nonexistent.flatpak"}, nil, "test.toml")
 
 	cfgFile.Close()
 	output, err := os.ReadFile(outFile)
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ func TestAppendConfigBothExist(t *testing.T) {
 
 	opts := &Options{ShellDir: shellDir, AppChecker: mockChecker}
 
-	appendConfig(opts, cfgFile, []string{"sh"}, []string{"app.zen_browser.zen"}, "test.toml")
+	appendConfig(opts, cfgFile, []string{"sh"}, []string{"app.zen_browser.zen"}, nil, "test.toml")
 
 	cfgFile.Close()
 	output, err := os.ReadFile(outFile)
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ func TestAppendConfigNeitherExists(t *testing.T) {
 
 	opts := &Options{ShellDir: shellDir, AppChecker: mockChecker}
 
-	appendConfig(opts, cfgFile, []string{"nonexistent-binary-12345"}, []string{"com.nonexistent.flatpak"}, "test.toml")
+	appendConfig(opts, cfgFile, []string{"nonexistent-binary-12345"}, []string{"com.nonexistent.flatpak"}, nil, "test.toml")
 
 	cfgFile.Close()
 	output, err := os.ReadFile(outFile)
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ func TestAppendConfigNoChecks(t *testing.T) {
 
 	opts := &Options{ShellDir: shellDir}
 
-	appendConfig(opts, cfgFile, nil, nil, "test.toml")
+	appendConfig(opts, cfgFile, nil, nil, nil, "test.toml")
 
 	cfgFile.Close()
 	output, err := os.ReadFile(outFile)
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ func TestAppendConfigFileDoesNotExist(t *testing.T) {
 
 	opts := &Options{ShellDir: shellDir}
 
-	appendConfig(opts, cfgFile, nil, nil, "nonexistent.toml")
+	appendConfig(opts, cfgFile, nil, nil, nil, "nonexistent.toml")
 
 	cfgFile.Close()
 	output, err := os.ReadFile(outFile)
@@ -487,3 +487,90 @@ func TestBuildMergedConfigSkipsMangowcWithoutActiveSession(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	assert.NotContains(t, string(output), "[templates.dmsmango]")
 }
+
+func TestAppendConfigConfigDirExists(t *testing.T) {
+	tempDir := t.TempDir()
+
+	shellDir := filepath.Join(tempDir, "shell")
+	configsDir := filepath.Join(shellDir, "matugen", "configs")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(configsDir, 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to create configs dir: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	testConfig := "vencord config content"
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(configsDir, "vencord.toml"), []byte(testConfig), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to write config: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	configHome := filepath.Join(tempDir, "config")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(configHome, "Vencord"), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to create Vencord config dir: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Setenv("XDG_CONFIG_HOME", configHome)
+
+	outFile := filepath.Join(tempDir, "output.toml")
+	cfgFile, err := os.Create(outFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to create output file: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer cfgFile.Close()
+
+	mockChecker := mocks_utils.NewMockAppChecker(t)
+	mockChecker.EXPECT().AnyCommandExists("nonexistent-binary-12345").Return(false)
+	mockChecker.EXPECT().AnyFlatpakExists("com.nonexistent.flatpak").Return(false)
+
+	opts := &Options{ShellDir: shellDir, AppChecker: mockChecker}
+
+	appendConfig(opts, cfgFile, []string{"nonexistent-binary-12345"}, []string{"com.nonexistent.flatpak"}, []string{"Vencord"}, "vencord.toml")
+
+	cfgFile.Close()
+	output, err := os.ReadFile(outFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to read output: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	assert.Equal(t, testConfig+"\n", string(output))
+}
+
+func TestAppendConfigConfigDirDoesNotExist(t *testing.T) {
+	tempDir := t.TempDir()
+
+	shellDir := filepath.Join(tempDir, "shell")
+	configsDir := filepath.Join(shellDir, "matugen", "configs")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(configsDir, 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to create configs dir: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(configsDir, "vencord.toml"), []byte("vencord config content"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to write config: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	configHome := filepath.Join(tempDir, "config")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(configHome, 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to create config home: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Setenv("XDG_CONFIG_HOME", configHome)
+
+	outFile := filepath.Join(tempDir, "output.toml")
+	cfgFile, err := os.Create(outFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to create output file: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer cfgFile.Close()
+
+	mockChecker := mocks_utils.NewMockAppChecker(t)
+	mockChecker.EXPECT().AnyCommandExists("nonexistent-binary-12345").Return(false)
+	mockChecker.EXPECT().AnyFlatpakExists("com.nonexistent.flatpak").Return(false)
+
+	opts := &Options{ShellDir: shellDir, AppChecker: mockChecker}
+
+	appendConfig(opts, cfgFile, []string{"nonexistent-binary-12345"}, []string{"com.nonexistent.flatpak"}, []string{"Vencord"}, "vencord.toml")
+
+	cfgFile.Close()
+	output, err := os.ReadFile(outFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to read output: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	assert.Empty(t, string(output))
+}

core/internal/pam/pam.go

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/AvengeMedia/DankMaterialShell/core/internal/distros"
 	"github.com/AvengeMedia/DankMaterialShell/core/internal/privesc"
+	"github.com/AvengeMedia/DankMaterialShell/core/internal/utils"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -32,6 +33,32 @@ const (
 	DankshellU2FPamPath = "/etc/pam.d/dankshell-u2f"
 )
 
+// lockscreenPamEntryCandidates are the /etc/pam.d entry-point services tried in
+// order. "login" is first so systems that ship it behave exactly as before; the
+// rest cover distros (or minimal installs) with no /etc/pam.d/login.
+// lockscreenPamBaseDirs mirrors libpam's search order: /etc overrides, then the
+// vendor dir (/usr/lib) and the stateless-distro default (/usr/share).
+var lockscreenPamBaseDirs = []string{"/etc/pam.d", "/usr/lib/pam.d", "/usr/share/pam.d"}
+
+// Standalone auth+account services, most universal first. login exists almost
+// everywhere (util-linux); system-* cover Fedora/Arch/Gentoo/SUSE-Leap.
+var lockscreenPamEntryCandidates = []string{
+	"login",
+	"system-auth",
+	"system-login",
+	"system-local-login",
+}
+
+// Fallback for distros with no standalone login service, only shared building
+// blocks: openSUSE/Debian (common-*), Alpine/postmarketOS (base-*).
+var lockscreenPamSharedIncludePairs = []struct {
+	auth    string
+	account string
+}{
+	{auth: "common-auth", account: "common-account"},
+	{auth: "base-auth", account: "base-account"},
+}
+
 var includedPamAuthFiles = []string{
 	"system-auth",
 	"common-auth",
@@ -47,6 +74,7 @@ type AuthSettings struct {
 	EnableU2f                   bool `json:"enableU2f"`
 	GreeterEnableFprint         bool `json:"greeterEnableFprint"`
 	GreeterEnableU2f            bool `json:"greeterEnableU2f"`
+	GreeterPamExternallyManaged bool `json:"greeterPamExternallyManaged"`
 }
 
 type SyncAuthOptions struct {
@@ -75,10 +103,50 @@ type lockscreenPamIncludeDirective struct {
 }
 
 type lockscreenPamResolver struct {
-	pamDir   string
+	baseDirs []string
 	readFile func(string) ([]byte, error)
 }
 
+// locate resolves a service/include name across baseDirs (libpam vendor-dir
+// fallback). Targets may not escape the base dirs.
+func (r lockscreenPamResolver) locate(target string) (string, error) {
+	target = strings.TrimSpace(target)
+	if target == "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("empty PAM include target")
+	}
+
+	if filepath.IsAbs(target) {
+		clean := filepath.Clean(target)
+		for _, dir := range r.baseDirs {
+			if filepath.Dir(clean) == filepath.Clean(dir) {
+				return clean, nil
+			}
+		}
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("unsupported PAM include outside PAM dirs: %s", target)
+	}
+
+	clean := filepath.Clean(target)
+	if clean == "." || clean == ".." || strings.HasPrefix(clean, ".."+string(os.PathSeparator)) {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid PAM include target: %s", target)
+	}
+
+	var firstErr error
+	for _, dir := range r.baseDirs {
+		path := filepath.Join(filepath.Clean(dir), clean)
+		if _, err := r.readFile(path); err != nil {
+			if firstErr == nil {
+				firstErr = err
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		return path, nil
+	}
+	if firstErr == nil {
+		firstErr = os.ErrNotExist
+	}
+	return "", firstErr
+}
+
 func defaultSyncDeps() syncDeps {
 	return syncDeps{
 		pamDir:           "/etc/pam.d",
@@ -169,6 +237,14 @@ func syncAuthConfigWithDeps(logFunc func(string), sudoPassword string, options S
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to inspect %s: %w", deps.greetdPath, err)
 	}
 
+	if settings.GreeterPamExternallyManaged {
+		if err := removeManagedGreeterPamBlockWithDeps(logFunc, sudoPassword, deps); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		logFunc("ℹ /etc/pam.d/greetd is externally managed. Skipping DMS greeter PAM sync.")
+		return nil
+	}
+
 	if err := syncGreeterPamConfigWithDeps(logFunc, sudoPassword, settings, options.ForceGreeterAuth, deps); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -375,32 +451,10 @@ func parseLockscreenPamIncludeDirective(trimmed string, inheritedFilter string)
 	return lockscreenPamIncludeDirective{}, false
 }
 
-func resolveLockscreenPamIncludePath(pamDir, target string) (string, error) {
-	if strings.TrimSpace(target) == "" {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("empty PAM include target")
-	}
-
-	cleanPamDir := filepath.Clean(pamDir)
-	if filepath.IsAbs(target) {
-		cleanTarget := filepath.Clean(target)
-		if filepath.Dir(cleanTarget) != cleanPamDir {
-			return "", fmt.Errorf("unsupported PAM include outside %s: %s", cleanPamDir, target)
-		}
-		return cleanTarget, nil
-	}
-
-	cleanTarget := filepath.Clean(target)
-	if cleanTarget == "." || cleanTarget == ".." || strings.HasPrefix(cleanTarget, ".."+string(os.PathSeparator)) {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid PAM include target: %s", target)
-	}
-
-	return filepath.Join(cleanPamDir, cleanTarget), nil
-}
-
 func (r lockscreenPamResolver) resolveService(serviceName string, filterType string, stack []string) ([]string, error) {
-	path, err := resolveLockscreenPamIncludePath(r.pamDir, serviceName)
+	path, err := r.locate(serviceName)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read PAM file %s: %w", serviceName, err)
 	}
 
 	for _, seen := range stack {
@@ -458,30 +512,74 @@ func (r lockscreenPamResolver) resolveService(serviceName string, filterType str
 	return resolved, nil
 }
 
-func buildManagedLockscreenPamContent(pamDir string, readFile func(string) ([]byte, error)) (string, error) {
-	resolver := lockscreenPamResolver{
-		pamDir:   pamDir,
-		readFile: readFile,
+func resolvedLinesHaveAuth(lines []string) bool {
+	for _, line := range lines {
+		if pamDirectiveType(strings.TrimSpace(line)) == "auth" {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (r lockscreenPamResolver) resolveLines() ([]string, error) {
+	var lastErr error
+
+	// Standalone login-like services: an existing one is authoritative.
+	for _, service := range lockscreenPamEntryCandidates {
+		if _, err := r.locate(service); err != nil {
+			lastErr = err
+			continue
+		}
+		lines, err := r.resolveService(service, "", nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if !resolvedLinesHaveAuth(lines) {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("no auth directives remained after filtering %s", service)
+		}
+		return lines, nil
 	}
 
-	resolvedLines, err := resolver.resolveService("login", "", nil)
+	// Shared building blocks for distros without a login service (openSUSE,
+	// Alpine): stitch the auth stanza to the account stanza when present.
+	for _, pair := range lockscreenPamSharedIncludePairs {
+		if _, err := r.locate(pair.auth); err != nil {
+			lastErr = err
+			continue
+		}
+		authLines, err := r.resolveService(pair.auth, "auth", nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if !resolvedLinesHaveAuth(authLines) {
+			lastErr = fmt.Errorf("no auth directives remained after filtering %s", pair.auth)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		resolved := append([]string{}, authLines...)
+		if _, err := r.locate(pair.account); err == nil {
+			acctLines, err := r.resolveService(pair.account, "account", nil)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			resolved = append(resolved, acctLines...)
+		}
+		return resolved, nil
+	}
+
+	if lastErr != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no usable PAM auth service found: %w", lastErr)
+	}
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("no usable PAM auth service found")
+}
+
+func buildManagedLockscreenPamContent(baseDirs []string, readFile func(string) ([]byte, error)) (string, error) {
+	resolver := lockscreenPamResolver{baseDirs: baseDirs, readFile: readFile}
+
+	resolvedLines, err := resolver.resolveLines()
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
-	if len(resolvedLines) == 0 {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("no auth directives remained after filtering %s", filepath.Join(pamDir, "login"))
-	}
-
-	hasAuth := false
-	for _, line := range resolvedLines {
-		if pamDirectiveType(strings.TrimSpace(line)) == "auth" {
-			hasAuth = true
-			break
-		}
-	}
-	if !hasAuth {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("no auth directives remained after filtering %s", filepath.Join(pamDir, "login"))
-	}
 
 	var b strings.Builder
 	b.WriteString("#%PAM-1.0\n")
@@ -494,6 +592,365 @@ func buildManagedLockscreenPamContent(pamDir string, readFile func(string) ([]by
 	return b.String(), nil
 }
 
+var lockscreenPamCandidateServices = []string{
+	"login",
+	"system-auth",
+	"system-login",
+	"system-local-login",
+	"common-auth",
+	"base-auth",
+}
+
+type LockscreenPamServiceInfo struct {
+	Name              string `json:"name"`
+	Dir               string `json:"dir"`
+	Path              string `json:"path"`
+	HasAuth           bool   `json:"hasAuth"`
+	InlineFingerprint bool   `json:"inlineFingerprint"`
+	InlineU2f         bool   `json:"inlineU2f"`
+}
+
+type LockscreenPamValidation struct {
+	Valid             bool     `json:"valid"`
+	Path              string   `json:"path"`
+	HasAuth           bool     `json:"hasAuth"`
+	InlineFingerprint bool     `json:"inlineFingerprint"`
+	InlineU2f         bool     `json:"inlineU2f"`
+	MissingModules    []string `json:"missingModules"`
+	Warnings          []string `json:"warnings"`
+	Errors            []string `json:"errors"`
+}
+
+type lockscreenPamValidateDeps struct {
+	baseDirs        []string
+	readFile        func(string) ([]byte, error)
+	stat            func(string) (os.FileInfo, error)
+	pamModuleExists func(string) bool
+}
+
+func defaultValidateDeps() lockscreenPamValidateDeps {
+	return lockscreenPamValidateDeps{
+		baseDirs:        lockscreenPamBaseDirs,
+		readFile:        os.ReadFile,
+		stat:            os.Stat,
+		pamModuleExists: pamModuleExists,
+	}
+}
+
+// lockscreenPamAnalysis is a non-destructive walk of a PAM service. Unlike
+// resolveService it detects (rather than strips) pam_fprintd/pam_u2f and
+// records unknown directives instead of hard-failing on them.
+type lockscreenPamAnalysis struct {
+	lines             []string
+	hasAuth           bool
+	inlineFingerprint bool
+	inlineU2f         bool
+	modules           []string
+	authModules       []string
+	unknownDirectives []string
+	err               error
+}
+
+func (r lockscreenPamResolver) analyzePath(path string) lockscreenPamAnalysis {
+	var acc lockscreenPamAnalysis
+	if err := r.analyzeInto(filepath.Clean(path), "", nil, &acc); err != nil {
+		acc.err = err
+	}
+	return acc
+}
+
+func (r lockscreenPamResolver) analyzeInto(path string, filterType string, stack []string, acc *lockscreenPamAnalysis) error {
+	for _, seen := range stack {
+		if seen == path {
+			chain := append(append([]string{}, stack...), path)
+			display := make([]string, 0, len(chain))
+			for _, item := range chain {
+				display = append(display, filepath.Base(item))
+			}
+			return fmt.Errorf("cyclic PAM include detected: %s", strings.Join(display, " -> "))
+		}
+	}
+
+	data, err := r.readFile(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read PAM file %s: %w", path, err)
+	}
+
+	for _, rawLine := range strings.Split(strings.ReplaceAll(string(data), "\r\n", "\n"), "\n") {
+		rawLine = strings.TrimRight(rawLine, "\r")
+		trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(rawLine)
+		if trimmed == "" || strings.HasPrefix(trimmed, "#") {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if include, ok := parseLockscreenPamIncludeDirective(trimmed, filterType); ok {
+			lineType := pamDirectiveType(trimmed)
+			if filterType != "" && lineType != "" && lineType != filterType {
+				continue
+			}
+			nestedPath := include.target
+			if filepath.IsAbs(nestedPath) {
+				nestedPath = filepath.Clean(nestedPath)
+			} else {
+				located, err := r.locate(include.target)
+				if err != nil {
+					return fmt.Errorf("failed to read PAM file %s: %w", include.target, err)
+				}
+				nestedPath = located
+			}
+			if err := r.analyzeInto(nestedPath, include.filterType, append(stack, path), acc); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+
+		lineType := pamDirectiveType(trimmed)
+		if lineType == "" {
+			acc.unknownDirectives = append(acc.unknownDirectives, trimmed)
+			continue
+		}
+		if filterType != "" && lineType != filterType {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		acc.lines = append(acc.lines, rawLine)
+		if lineType == "auth" {
+			acc.hasAuth = true
+		}
+
+		foundModule := false
+		for _, field := range strings.Fields(trimmed) {
+			if strings.HasPrefix(field, "#") {
+				break
+			}
+			if strings.Contains(field, "pam_fprintd") {
+				acc.inlineFingerprint = true
+			}
+			if strings.Contains(field, "pam_u2f") {
+				acc.inlineU2f = true
+			}
+			if !foundModule && strings.HasSuffix(field, ".so") {
+				acc.modules = append(acc.modules, field)
+				if lineType == "auth" {
+					acc.authModules = append(acc.authModules, field)
+				}
+				foundModule = true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Earlier base dir wins per name (libpam precedence).
+func ListLockscreenPamServices() []LockscreenPamServiceInfo {
+	return listLockscreenPamServices(lockscreenPamBaseDirs, os.ReadFile)
+}
+
+func listLockscreenPamServices(baseDirs []string, readFile func(string) ([]byte, error)) []LockscreenPamServiceInfo {
+	resolver := lockscreenPamResolver{baseDirs: baseDirs, readFile: readFile}
+	out := make([]LockscreenPamServiceInfo, 0, len(lockscreenPamCandidateServices))
+	for _, name := range lockscreenPamCandidateServices {
+		path, err := resolver.locate(name)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		info := LockscreenPamServiceInfo{
+			Name: name,
+			Dir:  filepath.Dir(path),
+			Path: path,
+		}
+		if analysis := resolver.analyzePath(path); analysis.err == nil {
+			info.HasAuth = analysis.hasAuth
+			info.InlineFingerprint = analysis.inlineFingerprint
+			info.InlineU2f = analysis.inlineU2f
+		}
+		out = append(out, info)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func ValidateLockscreenPamService(name string) LockscreenPamValidation {
+	return validateLockscreenPam(name, "", defaultValidateDeps())
+}
+
+func ValidateLockscreenPamPath(path string) LockscreenPamValidation {
+	return validateLockscreenPam("", path, defaultValidateDeps())
+}
+
+func ValidateLockscreenU2fPamService(name string) LockscreenPamValidation {
+	return validateLockscreenU2fPam(name, "", defaultValidateDeps())
+}
+
+func ValidateLockscreenU2fPamPath(path string) LockscreenPamValidation {
+	return validateLockscreenU2fPam("", path, defaultValidateDeps())
+}
+
+func validateLockscreenPam(serviceName string, path string, deps lockscreenPamValidateDeps) LockscreenPamValidation {
+	result := LockscreenPamValidation{
+		MissingModules: []string{},
+		Warnings:       []string{},
+		Errors:         []string{},
+	}
+	resolver := lockscreenPamResolver{baseDirs: deps.baseDirs, readFile: deps.readFile}
+
+	var analysis lockscreenPamAnalysis
+	if path != "" {
+		result.Path = path
+		analysis = resolver.analyzePath(path)
+	} else {
+		located, err := resolver.locate(serviceName)
+		if err != nil {
+			result.Errors = append(result.Errors, fmt.Sprintf("PAM service %q not found: %v", serviceName, err))
+			return result
+		}
+		result.Path = located
+		analysis = resolver.analyzePath(located)
+	}
+
+	if analysis.err != nil {
+		result.Errors = append(result.Errors, analysis.err.Error())
+		return result
+	}
+
+	result.HasAuth = analysis.hasAuth
+	result.InlineFingerprint = analysis.inlineFingerprint
+	result.InlineU2f = analysis.inlineU2f
+
+	if !analysis.hasAuth {
+		result.Errors = append(result.Errors, "no auth directives found after include resolution")
+	}
+
+	for _, directive := range analysis.unknownDirectives {
+		result.Warnings = append(result.Warnings, "unsupported PAM directive (libpam may still handle it at runtime): "+directive)
+	}
+
+	seen := map[string]bool{}
+	for _, ref := range analysis.modules {
+		name := filepath.Base(ref)
+		if seen[name] {
+			continue
+		}
+		seen[name] = true
+		if moduleReferenceExists(ref, deps) {
+			continue
+		}
+		result.MissingModules = append(result.MissingModules, name)
+		result.Warnings = append(result.Warnings, "referenced PAM module not found: "+name)
+	}
+
+	if analysis.inlineFingerprint {
+		result.Warnings = append(result.Warnings, "pam_fprintd is present in the resolved stack; may double-prompt with DMS's separate fingerprint context")
+	}
+	if analysis.inlineU2f {
+		result.Warnings = append(result.Warnings, "pam_u2f is present in the resolved stack; may double-prompt with DMS's separate U2F context")
+	}
+
+	result.Valid = len(result.Errors) == 0
+	return result
+}
+
+func validateLockscreenU2fPam(serviceName string, path string, deps lockscreenPamValidateDeps) LockscreenPamValidation {
+	result := validateLockscreenPam(serviceName, path, deps)
+	if result.Path == "" {
+		return result
+	}
+
+	resolver := lockscreenPamResolver{baseDirs: deps.baseDirs, readFile: deps.readFile}
+	analysis := resolver.analyzePath(result.Path)
+	if analysis.err != nil {
+		return result
+	}
+
+	filteredWarnings := result.Warnings[:0]
+	for _, warning := range result.Warnings {
+		if strings.Contains(warning, "pam_u2f is present") && strings.Contains(warning, "double-prompt") {
+			continue
+		}
+		filteredWarnings = append(filteredWarnings, warning)
+	}
+	result.Warnings = filteredWarnings
+
+	hasU2fAuth := false
+	unsafeModules := []string{}
+	unsafeSeen := map[string]bool{}
+	for _, ref := range analysis.authModules {
+		name := filepath.Base(ref)
+		if name == "pam_u2f.so" {
+			hasU2fAuth = true
+			continue
+		}
+		switch name {
+		case "pam_env.so", "pam_faildelay.so", "pam_nologin.so":
+			continue
+		default:
+			if !unsafeSeen[name] {
+				unsafeSeen[name] = true
+				unsafeModules = append(unsafeModules, name)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if !hasU2fAuth {
+		result.Errors = append(result.Errors, "no pam_u2f auth directive found; select a dedicated security-key PAM service")
+	}
+	for _, name := range unsafeModules {
+		result.Errors = append(result.Errors, fmt.Sprintf("additional auth module %s is not allowed in a dedicated security-key PAM service", name))
+	}
+	for _, name := range result.MissingModules {
+		if strings.Contains(name, "pam_u2f") {
+			result.Errors = append(result.Errors, fmt.Sprintf("%s is not installed or its configured path is unavailable", name))
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	result.Valid = len(result.Errors) == 0
+	return result
+}
+
+func moduleReferenceExists(ref string, deps lockscreenPamValidateDeps) bool {
+	if filepath.IsAbs(ref) {
+		_, err := deps.stat(ref)
+		return err == nil
+	}
+	return deps.pamModuleExists(ref)
+}
+
+const UserLockscreenPamService = "dankshell"
+
+func UserLockscreenPamDir() string {
+	return filepath.Join(utils.XDGStateHome(), "DankMaterialShell", "pam")
+}
+
+// WriteUserLockscreenPamConfig resolves the distro's real auth stack into a
+// self-contained lock-screen service under the user state dir, unprivileged
+// (reads world-readable PAM dirs, writes the user's own state dir). Rewrites
+// only on change to avoid inotify churn. Returns the written path.
+func WriteUserLockscreenPamConfig(logFunc func(string)) (string, error) {
+	content, err := buildManagedLockscreenPamContent(lockscreenPamBaseDirs, os.ReadFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to resolve system PAM auth stack: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	dir := UserLockscreenPamDir()
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0o700); err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to create %s: %w", dir, err)
+	}
+
+	path := filepath.Join(dir, UserLockscreenPamService)
+	if existing, err := os.ReadFile(path); err == nil && string(existing) == content {
+		return path, nil
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(content), 0o600); err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to write %s: %w", path, err)
+	}
+
+	if logFunc != nil {
+		logFunc("✓ Wrote lock-screen PAM config " + path)
+	}
+	return path, nil
+}
+
 func buildManagedLockscreenU2FPamContent() string {
 	var b strings.Builder
 	b.WriteString("#%PAM-1.0\n")
@@ -508,7 +965,7 @@ func buildManagedLockscreenU2FPamContent() string {
 
 func syncLockscreenPamConfigWithDeps(logFunc func(string), sudoPassword string, deps syncDeps) error {
 	if deps.isNixOS() {
-		logFunc("ℹ NixOS detected. DMS continues to use /etc/pam.d/login for lock screen password auth on NixOS unless you declare security.pam.services.dankshell yourself. U2F and fingerprint are handled separately and should not be included in dankshell.")
+		logFunc("ℹ NixOS detected. DMS does not write /etc/pam.d/dankshell; the lock screen uses a sanitized password-only service in the user state directory unless you select a custom PAM source.")
 		return nil
 	}
 
@@ -522,7 +979,7 @@ func syncLockscreenPamConfigWithDeps(logFunc func(string), sudoPassword string,
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read %s: %w", deps.dankshellPath, err)
 	}
 
-	content, err := buildManagedLockscreenPamContent(deps.pamDir, deps.readFile)
+	content, err := buildManagedLockscreenPamContent([]string{deps.pamDir}, deps.readFile)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to build %s from %s: %w", deps.dankshellPath, filepath.Join(deps.pamDir, "login"), err)
 	}
@@ -725,7 +1182,7 @@ func syncGreeterPamConfigWithDeps(logFunc func(string), sudoPassword string, set
 	if wantFprint || wantU2f {
 		blockLines := []string{GreeterPamManagedBlockStart}
 		if wantFprint {
-			blockLines = append(blockLines, "auth sufficient pam_fprintd.so max-tries=1 timeout=5")
+			blockLines = append(blockLines, "auth sufficient pam_fprintd.so max-tries=2 timeout=10")
 		}
 		if wantU2f {
 			blockLines = append(blockLines, "auth sufficient pam_u2f.so cue nouserok timeout=10")

core/internal/pam/pam_test.go

@@ -246,6 +246,31 @@ func TestBuildManagedLockscreenPamContent(t *testing.T) {
 				"session optional pam_lastlog.so silent":   1,
 			},
 		},
+		{
+			name: "falls back to system-auth when login is absent",
+			files: map[string]string{
+				"system-auth": "#%PAM-1.0\nauth sufficient pam_unix.so try_first_pass nullok\naccount required pam_unix.so\n",
+			},
+			wantContains: []string{
+				"auth sufficient pam_unix.so try_first_pass nullok",
+				"account required pam_unix.so",
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "no usable service when none of the candidates exist",
+			files: map[string]string{
+				"other": "#%PAM-1.0\nauth required pam_deny.so\n",
+			},
+			wantErr: "no usable PAM auth service found",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "existing login with bad include is authoritative and does not fall back",
+			files: map[string]string{
+				"login":       "#%PAM-1.0\nauth include missing-auth\n",
+				"system-auth": "#%PAM-1.0\nauth sufficient pam_unix.so\naccount required pam_unix.so\n",
+			},
+			wantErr: "failed to read PAM file",
+		},
 		{
 			name: "missing include fails",
 			files: map[string]string{
@@ -281,7 +306,7 @@ func TestBuildManagedLockscreenPamContent(t *testing.T) {
 				env.writePamFile(t, name, content)
 			}
 
-			content, err := buildManagedLockscreenPamContent(env.pamDir, os.ReadFile)
+			content, err := buildManagedLockscreenPamContent([]string{env.pamDir}, os.ReadFile)
 			if tt.wantErr != "" {
 				if err == nil {
 					t.Fatalf("expected error containing %q, got nil", tt.wantErr)
@@ -314,6 +339,192 @@ func TestBuildManagedLockscreenPamContent(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+// Real /etc/pam.d layouts of the non-Arch-shaped distros (#2789).
+func TestBuildManagedLockscreenPamContent_DistroShapes(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name            string
+		files           map[string]string
+		wantContains    []string
+		wantNotContains []string
+	}{
+		{
+			// openSUSE: `include` (not @include), common-auth symlinked to
+			// common-auth-pc (here just a plain file), bracketed securetty
+			// control, keyring modules, pam_sss.
+			name: "openSUSE include + common-auth + bracket control",
+			files: map[string]string{
+				"login": "#%PAM-1.0\n" +
+					"auth     requisite      pam_nologin.so\n" +
+					"auth     [user_unknown=ignore success=ok ignore=ignore auth_err=die default=bad] pam_securetty.so\n" +
+					"auth     include        common-auth\n" +
+					"account  include        common-account\n" +
+					"session  required       pam_loginuid.so\n" +
+					"session  include        common-session\n",
+				"common-auth": "auth    required    pam_env.so\n" +
+					"auth    optional    pam_gnome_keyring.so\n" +
+					"auth    sufficient  pam_unix.so try_first_pass\n" +
+					"auth    required    pam_sss.so use_first_pass\n",
+				"common-account": "account required pam_unix.so try_first_pass\naccount sufficient pam_localuser.so\n",
+				"common-session": "session optional pam_gnome_keyring.so auto_start\n",
+			},
+			wantContains: []string{
+				"pam_securetty.so",
+				"auth    sufficient  pam_unix.so try_first_pass",
+				"auth    required    pam_sss.so use_first_pass",
+				"account required pam_unix.so try_first_pass",
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "openSUSE without login stitches common-auth and common-account",
+			files: map[string]string{
+				"common-auth": "auth    required    pam_env.so\n" +
+					"auth    optional    pam_gnome_keyring.so\n" +
+					"auth    sufficient  pam_unix.so try_first_pass\n" +
+					"auth    required    pam_sss.so use_first_pass\n",
+				"common-account": "account required pam_unix.so try_first_pass\n" +
+					"account sufficient pam_localuser.so\n" +
+					"account required pam_sss.so use_first_pass\n",
+			},
+			wantContains: []string{
+				"auth    sufficient  pam_unix.so try_first_pass",
+				"auth    required    pam_sss.so use_first_pass",
+				"account required pam_unix.so try_first_pass",
+				"account required pam_sss.so use_first_pass",
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "openSUSE with only common-auth resolves auth-only",
+			files: map[string]string{
+				"common-auth": "auth sufficient pam_unix.so try_first_pass\nauth required pam_deny.so\n",
+			},
+			wantContains: []string{"auth sufficient pam_unix.so try_first_pass"},
+			wantNotContains: []string{
+				"account",
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Debian @include common-auth and common-account",
+			files: map[string]string{
+				"login": "#%PAM-1.0\n" +
+					"auth       requisite  pam_nologin.so\n" +
+					"@include common-auth\n" +
+					"@include common-account\n" +
+					"session    required   pam_loginuid.so\n" +
+					"@include common-session\n",
+				"common-auth": "auth\t[success=1 default=ignore]\tpam_unix.so nullok\n" +
+					"auth\trequisite\t\t\tpam_deny.so\n" +
+					"auth\trequired\t\t\tpam_permit.so\n",
+				"common-account": "account\t[success=1 new_authtok_reqd=done default=ignore]\tpam_unix.so\naccount\trequisite\t\t\tpam_deny.so\n",
+				"common-session": "session\t[default=1]\t\t\tpam_permit.so\n",
+			},
+			wantContains: []string{
+				"auth\t[success=1 default=ignore]\tpam_unix.so nullok",
+				"account\t[success=1 new_authtok_reqd=done default=ignore]\tpam_unix.so",
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "NixOS flat login with absolute paths and dash directives",
+			files: map[string]string{
+				"login": "#%PAM-1.0\n" +
+					"auth required /nix/store/abc-pam/lib/security/pam_unix.so likeauth nullok try_first_pass\n" +
+					"auth sufficient /nix/store/abc-pam-u2f/lib/security/pam_u2f.so\n" +
+					"-auth optional /nix/store/abc-kbd/lib/security/pam_gnome_keyring.so\n" +
+					"account required /nix/store/abc-pam/lib/security/pam_unix.so\n" +
+					"-session optional /nix/store/abc-sd/lib/security/pam_systemd.so\n",
+			},
+			wantContains: []string{
+				"auth required /nix/store/abc-pam/lib/security/pam_unix.so likeauth nullok try_first_pass",
+				"-auth optional /nix/store/abc-kbd/lib/security/pam_gnome_keyring.so",
+				"account required /nix/store/abc-pam/lib/security/pam_unix.so",
+			},
+			wantNotContains: []string{"pam_u2f"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Gentoo deep include chain login->system-local-login->system-login->system-auth",
+			files: map[string]string{
+				"login":              "#%PAM-1.0\nauth\tinclude\t\tsystem-local-login\naccount\tinclude\t\tsystem-local-login\n",
+				"system-local-login": "auth\trequired\tpam_group.so\nauth\tinclude\t\tsystem-login\naccount\tinclude\t\tsystem-login\n",
+				"system-login":       "auth\tinclude\t\tsystem-auth\naccount\tinclude\t\tsystem-auth\n",
+				"system-auth":        "auth\trequired\tpam_env.so\nauth\tsufficient\tpam_unix.so try_first_pass likeauth nullok\nauth\trequired\tpam_deny.so\naccount\trequired\tpam_unix.so\n",
+			},
+			wantContains: []string{
+				"auth\trequired\tpam_group.so",
+				"auth\tsufficient\tpam_unix.so try_first_pass likeauth nullok",
+				"account\trequired\tpam_unix.so",
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "no login, entry falls through to system-auth",
+			files: map[string]string{
+				"system-auth": "#%PAM-1.0\n" +
+					"auth        required      pam_env.so\n" +
+					"auth        sufficient    pam_unix.so nullok\n" +
+					"auth        sufficient    pam_sss.so forward_pass\n" +
+					"auth        required      pam_deny.so\n" +
+					"account     required      pam_unix.so\n" +
+					"account     [default=bad success=ok user_unknown=ignore] pam_sss.so\n",
+			},
+			wantContains: []string{
+				"auth        sufficient    pam_unix.so nullok",
+				"auth        sufficient    pam_sss.so forward_pass",
+				"account     required      pam_unix.so",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			env := newPamTestEnv(t)
+			for name, content := range tt.files {
+				env.writePamFile(t, name, content)
+			}
+
+			content, err := buildManagedLockscreenPamContent([]string{env.pamDir}, os.ReadFile)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("buildManagedLockscreenPamContent returned error: %v", err)
+			}
+			if !strings.Contains(content, "auth") {
+				t.Fatalf("resolved content has no auth line:\n%s", content)
+			}
+			for _, want := range tt.wantContains {
+				if !strings.Contains(content, want) {
+					t.Errorf("missing expected string %q in output:\n%s", want, content)
+				}
+			}
+			for _, notWant := range tt.wantNotContains {
+				if strings.Contains(content, notWant) {
+					t.Errorf("unexpected string %q found in output:\n%s", notWant, content)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuildManagedLockscreenPamContent_VendorDirFallback(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	// Stateless/vendored-PAM systems (Clear Linux) ship the stack in
+	// /usr/lib|share/pam.d with /etc/pam.d empty; includes resolve in that dir.
+	etcDir := t.TempDir()
+	vendorDir := t.TempDir()
+	writeTestFile(t, filepath.Join(vendorDir, "login"), "#%PAM-1.0\nauth include system-auth\naccount include system-auth\n")
+	writeTestFile(t, filepath.Join(vendorDir, "system-auth"), "auth sufficient pam_unix.so nullok\naccount required pam_unix.so\n")
+
+	content, err := buildManagedLockscreenPamContent([]string{etcDir, vendorDir}, os.ReadFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("buildManagedLockscreenPamContent returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+	for _, want := range []string{"auth sufficient pam_unix.so nullok", "account required pam_unix.so"} {
+		if !strings.Contains(content, want) {
+			t.Errorf("missing %q in output:\n%s", want, content)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func TestSyncLockscreenPamConfigWithDeps(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
@@ -400,8 +611,8 @@ func TestSyncLockscreenPamConfigWithDeps(t *testing.T) {
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("syncLockscreenPamConfigWithDeps returned error on NixOS path: %v", err)
 		}
-		if len(logs) == 0 || !strings.Contains(logs[0], "NixOS detected") || !strings.Contains(logs[0], "/etc/pam.d/login") {
-			t.Fatalf("expected NixOS informational log mentioning /etc/pam.d/login, got %v", logs)
+		if len(logs) == 0 || !strings.Contains(logs[0], "NixOS detected") || !strings.Contains(logs[0], "sanitized password-only service") {
+			t.Fatalf("expected NixOS informational log describing the user-state fallback, got %v", logs)
 		}
 		if _, err := os.Stat(env.dankshellPath); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
 			t.Fatalf("expected no dankshell file to be written on NixOS path, stat err = %v", err)
@@ -512,7 +723,7 @@ func TestSyncGreeterPamConfigWithDeps(t *testing.T) {
 		got := readFileString(t, env.greetdPath)
 		for _, want := range []string{
 			GreeterPamManagedBlockStart,
-			"auth sufficient pam_fprintd.so max-tries=1 timeout=5",
+			"auth sufficient pam_fprintd.so max-tries=2 timeout=10",
 			"auth sufficient pam_u2f.so cue nouserok timeout=10",
 			GreeterPamManagedBlockEnd,
 		} {
@@ -575,6 +786,301 @@ func TestRemoveManagedGreeterPamBlockWithDeps(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func (e *pamTestEnv) validateDeps() lockscreenPamValidateDeps {
+	return lockscreenPamValidateDeps{
+		baseDirs:        []string{e.pamDir},
+		readFile:        os.ReadFile,
+		stat:            os.Stat,
+		pamModuleExists: func(module string) bool { return e.availableModules[module] },
+	}
+}
+
+func TestListLockscreenPamServices(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	t.Run("dedupes by name with earlier base dir winning", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+
+		etcDir := t.TempDir()
+		vendorDir := t.TempDir()
+		// login exists in both dirs; system-auth only in the vendor dir.
+		writeTestFile(t, filepath.Join(etcDir, "login"), "#%PAM-1.0\nauth required pam_unix.so\naccount required pam_unix.so\n")
+		writeTestFile(t, filepath.Join(vendorDir, "login"), "#%PAM-1.0\nauth required pam_deny.so\n")
+		writeTestFile(t, filepath.Join(vendorDir, "system-auth"), "#%PAM-1.0\nauth sufficient pam_unix.so\naccount required pam_unix.so\n")
+
+		services := listLockscreenPamServices([]string{etcDir, vendorDir}, os.ReadFile)
+		if len(services) != 2 {
+			t.Fatalf("expected 2 services (login, system-auth), got %d: %+v", len(services), services)
+		}
+		byName := map[string]LockscreenPamServiceInfo{}
+		for _, s := range services {
+			byName[s.Name] = s
+		}
+		login, ok := byName["login"]
+		if !ok {
+			t.Fatalf("expected login service, got %+v", services)
+		}
+		if login.Dir != etcDir || login.Path != filepath.Join(etcDir, "login") {
+			t.Fatalf("expected login to resolve in earlier dir %s, got dir=%s path=%s", etcDir, login.Dir, login.Path)
+		}
+		if !login.HasAuth {
+			t.Fatalf("expected login to report hasAuth")
+		}
+		if byName["system-auth"].Dir != vendorDir {
+			t.Fatalf("expected system-auth to resolve in vendor dir, got %s", byName["system-auth"].Dir)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("include resolution sets hasAuth and detects inline fprintd/u2f", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+
+		env := newPamTestEnv(t)
+		env.writePamFile(t, "login", "#%PAM-1.0\nauth include system-auth\naccount include system-auth\n")
+		env.writePamFile(t, "system-auth", "auth sufficient pam_unix.so\nauth sufficient pam_fprintd.so\nauth sufficient pam_u2f.so cue\naccount required pam_unix.so\n")
+
+		services := listLockscreenPamServices([]string{env.pamDir}, os.ReadFile)
+		var login LockscreenPamServiceInfo
+		for _, s := range services {
+			if s.Name == "login" {
+				login = s
+			}
+		}
+		if !login.HasAuth {
+			t.Fatalf("expected hasAuth via resolved include")
+		}
+		if !login.InlineFingerprint || !login.InlineU2f {
+			t.Fatalf("expected inline fingerprint and u2f detection, got %+v", login)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestValidateLockscreenPam(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	t.Run("valid service with resolved auth", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+
+		env := newPamTestEnv(t)
+		env.availableModules["pam_unix.so"] = true
+		env.writePamFile(t, "login", "#%PAM-1.0\nauth include system-auth\naccount include system-auth\n")
+		env.writePamFile(t, "system-auth", "auth sufficient pam_unix.so\naccount required pam_unix.so\n")
+
+		result := validateLockscreenPam("login", "", env.validateDeps())
+		if !result.Valid {
+			t.Fatalf("expected valid result, got %+v", result)
+		}
+		if !result.HasAuth {
+			t.Fatalf("expected hasAuth true")
+		}
+		if len(result.Errors) != 0 {
+			t.Fatalf("expected no errors, got %v", result.Errors)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("path outside base dirs is read directly", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+
+		env := newPamTestEnv(t)
+		env.availableModules["pam_unix.so"] = true
+		outside := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "custom-pam")
+		writeTestFile(t, outside, "#%PAM-1.0\nauth sufficient pam_unix.so\naccount required pam_unix.so\n")
+
+		result := validateLockscreenPam("", outside, env.validateDeps())
+		if !result.Valid || result.Path != outside {
+			t.Fatalf("expected valid result for outside path, got %+v", result)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("missing module produces warning and missingModules but stays valid", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+
+		env := newPamTestEnv(t)
+		env.availableModules["pam_unix.so"] = true
+		env.writePamFile(t, "system-auth", "#%PAM-1.0\nauth sufficient pam_unix.so\nauth required pam_absent.so\naccount required pam_unix.so\n")
+
+		result := validateLockscreenPam("system-auth", "", env.validateDeps())
+		if !result.Valid {
+			t.Fatalf("expected valid despite missing module, got %+v", result)
+		}
+		if len(result.MissingModules) != 1 || result.MissingModules[0] != "pam_absent.so" {
+			t.Fatalf("expected missing pam_absent.so, got %v", result.MissingModules)
+		}
+		if !containsSubstr(result.Warnings, "pam_absent.so") {
+			t.Fatalf("expected warning about missing module, got %v", result.Warnings)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("unknown directive is a warning not an error", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+
+		env := newPamTestEnv(t)
+		env.availableModules["pam_unix.so"] = true
+		env.availableModules["pam_foo.so"] = true
+		env.writePamFile(t, "system-auth", "#%PAM-1.0\nauth sufficient pam_unix.so\nbadtype required pam_foo.so\naccount required pam_unix.so\n")
+
+		result := validateLockscreenPam("system-auth", "", env.validateDeps())
+		if !result.Valid {
+			t.Fatalf("expected valid with unknown directive, got %+v", result)
+		}
+		if len(result.Errors) != 0 {
+			t.Fatalf("expected no errors, got %v", result.Errors)
+		}
+		if !containsSubstr(result.Warnings, "unsupported PAM directive") {
+			t.Fatalf("expected unsupported directive warning, got %v", result.Warnings)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("cyclic include is an error", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+
+		env := newPamTestEnv(t)
+		env.writePamFile(t, "login", "#%PAM-1.0\nauth include system-auth\n")
+		env.writePamFile(t, "system-auth", "auth include login\n")
+
+		result := validateLockscreenPam("login", "", env.validateDeps())
+		if result.Valid {
+			t.Fatalf("expected invalid on cyclic include, got %+v", result)
+		}
+		if !containsSubstr(result.Errors, "cyclic PAM include detected") {
+			t.Fatalf("expected cyclic include error, got %v", result.Errors)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("no auth directives is an error", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+
+		env := newPamTestEnv(t)
+		env.availableModules["pam_unix.so"] = true
+		env.writePamFile(t, "system-auth", "#%PAM-1.0\naccount required pam_unix.so\n")
+
+		result := validateLockscreenPam("system-auth", "", env.validateDeps())
+		if result.Valid {
+			t.Fatalf("expected invalid when no auth directives, got %+v", result)
+		}
+		if !containsSubstr(result.Errors, "no auth directives") {
+			t.Fatalf("expected no-auth error, got %v", result.Errors)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("missing file is an error", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+
+		env := newPamTestEnv(t)
+		result := validateLockscreenPam("", filepath.Join(env.pamDir, "does-not-exist"), env.validateDeps())
+		if result.Valid || len(result.Errors) == 0 {
+			t.Fatalf("expected invalid for missing file, got %+v", result)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("inline fingerprint and u2f produce warnings", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+
+		env := newPamTestEnv(t)
+		env.availableModules["pam_unix.so"] = true
+		env.availableModules["pam_fprintd.so"] = true
+		env.availableModules["pam_u2f.so"] = true
+		env.writePamFile(t, "system-auth", "#%PAM-1.0\nauth sufficient pam_unix.so\nauth sufficient pam_fprintd.so\nauth sufficient pam_u2f.so cue\naccount required pam_unix.so\n")
+
+		result := validateLockscreenPam("system-auth", "", env.validateDeps())
+		if !result.Valid {
+			t.Fatalf("expected valid, got %+v", result)
+		}
+		if !result.InlineFingerprint || !result.InlineU2f {
+			t.Fatalf("expected inline flags set, got %+v", result)
+		}
+		if !containsSubstr(result.Warnings, "pam_fprintd") || !containsSubstr(result.Warnings, "pam_u2f") {
+			t.Fatalf("expected double-prompt warnings, got %v", result.Warnings)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestValidateLockscreenU2fPam(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	t.Run("accepts a dedicated U2F stack with custom options", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+
+		env := newPamTestEnv(t)
+		env.availableModules["pam_u2f.so"] = true
+		env.writePamFile(t, "dankshell-u2f", "#%PAM-1.0\nauth required pam_u2f.so cue authfile=/etc/u2f-mappings\naccount required pam_permit.so\n")
+
+		result := validateLockscreenU2fPam("dankshell-u2f", "", env.validateDeps())
+		if !result.Valid {
+			t.Fatalf("expected valid dedicated U2F stack, got %+v", result)
+		}
+		if !result.InlineU2f {
+			t.Fatalf("expected inline U2F detection, got %+v", result)
+		}
+		if containsSubstr(result.Warnings, "double-prompt") {
+			t.Fatalf("dedicated U2F validation should not warn about its expected U2F module: %v", result.Warnings)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("rejects a primary login stack that also prompts for a password", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+
+		env := newPamTestEnv(t)
+		env.availableModules["pam_unix.so"] = true
+		env.availableModules["pam_u2f.so"] = true
+		env.writePamFile(t, "login", "#%PAM-1.0\nauth required pam_unix.so\nauth required pam_u2f.so cue\naccount required pam_unix.so\n")
+
+		result := validateLockscreenU2fPam("login", "", env.validateDeps())
+		if result.Valid {
+			t.Fatalf("expected mixed password/U2F stack to be rejected, got %+v", result)
+		}
+		if !containsSubstr(result.Errors, "pam_unix.so") || !containsSubstr(result.Errors, "dedicated security-key") {
+			t.Fatalf("expected actionable mixed-stack error, got %v", result.Errors)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("rejects a stack without pam_u2f", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+
+		env := newPamTestEnv(t)
+		env.availableModules["pam_unix.so"] = true
+		env.writePamFile(t, "password-only", "#%PAM-1.0\nauth required pam_unix.so\n")
+
+		result := validateLockscreenU2fPam("password-only", "", env.validateDeps())
+		if result.Valid || !containsSubstr(result.Errors, "pam_u2f") {
+			t.Fatalf("expected missing-U2F error, got %+v", result)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("does not accept a similarly named module as pam_u2f", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+
+		env := newPamTestEnv(t)
+		env.availableModules["pam_u2f_helper.so"] = true
+		env.writePamFile(t, "not-u2f", "#%PAM-1.0\nauth required pam_u2f_helper.so\n")
+
+		result := validateLockscreenU2fPam("not-u2f", "", env.validateDeps())
+		if result.Valid || !containsSubstr(result.Errors, "no pam_u2f auth directive") {
+			t.Fatalf("expected exact pam_u2f module validation, got %+v", result)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("rejects a missing pam_u2f module", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+
+		env := newPamTestEnv(t)
+		env.writePamFile(t, "dankshell-u2f", "#%PAM-1.0\nauth required pam_u2f.so cue\n")
+
+		result := validateLockscreenU2fPam("dankshell-u2f", "", env.validateDeps())
+		if result.Valid || !containsSubstr(result.Errors, "pam_u2f.so is not installed") {
+			t.Fatalf("expected missing-module error, got %+v", result)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func containsSubstr(items []string, substr string) bool {
+	for _, item := range items {
+		if strings.Contains(item, substr) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 func TestSyncAuthConfigWithDeps(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
@@ -629,7 +1135,7 @@ func TestSyncAuthConfigWithDeps(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 
 		greetd := readFileString(t, env.greetdPath)
-		if !strings.Contains(greetd, "auth sufficient pam_fprintd.so max-tries=1 timeout=5") {
+		if !strings.Contains(greetd, "auth sufficient pam_fprintd.so max-tries=2 timeout=10") {
 			t.Fatalf("expected greetd PAM to receive fingerprint auth block:\n%s", greetd)
 		}
 		if strings.Contains(greetd, "auth sufficient pam_u2f.so cue nouserok timeout=10") {
@@ -637,6 +1143,39 @@ func TestSyncAuthConfigWithDeps(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	})
 
+	t.Run("externally managed greetd is stripped and greeter sync skipped", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+
+		env := newPamTestEnv(t)
+		env.availableModules["pam_fprintd.so"] = true
+		env.writeSettings(t, `{"greeterPamExternallyManaged":true,"greeterEnableFprint":true}`)
+		env.writePamFile(t, "login", "#%PAM-1.0\nauth include system-auth\naccount include system-auth\n")
+		env.writePamFile(t, "system-auth", "auth sufficient pam_unix.so\naccount required pam_unix.so\n")
+		env.writePamFile(t, "greetd", "#%PAM-1.0\nauth include system-auth\n"+
+			GreeterPamManagedBlockStart+"\n"+
+			"auth sufficient pam_fprintd.so max-tries=2 timeout=10\n"+
+			GreeterPamManagedBlockEnd+"\n")
+
+		var logs []string
+		err := syncAuthConfigWithDeps(func(msg string) {
+			logs = append(logs, msg)
+		}, "", SyncAuthOptions{HomeDir: env.homeDir}, env.deps(false))
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("syncAuthConfigWithDeps returned error: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		greetd := readFileString(t, env.greetdPath)
+		if strings.Contains(greetd, GreeterPamManagedBlockStart) || strings.Contains(greetd, "pam_fprintd") {
+			t.Fatalf("expected DMS-managed block stripped from externally managed greetd:\n%s", greetd)
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(greetd, "auth include system-auth") {
+			t.Fatalf("expected non-DMS greetd lines to remain:\n%s", greetd)
+		}
+		if !containsSubstr(logs, "externally managed") {
+			t.Fatalf("expected externally-managed skip log, got %v", logs)
+		}
+	})
+
 	t.Run("NixOS remains informational and non-mutating", func(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Parallel()
 

core/internal/plugins/manager.go

@@ -64,7 +64,20 @@ func (m *Manager) findInstalledPath(pluginID string) (string, error) {
 	return m.findInDir(systemDir, pluginID)
 }
 
+// isSafePluginPathComponent rejects ids that aren't a single path component,
+// so filepath.Join can't resolve (and later RemoveAll) outside the plugins dir
+func isSafePluginPathComponent(s string) bool {
+	if s == "" || s == "." || s == ".." {
+		return false
+	}
+	return !strings.ContainsAny(s, "/\\")
+}
+
 func (m *Manager) findInDir(dir, pluginID string) (string, error) {
+	if !isSafePluginPathComponent(pluginID) {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid plugin id: %q", pluginID)
+	}
+
 	// First, check if folder with exact ID name exists
 	exactPath := filepath.Join(dir, pluginID)
 	if exists, _ := afero.DirExists(m.fs, exactPath); exists {
@@ -507,6 +520,10 @@ func (m *Manager) findInstalledPathByIDOrName(idOrName string) (string, error) {
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) findInDirByIDOrName(dir, idOrName string) (string, error) {
+	if !isSafePluginPathComponent(idOrName) {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid plugin id/name: %q", idOrName)
+	}
+
 	// Check exact folder name match first
 	exactPath := filepath.Join(dir, idOrName)
 	if exists, _ := afero.DirExists(m.fs, exactPath); exists {

core/internal/privesc/privesc.go

@@ -135,15 +135,14 @@ func EscapeSingleQuotes(s string) string {
 }
 
 // MakeCommand returns a bash command string that runs `command` with the
-// detected tool. When the tool supports stdin passwords and password is
-// non-empty, the password is piped in. Otherwise the tool is invoked with
-// no non-interactive flag so that an interactive TTY prompt is still
-// possible for CLI callers.
+// detected tool, prompting interactively on a TTY where applicable. The
+// sudo-with-password case lives in ExecCommand, which pipes the password via
+// stdin so it never lands in argv.
 //
 // If detection fails, the returned shell string exits 1 with an error
 // message so callers that treat the *exec.Cmd as infallible still fail
 // deterministically.
-func MakeCommand(password, command string) string {
+func MakeCommand(command string) string {
 	t, err := Detect()
 	if err != nil {
 		return failingShell(err)
@@ -151,9 +150,6 @@ func MakeCommand(password, command string) string {
 
 	switch t {
 	case ToolSudo:
-		if password != "" {
-			return fmt.Sprintf("echo '%s' | sudo -S %s", EscapeSingleQuotes(password), command)
-		}
 		return fmt.Sprintf("sudo %s", command)
 	case ToolDoas:
 		return fmt.Sprintf("doas sh -c '%s'", EscapeSingleQuotes(command))
@@ -166,9 +162,19 @@ func MakeCommand(password, command string) string {
 
 // ExecCommand builds an exec.Cmd that runs `command` as root via the
 // detected tool. Detection errors surface at Run() time as a failing
-// command writing a clear error to stderr.
+// command writing a clear error to stderr. A sudo password is piped via
+// stdin (sudo -S) so it never appears in argv.
 func ExecCommand(ctx context.Context, password, command string) *exec.Cmd {
-	return exec.CommandContext(ctx, "bash", "-c", MakeCommand(password, command))
+	t, err := Detect()
+	if err != nil {
+		return exec.CommandContext(ctx, "bash", "-c", failingShell(err))
+	}
+	if t == ToolSudo && password != "" {
+		cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "sudo", "-S", "sh", "-c", command)
+		cmd.Stdin = strings.NewReader(password + "\n")
+		return cmd
+	}
+	return exec.CommandContext(ctx, "bash", "-c", MakeCommand(command))
 }
 
 // ExecArgv builds an exec.Cmd that runs argv as root via the detected tool.

core/internal/qmlchecks/greeter_auth_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package qmlchecks
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestGreeterExternalAuthStatusUsesEffectiveFingerprintAvailability(t *testing.T) {
+	data, err := os.ReadFile("../../../quickshell/Modules/Greetd/GreeterContent.qml")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("read greeter QML: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	content := string(data)
+	for _, required := range []string{
+		"readonly property bool greeterPamHasExternalAuth: greeterPamHasFprint || greeterPamHasU2f",
+		"if (greeterPamHasFprint && greeterPamHasU2f)",
+		"if (greeterPamHasFprint)",
+	} {
+		if !strings.Contains(content, required) {
+			t.Fatalf("greeter external-auth status must contain %q", required)
+		}
+	}
+}

core/internal/qmlchecks/lockscreen_input_test.go

@@ -23,3 +23,51 @@ func TestLockScreenPasswordFieldBypassesTextInputIME(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("passwordField should handle physical key text manually instead of relying on a text input control")
 	}
 }
+
+func TestLockScreenAuthenticationCardOwnsFactorControls(t *testing.T) {
+	data, err := os.ReadFile("../../../quickshell/Modules/Settings/LockScreenTab.qml")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("read lock screen settings QML: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	content := string(data)
+	authCard := strings.Index(content, `title: I18n.tr("Authentication")`)
+	behaviorCard := strings.Index(content, `title: I18n.tr("Behavior")`)
+	fingerprintToggle := strings.Index(content, `settingKey: "enableFprint"`)
+	u2fToggle := strings.Index(content, `settingKey: "enableU2f"`)
+	u2fSource := strings.Index(content, `settingKey: "lockU2fPamPath"`)
+	if authCard < 0 || behaviorCard < 0 || fingerprintToggle < 0 || u2fToggle < 0 || u2fSource < 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected authentication card, factor toggles, and U2F source setting")
+	}
+	for name, position := range map[string]int{
+		"fingerprint toggle": fingerprintToggle,
+		"U2F toggle":         u2fToggle,
+		"U2F source":         u2fSource,
+	} {
+		if position < authCard || position > behaviorCard {
+			t.Fatalf("%s must remain in the authentication card", name)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLockScreenPamSupportsManagedAndSystemPolicies(t *testing.T) {
+	data, err := os.ReadFile("../../../quickshell/Modules/Lock/Pam.qml")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("read lock screen PAM QML: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	content := string(data)
+	for _, required := range []string{
+		"SettingsData.lockPamExternallyManaged",
+		"SettingsData.lockU2fPamPath",
+		"customU2fPamActive",
+		"u2fSuppressedByPrimaryPam",
+	} {
+		if !strings.Contains(content, required) {
+			t.Fatalf("lock screen PAM must contain %q", required)
+		}
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(content, "runningFromNixStore || resolveUserPam.running") {
+		t.Fatalf("DMS-managed policy must generate the sanitized user PAM stack on Nix-store installs")
+	}
+}

core/internal/qrcode/qrcode.go

@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+package qrcode
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"image"
+	"image/color"
+	_ "image/jpeg"
+	_ "image/png"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+
+	qr "github.com/yeqown/go-qrcode/v2"
+	"github.com/yeqown/go-qrcode/writer/standard"
+)
+
+type TermOptions struct {
+	ECC       string
+	Version   int
+	QuietZone int
+	Invert    bool
+	Fg        string
+	Bg        string
+}
+
+type ImageOptions struct {
+	ECC         string
+	Version     int
+	ModuleSize  int
+	Fg          string
+	Bg          string
+	Transparent bool
+	Border      int
+	Shape       string
+	Logo        string
+	LogoScale   int
+}
+
+var wifiEscaper = strings.NewReplacer(`\`, `\\`, `;`, `\;`, `,`, `\,`, `:`, `\:`, `"`, `\"`)
+
+func WiFiString(security, ssid, password string, hidden bool) string {
+	if security == "" {
+		security = "WPA"
+	}
+	var b strings.Builder
+	fmt.Fprintf(&b, "WIFI:T:%s;S:%s;", security, wifiEscaper.Replace(ssid))
+	if !strings.EqualFold(security, "nopass") {
+		fmt.Fprintf(&b, "P:%s;", wifiEscaper.Replace(password))
+	}
+	if hidden {
+		b.WriteString("H:true;")
+	}
+	b.WriteString(";")
+	return b.String()
+}
+
+// Colors are painted explicitly on both halves of each ▀ cell so polarity
+// does not depend on the terminal theme.
+func RenderTerminal(text string, opt TermOptions) (string, error) {
+	fg, err := parseColor(opt.Fg, color.RGBA{A: 255})
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	bg, err := parseColor(opt.Bg, color.RGBA{R: 255, G: 255, B: 255, A: 255})
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	if opt.Invert {
+		fg, bg = bg, fg
+	}
+
+	mat, err := encode(text, opt.ECC, opt.Version)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	grid := bitmapWithQuietZone(mat, opt.QuietZone)
+
+	var b strings.Builder
+	for y := 0; y < len(grid); y += 2 {
+		for x := range grid[y] {
+			top := moduleColor(grid[y][x], fg, bg)
+			bottom := bg
+			if y+1 < len(grid) {
+				bottom = moduleColor(grid[y+1][x], fg, bg)
+			}
+			fmt.Fprintf(&b, "\x1b[38;2;%d;%d;%dm\x1b[48;2;%d;%d;%dm▀", top.R, top.G, top.B, bottom.R, bottom.G, bottom.B)
+		}
+		b.WriteString("\x1b[0m\n")
+	}
+	return b.String(), nil
+}
+
+func RenderPNG(text string, opt ImageOptions) ([]byte, error) {
+	encOpts, err := encodeOptions(opt.ECC, opt.Version)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	imgOpts, err := imageOptions(opt)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	q, err := qr.NewWith(text, encOpts...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	w := standard.NewWithWriter(nopCloser{&buf}, imgOpts...)
+	if err := q.Save(w); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return buf.Bytes(), nil
+}
+
+func encodeOptions(ecc string, version int) ([]qr.EncodeOption, error) {
+	eccOpt, err := eccOption(ecc)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	opts := []qr.EncodeOption{eccOpt}
+	switch {
+	case version == 0:
+	case version >= 1 && version <= 40:
+		opts = append(opts, qr.WithVersion(version))
+	default:
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("QR version must be 1-40, got %d", version)
+	}
+	return opts, nil
+}
+
+func eccOption(level string) (qr.EncodeOption, error) {
+	switch strings.ToUpper(level) {
+	case "", "M":
+		return qr.WithErrorCorrectionLevel(qr.ErrorCorrectionMedium), nil
+	case "L":
+		return qr.WithErrorCorrectionLevel(qr.ErrorCorrectionLow), nil
+	case "Q":
+		return qr.WithErrorCorrectionLevel(qr.ErrorCorrectionQuart), nil
+	case "H":
+		return qr.WithErrorCorrectionLevel(qr.ErrorCorrectionHighest), nil
+	default:
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid error correction level %q (want L, M, Q, or H)", level)
+	}
+}
+
+func imageOptions(opt ImageOptions) ([]standard.ImageOption, error) {
+	if opt.ModuleSize < 0 || opt.ModuleSize > 255 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("module size must be 0-255, got %d", opt.ModuleSize)
+	}
+
+	opts := []standard.ImageOption{standard.WithBuiltinImageEncoder(standard.PNG_FORMAT)}
+	if opt.ModuleSize > 0 {
+		opts = append(opts, standard.WithQRWidth(uint8(opt.ModuleSize)))
+	}
+	if opt.Border >= 0 {
+		opts = append(opts, standard.WithBorderWidth(opt.Border))
+	}
+
+	switch {
+	case opt.Transparent:
+		opts = append(opts, standard.WithBgTransparent())
+	case opt.Bg != "":
+		c, err := parseColor(opt.Bg, color.RGBA{})
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		opts = append(opts, standard.WithBgColor(c))
+	}
+	if opt.Fg != "" {
+		c, err := parseColor(opt.Fg, color.RGBA{})
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		opts = append(opts, standard.WithFgColor(c))
+	}
+
+	switch strings.ToLower(opt.Shape) {
+	case "", "square":
+	case "circle":
+		opts = append(opts, standard.WithCircleShape())
+	default:
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid shape %q (want square or circle)", opt.Shape)
+	}
+
+	if opt.Logo != "" {
+		img, err := loadImage(opt.Logo)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		opts = append(opts, standard.WithLogoImage(img))
+		if opt.LogoScale > 0 {
+			opts = append(opts, standard.WithLogoSizeMultiplier(opt.LogoScale))
+		}
+	}
+	return opts, nil
+}
+
+func encode(text, ecc string, version int) (qr.Matrix, error) {
+	opts, err := encodeOptions(ecc, version)
+	if err != nil {
+		return qr.Matrix{}, err
+	}
+	q, err := qr.NewWith(text, opts...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return qr.Matrix{}, err
+	}
+	mw := &matrixWriter{}
+	if err := q.Save(mw); err != nil {
+		return qr.Matrix{}, err
+	}
+	return mw.mat, nil
+}
+
+func bitmapWithQuietZone(mat qr.Matrix, quiet int) [][]bool {
+	if quiet < 0 {
+		quiet = 0
+	}
+	src := mat.Bitmap()
+	h := len(src)
+	w := 0
+	if h > 0 {
+		w = len(src[0])
+	}
+	out := make([][]bool, h+quiet*2)
+	for y := range out {
+		out[y] = make([]bool, w+quiet*2)
+	}
+	for y := range h {
+		for x := range w {
+			out[y+quiet][x+quiet] = src[y][x]
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func moduleColor(dark bool, fg, bg color.RGBA) color.RGBA {
+	if dark {
+		return fg
+	}
+	return bg
+}
+
+func parseColor(hex string, def color.RGBA) (color.RGBA, error) {
+	hex = strings.TrimPrefix(strings.TrimSpace(hex), "#")
+	if hex == "" {
+		return def, nil
+	}
+	if len(hex) == 3 {
+		hex = fmt.Sprintf("%c%c%c%c%c%c", hex[0], hex[0], hex[1], hex[1], hex[2], hex[2])
+	}
+	var r, g, b int
+	if len(hex) != 6 {
+		return def, fmt.Errorf("invalid color %q (want #RGB or #RRGGBB)", hex)
+	}
+	if _, err := fmt.Sscanf(hex, "%02x%02x%02x", &r, &g, &b); err != nil {
+		return def, fmt.Errorf("invalid color %q (want #RGB or #RRGGBB)", hex)
+	}
+	return color.RGBA{R: uint8(r), G: uint8(g), B: uint8(b), A: 255}, nil
+}
+
+func loadImage(path string) (image.Image, error) {
+	f, err := os.Open(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+	img, _, err := image.Decode(f)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("decode %s: %w", path, err)
+	}
+	return img, nil
+}
+
+type matrixWriter struct{ mat qr.Matrix }
+
+func (w *matrixWriter) Write(m qr.Matrix) error { w.mat = m; return nil }
+func (w *matrixWriter) Close() error            { return nil }
+
+type nopCloser struct{ *bytes.Buffer }
+
+func (nopCloser) Close() error { return nil }

core/internal/screenshot/compositor.go

@@ -30,41 +30,30 @@ func DetectCompositor() Compositor {
 		return detectedCompositor
 	}
 
-	hyprlandSig := os.Getenv("HYPRLAND_INSTANCE_SIGNATURE")
-	niriSocket := os.Getenv("NIRI_SOCKET")
-	swaySocket := os.Getenv("SWAYSOCK")
-	scrollSocket := os.Getenv("SCROLLSOCK")
-	miracleSocket := os.Getenv("MIRACLESOCK")
-	mangoSocket := os.Getenv("MANGO_INSTANCE_SIGNATURE")
+	candidates := []struct {
+		socket     string
+		needsStat  bool
+		compositor Compositor
+	}{
+		{os.Getenv("MANGO_INSTANCE_SIGNATURE"), true, CompositorMango},
+		{os.Getenv("NIRI_SOCKET"), true, CompositorNiri},
+		{os.Getenv("SCROLLSOCK"), true, CompositorScroll},
+		{os.Getenv("MIRACLESOCK"), true, CompositorMiracle},
+		{os.Getenv("SWAYSOCK"), true, CompositorSway},
+		{os.Getenv("HYPRLAND_INSTANCE_SIGNATURE"), false, CompositorHyprland},
+	}
 
-	switch {
-	case mangoSocket != "":
-		if _, err := os.Stat(mangoSocket); err == nil {
-			detectedCompositor = CompositorMango
-			return detectedCompositor
+	// A stale env var from a previous session must not mask the live compositor
+	for _, c := range candidates {
+		if c.socket == "" {
+			continue
 		}
-	case niriSocket != "":
-		if _, err := os.Stat(niriSocket); err == nil {
-			detectedCompositor = CompositorNiri
-			return detectedCompositor
+		if c.needsStat {
+			if _, err := os.Stat(c.socket); err != nil {
+				continue
 			}
-	case scrollSocket != "":
-		if _, err := os.Stat(scrollSocket); err == nil {
-			detectedCompositor = CompositorScroll
-			return detectedCompositor
 		}
-	case miracleSocket != "":
-		if _, err := os.Stat(miracleSocket); err == nil {
-			detectedCompositor = CompositorMiracle
-			return detectedCompositor
-		}
-	case swaySocket != "":
-		if _, err := os.Stat(swaySocket); err == nil {
-			detectedCompositor = CompositorSway
-			return detectedCompositor
-		}
-	case hyprlandSig != "":
-		detectedCompositor = CompositorHyprland
+		detectedCompositor = c.compositor
 		return detectedCompositor
 	}
 
@@ -90,7 +79,7 @@ func GetActiveWindow() (*WindowGeometry, error) {
 	case CompositorMango:
 		return getMangoActiveWindow()
 	default:
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("window capture requires Hyprland or Mango")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("window capture requires Hyprland, Mango, or niri")
 	}
 }
 

core/internal/screenshot/encode.go

@@ -54,6 +54,58 @@ func BufferToImageWithFormat(buf *ShmBuffer, format uint32) *image.RGBA {
 	return img
 }
 
+func ImageToBuffer(img image.Image) (*ShmBuffer, error) {
+	bounds := img.Bounds()
+	w, h := bounds.Dx(), bounds.Dy()
+	buf, err := CreateShmBuffer(w, h, w*4)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	data := buf.Data()
+	switch src := img.(type) {
+	case *image.NRGBA:
+		for y := range h {
+			srcOff := y * src.Stride
+			dstOff := y * buf.Stride
+			for x := range w {
+				si, di := srcOff+x*4, dstOff+x*4
+				a := uint32(src.Pix[si+3])
+				data[di+0] = uint8(uint32(src.Pix[si+2]) * a / 255)
+				data[di+1] = uint8(uint32(src.Pix[si+1]) * a / 255)
+				data[di+2] = uint8(uint32(src.Pix[si+0]) * a / 255)
+				data[di+3] = uint8(a)
+			}
+		}
+	case *image.RGBA:
+		for y := range h {
+			srcOff := y * src.Stride
+			dstOff := y * buf.Stride
+			for x := range w {
+				si, di := srcOff+x*4, dstOff+x*4
+				data[di+0] = src.Pix[si+2]
+				data[di+1] = src.Pix[si+1]
+				data[di+2] = src.Pix[si+0]
+				data[di+3] = src.Pix[si+3]
+			}
+		}
+	default:
+		for y := range h {
+			dstOff := y * buf.Stride
+			for x := range w {
+				cr, cg, cb, ca := img.At(bounds.Min.X+x, bounds.Min.Y+y).RGBA()
+				di := dstOff + x*4
+				data[di+0] = uint8(cb >> 8)
+				data[di+1] = uint8(cg >> 8)
+				data[di+2] = uint8(cr >> 8)
+				data[di+3] = uint8(ca >> 8)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	buf.Format = FormatARGB8888
+	return buf, nil
+}
+
 func EncodePNG(w io.Writer, img image.Image) error {
 	enc := png.Encoder{CompressionLevel: png.BestSpeed}
 	return enc.Encode(w, img)

core/internal/screenshot/niri_window.go

@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+package screenshot
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"image"
+	"image/png"
+	"net"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"time"
+)
+
+const niriScreenshotTimeout = 5 * time.Second
+
+// CaptureNiriWindowImage captures the focused window through niri's
+// ScreenshotWindow action; niri replies before writing the file, so a second
+// event-stream connection waits for ScreenshotCaptured. niri also copies the
+// capture to its own clipboard, which cannot be disabled.
+func CaptureNiriWindowImage(showPointer bool) (image.Image, error) {
+	socket := os.Getenv("NIRI_SOCKET")
+	if socket == "" {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("NIRI_SOCKET not set")
+	}
+
+	dir := os.Getenv("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR")
+	if dir == "" {
+		dir = os.TempDir()
+	}
+	path := filepath.Join(dir, fmt.Sprintf("dms-window-%d.png", os.Getpid()))
+
+	events, err := subscribeNiriEvents(socket)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer events.Close()
+
+	if err := requestNiriWindowScreenshot(socket, path, showPointer); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer os.Remove(path)
+
+	if err := awaitNiriScreenshot(events, path); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	f, err := os.Open(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("open niri screenshot: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+
+	img, err := png.Decode(f)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("decode niri screenshot: %w", err)
+	}
+	return img, nil
+}
+
+func subscribeNiriEvents(socket string) (net.Conn, error) {
+	conn, err := net.DialTimeout("unix", socket, 2*time.Second)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("connect niri socket: %w", err)
+	}
+	_ = conn.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(niriScreenshotTimeout))
+
+	if _, err := conn.Write([]byte("\"EventStream\"\n")); err != nil {
+		conn.Close()
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("subscribe niri events: %w", err)
+	}
+	return conn, nil
+}
+
+func awaitNiriScreenshot(events net.Conn, path string) error {
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(events)
+	scanner.Buffer(make([]byte, 0, 64<<10), 1<<20)
+
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		var event struct {
+			ScreenshotCaptured *struct {
+				Path string `json:"path"`
+			} `json:"ScreenshotCaptured"`
+		}
+		if json.Unmarshal(scanner.Bytes(), &event) != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if event.ScreenshotCaptured != nil && event.ScreenshotCaptured.Path == path {
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("await niri screenshot: %w", err)
+	}
+	return fmt.Errorf("niri event stream closed before screenshot completed")
+}
+
+func requestNiriWindowScreenshot(socket, path string, showPointer bool) error {
+	conn, err := net.DialTimeout("unix", socket, 2*time.Second)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("connect niri socket: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+	_ = conn.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(3 * time.Second))
+
+	request := map[string]any{
+		"Action": map[string]any{
+			"ScreenshotWindow": map[string]any{
+				"id":            nil,
+				"write_to_disk": true,
+				"show_pointer":  showPointer,
+				"path":          path,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	payload, err := json.Marshal(request)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if _, err := conn.Write(append(payload, '\n')); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("niri request: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	line, err := bufio.NewReader(conn).ReadBytes('\n')
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("niri reply: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	var reply map[string]json.RawMessage
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(line, &reply); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("parse niri reply: %w", err)
+	}
+	if raw, ok := reply["Err"]; ok {
+		var msg string
+		_ = json.Unmarshal(raw, &msg)
+		return fmt.Errorf("niri screenshot: %s", msg)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *Screenshoter) captureNiriWindow() (*CaptureResult, error) {
+	img, err := CaptureNiriWindowImage(s.config.Cursor == CursorOn)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	buf, err := ImageToBuffer(img)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	scale := 1.0
+	if output := s.findOutputByName(GetFocusedMonitor()); output != nil {
+		scale = output.effectiveScale()
+	}
+
+	return &CaptureResult{
+		Buffer:    buf,
+		YInverted: false,
+		Format:    uint32(FormatARGB8888),
+		Scale:     scale,
+	}, nil
+}

core/internal/screenshot/region.go

@@ -95,6 +95,9 @@ type RegionSelector struct {
 	showCapturedCursor bool
 	shiftHeld          bool
 
+	phase  selectorPhase
+	scroll *scrollSession
+
 	running   bool
 	cancelled bool
 	result    Region
@@ -167,20 +170,32 @@ func (r *RegionSelector) Run() (*CaptureResult, bool, error) {
 
 	r.running = true
 	for r.running {
-		if err := r.ctx.Dispatch(); err != nil {
+		if err := r.dispatchOrTick(); err != nil {
 			return nil, false, fmt.Errorf("dispatch: %w", err)
 		}
 	}
 
+	if r.scroll != nil && r.scroll.abortErr != nil {
+		return nil, false, r.scroll.abortErr
+	}
+
 	if r.cancelled || r.capturedBuffer == nil {
 		return nil, r.cancelled, nil
 	}
 
 	yInverted := false
 	var format uint32
+	scale := 1.0
 	if r.selection.surface != nil {
 		yInverted = r.selection.surface.yInverted
 		format = r.selection.surface.screenFormat
+		if s := r.selection.surface.output.fractionalScale; s > 0 {
+			scale = s
+		}
+	}
+	if r.scroll != nil {
+		yInverted = false
+		format = uint32(r.scroll.format)
 	}
 
 	return &CaptureResult{
@@ -188,6 +203,7 @@ func (r *RegionSelector) Run() (*CaptureResult, bool, error) {
 		Region:    r.result,
 		YInverted: yInverted,
 		Format:    format,
+		Scale:     scale,
 	}, false, nil
 }
 
@@ -691,7 +707,9 @@ func (r *RegionSelector) initRenderBuffer(os *OutputSurface) {
 		}
 		slot.pool = pool
 
-		wlBuf, err := pool.CreateBuffer(0, int32(buf.Width), int32(buf.Height), int32(buf.Stride), os.screenFormat)
+		// niri latches surface opacity from the first buffer's format
+		// (observed), so slots are ARGB from the start with A=255 when opaque
+		wlBuf, err := pool.CreateBuffer(0, int32(buf.Width), int32(buf.Height), int32(buf.Stride), alphaFormat(os.screenFormat))
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Error("create render slot wl_buffer failed", "err", err)
 			pool.Destroy()
@@ -733,8 +751,9 @@ func (r *RegionSelector) applyPreSelection(os *OutputSurface) {
 
 	x1 := float64(r.preSelect.X-os.output.x) * scaleX
 	y1 := float64(r.preSelect.Y-os.output.y) * scaleY
-	x2 := float64(r.preSelect.X-os.output.x+r.preSelect.Width) * scaleX
-	y2 := float64(r.preSelect.Y-os.output.y+r.preSelect.Height) * scaleY
+	// selection edges are inclusive; the exclusive width edge is one device px past it
+	x2 := float64(r.preSelect.X-os.output.x+r.preSelect.Width)*scaleX - scaleX
+	y2 := float64(r.preSelect.Y-os.output.y+r.preSelect.Height)*scaleY - scaleY
 
 	r.selection.hasSelection = true
 	r.selection.dragging = false
@@ -764,10 +783,13 @@ func (r *RegionSelector) redrawSurface(os *OutputSurface) {
 		return
 	}
 
+	switch r.phase {
+	case phaseScroll:
+		r.drawScrollOverlay(os, slot.shm)
+	default:
 		slot.shm.CopyFrom(srcBuf)
-
-	// Draw overlay (dimming + selection) into this slot
 		r.drawOverlay(os, slot.shm)
+	}
 
 	if os.viewport != nil {
 		_ = os.wlSurface.SetBufferScale(1)
@@ -803,6 +825,8 @@ func (r *RegionSelector) cleanup() {
 		r.cursorBuffer.Close()
 	}
 
+	r.cleanupScroll()
+
 	for _, os := range r.surfaces {
 		for _, slot := range os.slots {
 			if slot == nil {

core/internal/screenshot/region_input.go

@@ -94,6 +94,20 @@ func (r *RegionSelector) setupPointerHandlers() {
 			return
 		}
 
+		if r.phase == phaseScroll {
+			if e.Button != 0x110 || e.State != 1 || r.activeSurface != r.selection.surface {
+				return
+			}
+			switch r.scrollBarHit(r.pointerX, r.pointerY) {
+			case "done":
+				r.finishScroll()
+			case "cancel":
+				r.cancelled = true
+				r.running = false
+			}
+			return
+		}
+
 		switch e.Button {
 		case 0x110: // BTN_LEFT
 			switch e.State {
@@ -135,6 +149,17 @@ func (r *RegionSelector) setupKeyboardHandlers() {
 			return
 		}
 
+		if r.phase == phaseScroll {
+			switch e.Key {
+			case 1:
+				r.cancelled = true
+				r.running = false
+			case 28, 96:
+				r.finishScroll()
+			}
+			return
+		}
+
 		switch e.Key {
 		case 1:
 			r.cancelled = true
@@ -152,17 +177,15 @@ func (r *RegionSelector) setupKeyboardHandlers() {
 	})
 }
 
-func (r *RegionSelector) finishSelection() {
+func (r *RegionSelector) selectionDeviceRect() (*OutputSurface, int, int, int, int) {
 	if r.selection.surface == nil {
-		r.running = false
-		return
+		return nil, 0, 0, 0, 0
 	}
 
 	os := r.selection.surface
 	srcBuf := r.getSourceBuffer(os)
 	if srcBuf == nil {
-		r.running = false
-		return
+		return nil, 0, 0, 0, 0
 	}
 
 	x1, y1 := r.selection.anchorX, r.selection.anchorY
@@ -181,24 +204,10 @@ func (r *RegionSelector) finishSelection() {
 		scaleY = float64(srcBuf.Height) / float64(os.logicalH)
 	}
 
-	bx1 := int(x1 * scaleX)
-	by1 := int(y1 * scaleY)
-	bx2 := int(x2 * scaleX)
-	by2 := int(y2 * scaleY)
-
-	// Clamp to buffer bounds
-	if bx1 < 0 {
-		bx1 = 0
-	}
-	if by1 < 0 {
-		by1 = 0
-	}
-	if bx2 > srcBuf.Width {
-		bx2 = srcBuf.Width
-	}
-	if by2 > srcBuf.Height {
-		by2 = srcBuf.Height
-	}
+	bx1 := clamp(int(x1*scaleX), 0, srcBuf.Width)
+	by1 := clamp(int(y1*scaleY), 0, srcBuf.Height)
+	bx2 := clamp(int(x2*scaleX), 0, srcBuf.Width)
+	by2 := clamp(int(y2*scaleY), 0, srcBuf.Height)
 
 	w, h := bx2-bx1+1, by2-by1+1
 	if r.shiftHeld && w != h {
@@ -215,7 +224,23 @@ func (r *RegionSelector) finishSelection() {
 		h = 1
 	}
 
-	// Create cropped buffer and copy pixels directly
+	return os, bx1, by1, w, h
+}
+
+func (r *RegionSelector) finishSelection() {
+	os, bx1, by1, w, h := r.selectionDeviceRect()
+	if os == nil {
+		r.running = false
+		return
+	}
+
+	if r.screenshoter != nil && r.screenshoter.config.Mode == ModeScroll {
+		r.enterScrollPhase(os, bx1, by1, w, h)
+		return
+	}
+
+	srcBuf := r.getSourceBuffer(os)
+
 	cropped, err := CreateShmBuffer(w, h, w*4)
 	if err != nil {
 		r.running = false

core/internal/screenshot/region_render.go

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ func (r *RegionSelector) drawOverlay(os *OutputSurface, renderBuf *ShmBuffer) {
 	w, h := renderBuf.Width, renderBuf.Height
 	format := os.screenFormat
 
-	// Dim the entire buffer
+	// dim, forcing alpha: the X-format source's padding byte is undefined
 	for y := 0; y < h; y++ {
 		off := y * stride
 		for x := 0; x < w; x++ {
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ func (r *RegionSelector) drawOverlay(os *OutputSurface, renderBuf *ShmBuffer) {
 			data[i+0] = uint8(int(data[i+0]) * 3 / 5)
 			data[i+1] = uint8(int(data[i+1]) * 3 / 5)
 			data[i+2] = uint8(int(data[i+2]) * 3 / 5)
+			data[i+3] = 255
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ func (r *RegionSelector) drawOverlay(os *OutputSurface, renderBuf *ShmBuffer) {
 			data[di+0] = srcData[si+0]
 			data[di+1] = srcData[si+1]
 			data[di+2] = srcData[si+2]
-			data[di+3] = srcData[si+3]
+			data[di+3] = 255
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -126,6 +127,81 @@ func (r *RegionSelector) drawOverlay(os *OutputSurface, renderBuf *ShmBuffer) {
 	r.drawDimensions(data, stride, w, h, bx1, by1, selW, selH, format)
 }
 
+func (r *RegionSelector) drawScrollOverlay(os *OutputSurface, renderBuf *ShmBuffer) {
+	data := renderBuf.Data()
+	stride := renderBuf.Stride
+	w, h := renderBuf.Width, renderBuf.Height
+
+	// 40% premultiplied scrim
+	for y := 0; y < h; y++ {
+		off := y * stride
+		for x := 0; x < w; x++ {
+			i := off + x*4
+			if i+3 >= len(data) {
+				continue
+			}
+			data[i+0], data[i+1], data[i+2], data[i+3] = 0, 0, 0, 102
+		}
+	}
+
+	s := r.scroll
+	if s == nil || r.selection.surface != os {
+		return
+	}
+
+	// hole oversized 2px so overlay pixels never land in captured frames
+	holeX := s.holeX - 2
+	holeY := s.holeY - 2
+	holeW := s.holeW + 4
+	holeH := s.holeH + 4
+
+	x1 := clamp(holeX, 0, w)
+	y1 := clamp(holeY, 0, h)
+	x2 := clamp(holeX+holeW, 0, w)
+	y2 := clamp(holeY+holeH, 0, h)
+
+	for y := y1; y < y2; y++ {
+		off := y * stride
+		for x := x1; x < x2; x++ {
+			i := off + x*4
+			if i+3 >= len(data) {
+				continue
+			}
+			data[i+0], data[i+1], data[i+2], data[i+3] = 0, 0, 0, 0
+		}
+	}
+
+	r.drawBorder(data, stride, w, h, holeX-1, holeY-1, holeW+2, holeH+2, os.screenFormat)
+	r.drawScrollBar(data, stride, w, h, os.screenFormat)
+}
+
+func (r *RegionSelector) drawScrollBar(data []byte, stride, bufW, bufH int, format uint32) {
+	s := r.scroll
+	style := LoadOverlayStyle()
+	const charH = 12
+
+	r.fillRect(data, stride, bufW, bufH, s.barX, s.barY, s.barW, s.barH,
+		style.BackgroundR, style.BackgroundG, style.BackgroundB, 245, format)
+
+	labelY := s.doneY + (s.btnH-charH)/2
+	r.fillRect(data, stride, bufW, bufH, s.doneX, s.doneY, s.doneW, s.btnH,
+		style.AccentR, style.AccentG, style.AccentB, 255, format)
+	r.drawText(data, stride, bufW, bufH, s.doneX+12, labelY, "done", 10, 10, 10, format)
+
+	r.fillRect(data, stride, bufW, bufH, s.cancelX, s.cancelY, s.cancelW, s.btnH,
+		70, 70, 70, 255, format)
+	r.drawText(data, stride, bufW, bufH, s.cancelX+12, labelY, "cancel",
+		style.TextR, style.TextG, style.TextB, format)
+
+	rows := 0
+	if s.st != nil {
+		rows = s.st.rows()
+	}
+	counter := fmt.Sprintf("%d shots %dpx", s.kept, rows)
+	r.drawText(data, stride, bufW, bufH, s.cancelX+s.cancelW+16, labelY, counter,
+		style.TextR, style.TextG, style.TextB, format)
+}
+
 func (r *RegionSelector) drawHUD(data []byte, stride, bufW, bufH int, format uint32) {
 	if r.selection.dragging {
 		return

core/internal/screenshot/screenshot.go

@@ -28,6 +28,21 @@ type CaptureResult struct {
 	Region    Region
 	YInverted bool
 	Format    uint32
+	Scale     float64
+}
+
+func (o *WaylandOutput) effectiveScale() float64 {
+	scale := o.fractionalScale
+	if scale <= 0 && DetectCompositor() == CompositorHyprland {
+		scale = GetHyprlandMonitorScale(o.name)
+	}
+	if scale <= 0 {
+		scale = float64(o.scale)
+	}
+	if scale <= 0 {
+		return 1.0
+	}
+	return scale
 }
 
 type Screenshoter struct {
@@ -77,7 +92,7 @@ func (s *Screenshoter) Run() (*CaptureResult, error) {
 	switch s.config.Mode {
 	case ModeLastRegion:
 		return s.captureLastRegion()
-	case ModeRegion:
+	case ModeRegion, ModeScroll:
 		return s.captureRegion()
 	case ModeWindow:
 		return s.captureWindow()
@@ -130,6 +145,10 @@ func (s *Screenshoter) captureRegion() (*CaptureResult, error) {
 }
 
 func (s *Screenshoter) captureWindow() (*CaptureResult, error) {
+	if DetectCompositor() == CompositorNiri {
+		return s.captureNiriWindow()
+	}
+
 	geom, err := GetActiveWindow()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -255,6 +274,7 @@ func (s *Screenshoter) captureMangoWindow(output *WaylandOutput, region Region,
 		Region:    region,
 		YInverted: false,
 		Format:    result.Format,
+		Scale:     scale,
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -430,6 +450,7 @@ func (s *Screenshoter) captureAllScreens() (*CaptureResult, error) {
 		Buffer: composite,
 		Region: Region{X: int32(minX), Y: int32(minY), Width: int32(totalW), Height: int32(totalH)},
 		Format: format,
+		Scale:  maxScale,
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -502,6 +523,7 @@ func (s *Screenshoter) captureWholeOutput(output *WaylandOutput) (*CaptureResult
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	result.Scale = output.effectiveScale()
 
 	if result.YInverted {
 		result.Buffer.FlipVertical()
@@ -604,6 +626,7 @@ func (s *Screenshoter) captureAndCrop(output *WaylandOutput, region Region) (*Ca
 		Region:    region,
 		YInverted: false,
 		Format:    result.Format,
+		Scale:     scale,
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -612,16 +635,7 @@ func (s *Screenshoter) captureRegionOnOutput(output *WaylandOutput, region Regio
 		return s.captureRegionOnTransformedOutput(output, region)
 	}
 
-	scale := output.fractionalScale
-	if scale <= 0 && DetectCompositor() == CompositorHyprland {
-		scale = GetHyprlandMonitorScale(output.name)
-	}
-	if scale <= 0 {
-		scale = float64(output.scale)
-	}
-	if scale <= 0 {
-		scale = 1.0
-	}
+	scale := output.effectiveScale()
 
 	localX := int32(float64(region.X-output.x) * scale)
 	localY := int32(float64(region.Y-output.y) * scale)
@@ -660,7 +674,12 @@ func (s *Screenshoter) captureRegionOnOutput(output *WaylandOutput, region Regio
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("capture region: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	return s.processFrame(frame, region)
+	result, err := s.processFrame(frame, region)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	result.Scale = scale
+	return result, nil
 }
 
 func (s *Screenshoter) captureRegionOnTransformedOutput(output *WaylandOutput, region Region) (*CaptureResult, error) {
@@ -669,16 +688,7 @@ func (s *Screenshoter) captureRegionOnTransformedOutput(output *WaylandOutput, r
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	scale := output.fractionalScale
-	if scale <= 0 && DetectCompositor() == CompositorHyprland {
-		scale = GetHyprlandMonitorScale(output.name)
-	}
-	if scale <= 0 {
-		scale = float64(output.scale)
-	}
-	if scale <= 0 {
-		scale = 1.0
-	}
+	scale := output.effectiveScale()
 
 	localX := int(float64(region.X-output.x) * scale)
 	localY := int(float64(region.Y-output.y) * scale)
@@ -730,6 +740,7 @@ func (s *Screenshoter) captureRegionOnTransformedOutput(output *WaylandOutput, r
 		Region:    region,
 		YInverted: false,
 		Format:    result.Format,
+		Scale:     scale,
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -747,12 +758,16 @@ func (s *Screenshoter) processFrame(frame *wlr_screencopy.ZwlrScreencopyFrameV1,
 		bpp := format.BytesPerPixel()
 		if int(e.Stride) < int(e.Width)*bpp {
 			log.Error("invalid stride from compositor", "stride", e.Stride, "width", e.Width, "bpp", bpp)
+			// bail out here or the dispatch loop waits forever on a ready/failed
+			// event that never comes (frame.Copy is never called)
+			failed = true
 			return
 		}
 		var err error
 		buf, err = CreateShmBuffer(int(e.Width), int(e.Height), int(e.Stride))
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Error("failed to create buffer", "err", err)
+			failed = true
 			return
 		}
 		buf.Format = format
@@ -771,6 +786,7 @@ func (s *Screenshoter) processFrame(frame *wlr_screencopy.ZwlrScreencopyFrameV1,
 		pool, err = s.shm.CreatePool(buf.Fd(), int32(buf.Size()))
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Error("failed to create pool", "err", err)
+			failed = true
 			return
 		}
 
@@ -779,6 +795,7 @@ func (s *Screenshoter) processFrame(frame *wlr_screencopy.ZwlrScreencopyFrameV1,
 			pool.Destroy()
 			pool = nil
 			log.Error("failed to create wl_buffer", "err", err)
+			failed = true
 			return
 		}
 

core/internal/screenshot/scroll.go

@@ -0,0 +1,574 @@
+package screenshot
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"os/signal"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/AvengeMedia/DankMaterialShell/core/internal/log"
+	"github.com/AvengeMedia/DankMaterialShell/core/internal/proto/wlr_layer_shell"
+	"github.com/AvengeMedia/DankMaterialShell/core/internal/proto/wlr_screencopy"
+	"github.com/AvengeMedia/DankMaterialShell/core/pkg/go-wayland/wayland/client"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+)
+
+type selectorPhase int
+
+const (
+	phaseSelect selectorPhase = iota
+	phaseScroll
+)
+
+const (
+	scrollMaxFailures = 5
+	scrollSeamTicks   = 4
+)
+
+type scrollSession struct {
+	output *WaylandOutput
+	// wire coords for CaptureOutputRegion (logical or device px per compositor)
+	capX, capY, capW, capH int32
+	// device-pixel rect in the overlay buffer, for hole/border drawing
+	holeX, holeY, holeW, holeH int
+
+	interval time.Duration
+	nextTick time.Time
+	inFlight bool
+	failures int
+	kept     int
+	abortErr error
+
+	buf            *ShmBuffer
+	pool           *client.ShmPool
+	wlBuf          *client.Buffer
+	frame          *wlr_screencopy.ZwlrScreencopyFrameV1
+	format         PixelFormat
+	frameW, frameH int
+	yInverted      bool
+
+	prevSig        []float32
+	prevPlaced     bool
+	unmatched      bool
+	unmatchedTicks int
+
+	// control bar geometry in overlay buffer pixels
+	barX, barY, barW, barH int
+	doneX, doneY, doneW    int
+	cancelX, cancelY       int
+	cancelW                int
+	btnH                   int
+
+	sigCh     chan os.Signal
+	keysBound bool
+
+	st *stitcher
+}
+
+func (r *RegionSelector) dispatchOrTick() error {
+	timeout := -1
+	if s := r.scroll; r.phase == phaseScroll && s != nil && s.sigCh != nil {
+		select {
+		case sig := <-s.sigCh:
+			switch sig {
+			case unix.SIGUSR2:
+				r.cancelled = true
+				r.running = false
+			default:
+				r.finishScroll()
+			}
+			return nil
+		default:
+		}
+	}
+	if s := r.scroll; r.phase == phaseScroll && s.abortErr == nil && (s.st == nil || !s.st.full) {
+		timeout = max(int(time.Until(s.nextTick).Milliseconds()), 0)
+	}
+
+	fds := []unix.PollFd{{Fd: int32(r.ctx.Fd()), Events: unix.POLLIN}}
+	n, err := unix.Poll(fds, timeout)
+	switch {
+	case err == unix.EINTR:
+		return nil
+	case err != nil:
+		return err
+	case n > 0:
+		return r.ctx.Dispatch()
+	}
+
+	r.scrollTick()
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *RegionSelector) scrollTick() {
+	s := r.scroll
+	if s == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if s.inFlight || (s.st != nil && s.st.full) {
+		s.nextTick = time.Now().Add(s.interval)
+		return
+	}
+	r.startScrollCapture()
+}
+
+func (r *RegionSelector) enterScrollPhase(os *OutputSurface, x, y, w, h int) {
+	switch {
+	case os.output.transform != TransformNormal:
+		r.abortScroll(fmt.Errorf("scroll capture does not support rotated outputs"))
+		return
+	case w < 1 || h < 1:
+		r.abortScroll(fmt.Errorf("empty scroll capture region"))
+		return
+	}
+
+	interval := 45
+	if r.screenshoter != nil && r.screenshoter.config.IntervalMs > 0 {
+		interval = r.screenshoter.config.IntervalMs
+	}
+
+	capX, capY, capW, capH := x, y, w, h
+	switch DetectCompositor() {
+	case CompositorHyprland, CompositorMango:
+		// both take device pixels, deviating from spec (observed)
+	default:
+		// spec: logical coordinates, scaled by the compositor
+		// https://wayland.app/protocols/wlr-screencopy-unstable-v1#zwlr_screencopy_manager_v1:request:capture_output_region
+		if scale := os.output.fractionalScale; scale > 1 {
+			capX = int(float64(x)/scale + 0.5)
+			capY = int(float64(y)/scale + 0.5)
+			capW = int(float64(w)/scale + 0.5)
+			capH = int(float64(h)/scale + 0.5)
+		}
+	}
+
+	r.scroll = &scrollSession{
+		output:   os.output,
+		capX:     int32(capX),
+		capY:     int32(capY),
+		capW:     int32(capW),
+		capH:     int32(capH),
+		holeX:    x,
+		holeY:    y,
+		holeW:    w,
+		holeH:    h,
+		interval: time.Duration(interval) * time.Millisecond,
+		nextTick: time.Now(),
+	}
+
+	r.layoutScrollBar(os)
+
+	for _, surf := range r.surfaces {
+		r.setInputPassthrough(surf, surf == os)
+	}
+
+	// Hyprland routes all pointer input to exclusive-keyboard layers
+	// (https://github.com/hyprwm/Hyprland/discussions/14136), so the keyboard
+	// is released there and Enter/Esc come back via temporary global binds
+	if DetectCompositor() == CompositorHyprland {
+		r.enterHyprlandScrollInput(os)
+	}
+
+	r.phase = phaseScroll
+	for _, surf := range r.surfaces {
+		r.redrawSurface(surf)
+	}
+}
+
+// sized for the worst-case counter so the input region is set once
+func (r *RegionSelector) layoutScrollBar(os *OutputSurface) {
+	s := r.scroll
+	const charAdv, pad, gap = 9, 12, 16
+
+	s.btnH = 24
+	s.doneW = len("done")*charAdv + 24
+	s.cancelW = len("cancel")*charAdv + 24
+	counterW := len("99999 shots 999999px") * charAdv
+	s.barW = pad + s.doneW + gap + s.cancelW + gap + counterW + pad
+	s.barH = s.btnH + 24
+
+	bufW, bufH := os.screenBuf.Width, os.screenBuf.Height
+	s.barX = (bufW - s.barW) / 2
+	s.barY = bufH - s.barH - 24
+
+	borderX1, borderY1 := s.holeX-3, s.holeY-3
+	borderX2, borderY2 := s.holeX+s.holeW+3, s.holeY+s.holeH+3
+	overlaps := s.barX < borderX2 && s.barX+s.barW > borderX1 &&
+		s.barY < borderY2 && s.barY+s.barH > borderY1
+	if overlaps {
+		s.barY = 24
+	}
+
+	s.doneX = s.barX + pad
+	s.doneY = s.barY + (s.barH-s.btnH)/2
+	s.cancelX = s.doneX + s.doneW + gap
+	s.cancelY = s.doneY
+}
+
+func (r *RegionSelector) setInputPassthrough(os *OutputSurface, withBar bool) {
+	reg, err := r.compositor.CreateRegion()
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if withBar && os.screenBuf != nil && os.logicalW > 0 {
+		s := r.scroll
+		scaleX := float64(os.logicalW) / float64(os.screenBuf.Width)
+		scaleY := float64(os.logicalH) / float64(os.screenBuf.Height)
+		_ = reg.Add(int32(float64(s.barX)*scaleX), int32(float64(s.barY)*scaleY),
+			int32(float64(s.barW)*scaleX)+1, int32(float64(s.barH)*scaleY)+1)
+	}
+	_ = os.wlSurface.SetInputRegion(reg)
+	_ = reg.Destroy()
+}
+
+func (r *RegionSelector) enterHyprlandScrollInput(osurf *OutputSurface) {
+	for _, surf := range r.surfaces {
+		_ = surf.layerSurf.SetKeyboardInteractivity(uint32(wlr_layer_shell.ZwlrLayerSurfaceV1KeyboardInteractivityNone))
+	}
+	if r.shortcutsInhibitor != nil {
+		_ = r.shortcutsInhibitor.Destroy()
+		r.shortcutsInhibitor = nil
+	}
+
+	s := r.scroll
+	scale := osurf.output.fractionalScale
+	if scale <= 0 {
+		scale = 1
+	}
+	cx := int(float64(osurf.output.x) + float64(s.holeX+s.holeW/2)/scale)
+	cy := int(float64(osurf.output.y) + float64(s.holeY+s.holeH/2)/scale)
+	hyprlandFocusWindowAt(cx, cy)
+
+	s.sigCh = make(chan os.Signal, 2)
+	signal.Notify(s.sigCh, unix.SIGUSR1, unix.SIGUSR2)
+	s.keysBound = hyprlandBindScrollKeys(os.Getpid())
+}
+
+func hyprlandFocusWindowAt(x, y int) {
+	out, err := exec.Command("hyprctl", "-j", "clients").Output()
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	var clients []struct {
+		Address        string `json:"address"`
+		At             [2]int `json:"at"`
+		Size           [2]int `json:"size"`
+		Mapped         bool   `json:"mapped"`
+		Hidden         bool   `json:"hidden"`
+		FocusHistoryID int    `json:"focusHistoryID"`
+	}
+	if json.Unmarshal(out, &clients) != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	best := -1
+	for i, c := range clients {
+		if !c.Mapped || c.Hidden {
+			continue
+		}
+		if x < c.At[0] || x >= c.At[0]+c.Size[0] || y < c.At[1] || y >= c.At[1]+c.Size[1] {
+			continue
+		}
+		if best < 0 || c.FocusHistoryID < clients[best].FocusHistoryID {
+			best = i
+		}
+	}
+	if best < 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	_ = exec.Command("hyprctl", "dispatch", "focuswindow", "address:"+clients[best].Address).Run()
+}
+
+func hyprlandBindScrollKeys(pid int) bool {
+	batch := fmt.Sprintf("keyword bind ,Return,exec,kill -USR1 %d ; keyword bind ,Escape,exec,kill -USR2 %d", pid, pid)
+	return exec.Command("hyprctl", "--batch", batch).Run() == nil
+}
+
+func hyprlandUnbindScrollKeys() {
+	_ = exec.Command("hyprctl", "--batch", "keyword unbind ,Return ; keyword unbind ,Escape").Run()
+}
+
+func (r *RegionSelector) scrollBarHit(x, y float64) string {
+	s := r.scroll
+	os := r.selection.surface
+	if s == nil || os == nil || os.screenBuf == nil || os.logicalW == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	bx := int(x * float64(os.screenBuf.Width) / float64(os.logicalW))
+	by := int(y * float64(os.screenBuf.Height) / float64(os.logicalH))
+
+	switch {
+	case bx >= s.doneX && bx < s.doneX+s.doneW && by >= s.doneY && by < s.doneY+s.btnH:
+		return "done"
+	case bx >= s.cancelX && bx < s.cancelX+s.cancelW && by >= s.cancelY && by < s.cancelY+s.btnH:
+		return "cancel"
+	default:
+		return ""
+	}
+}
+
+func alphaFormat(format uint32) uint32 {
+	switch format {
+	case uint32(FormatXRGB8888):
+		return uint32(FormatARGB8888)
+	case uint32(FormatXBGR8888):
+		return uint32(FormatABGR8888)
+	default:
+		return format
+	}
+}
+
+func (r *RegionSelector) startScrollCapture() {
+	s := r.scroll
+	frame, err := r.screencopy.CaptureOutputRegion(0, s.output.wlOutput, s.capX, s.capY, s.capW, s.capH)
+	if err != nil {
+		r.abortScroll(fmt.Errorf("scroll capture: %w", err))
+		return
+	}
+	s.inFlight = true
+	s.frame = frame
+	s.nextTick = time.Now().Add(s.interval)
+
+	frame.SetBufferHandler(func(e wlr_screencopy.ZwlrScreencopyFrameV1BufferEvent) {
+		if err := s.ensureCaptureBuffer(r, e); err != nil {
+			r.abortScroll(err)
+			return
+		}
+		if err := frame.Copy(s.wlBuf); err != nil {
+			log.Error("scroll frame copy failed", "err", err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	frame.SetFlagsHandler(func(e wlr_screencopy.ZwlrScreencopyFrameV1FlagsEvent) {
+		s.yInverted = (e.Flags & 1) != 0
+	})
+
+	frame.SetReadyHandler(func(e wlr_screencopy.ZwlrScreencopyFrameV1ReadyEvent) {
+		frame.Destroy()
+		s.frame = nil
+		s.inFlight = false
+		s.failures = 0
+		s.nextTick = time.Now().Add(s.interval)
+		r.handleScrollFrame()
+	})
+
+	frame.SetFailedHandler(func(e wlr_screencopy.ZwlrScreencopyFrameV1FailedEvent) {
+		frame.Destroy()
+		s.frame = nil
+		s.inFlight = false
+		s.failures++
+		s.nextTick = time.Now().Add(s.interval)
+		if s.failures >= scrollMaxFailures {
+			r.abortScroll(fmt.Errorf("screencopy failed %d consecutive times", s.failures))
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func (s *scrollSession) ensureCaptureBuffer(r *RegionSelector, e wlr_screencopy.ZwlrScreencopyFrameV1BufferEvent) error {
+	if s.buf != nil {
+		if int(e.Width) != s.frameW || int(e.Height) != s.frameH || PixelFormat(e.Format) != s.format {
+			return fmt.Errorf("output changed during scroll capture")
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	format := PixelFormat(e.Format)
+	if int(e.Stride) < int(e.Width)*format.BytesPerPixel() {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid stride from compositor: %d for width %d", e.Stride, e.Width)
+	}
+
+	buf, err := CreateShmBuffer(int(e.Width), int(e.Height), int(e.Stride))
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create scroll buffer: %w", err)
+	}
+	buf.Format = format
+
+	pool, err := r.shm.CreatePool(buf.Fd(), int32(buf.Size()))
+	if err != nil {
+		buf.Close()
+		return fmt.Errorf("create scroll pool: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	wlBuf, err := pool.CreateBuffer(0, int32(buf.Width), int32(buf.Height), int32(buf.Stride), e.Format)
+	if err != nil {
+		pool.Destroy()
+		buf.Close()
+		return fmt.Errorf("create scroll wl_buffer: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	s.buf = buf
+	s.pool = pool
+	s.wlBuf = wlBuf
+	s.format = format
+	s.frameW = int(e.Width)
+	s.frameH = int(e.Height)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *RegionSelector) handleScrollFrame() {
+	s := r.scroll
+	if s == nil || s.buf == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	rows, err := s.extractRows()
+	if err != nil {
+		r.abortScroll(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if s.st == nil {
+		s.st = newStitcher(s.frameW * 4)
+	}
+
+	cols := s.st.rowSamples(rows)
+	sig := s.st.frameSig(rows)
+	dup := duplicateFrame(sig, s.prevSig)
+	s.prevSig = sig
+
+	// moving content: recapture at compositor speed, the timer paces idle only
+	if !dup {
+		s.nextTick = time.Now()
+	}
+
+	var added int
+	switch {
+	case dup && s.unmatched:
+		// settled somewhere unreachable: seam a new segment after a few ticks
+		s.unmatchedTicks++
+		if s.unmatchedTicks < scrollSeamTicks {
+			return
+		}
+		var placed bool
+		added, placed = s.st.pushFrame(rows, cols)
+		if !placed {
+			added = s.st.seamAppend(rows, cols)
+		}
+		s.prevPlaced = true
+		s.unmatched = false
+		s.unmatchedTicks = 0
+	case dup && s.prevPlaced:
+		return
+	default:
+		var placed bool
+		added, placed = s.st.pushFrame(rows, cols)
+		s.prevPlaced = placed
+		s.unmatched = !placed
+		s.unmatchedTicks = 0
+	}
+
+	if scrollDebug {
+		log.Error("scroll frame", "dup", dup, "unmatched", s.unmatched,
+			"placed", s.prevPlaced, "added", added, "canvas", s.st.rows(), "kept", s.kept)
+	}
+	if added == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	s.kept++
+	if r.selection.surface != nil {
+		r.redrawSurface(r.selection.surface)
+	}
+}
+
+var scrollDebug = os.Getenv("DMS_SCROLL_DEBUG") != ""
+
+func (s *scrollSession) extractRows() ([]byte, error) {
+	src := s.buf
+	format := s.format
+
+	if format.Is24Bit() {
+		converted, newFormat, err := src.ConvertTo32Bit(format)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("convert scroll frame: %w", err)
+		}
+		defer converted.Close()
+		src = converted
+		s.format = newFormat
+	}
+
+	rows := make([]byte, s.frameW*4*s.frameH)
+	data := src.Data()
+	for y := 0; y < s.frameH; y++ {
+		srcY := y
+		if s.yInverted {
+			srcY = s.frameH - 1 - y
+		}
+		srcOff := srcY * src.Stride
+		dstOff := y * s.frameW * 4
+		if srcOff+s.frameW*4 > len(data) {
+			continue
+		}
+		copy(rows[dstOff:dstOff+s.frameW*4], data[srcOff:srcOff+s.frameW*4])
+	}
+	return rows, nil
+}
+
+func (r *RegionSelector) finishScroll() {
+	s := r.scroll
+	if s == nil || s.st == nil || s.st.rows() == 0 {
+		r.cancelled = true
+		r.running = false
+		return
+	}
+
+	buf, err := CreateShmBuffer(s.frameW, s.st.rows(), s.frameW*4)
+	if err != nil {
+		r.abortScroll(fmt.Errorf("create stitched buffer: %w", err))
+		return
+	}
+	copy(buf.Data(), s.st.canvas)
+	buf.Format = s.format
+
+	r.capturedBuffer = buf
+	r.capturedRegion = Region{
+		X:      int32(s.holeX),
+		Y:      int32(s.holeY),
+		Width:  int32(s.holeW),
+		Height: int32(s.holeH),
+		Output: s.output.name,
+	}
+	// same convention as finishSelection or preselect breaks on scaled outputs
+	r.result = Region{
+		X:      int32(s.holeX) + s.output.x,
+		Y:      int32(s.holeY) + s.output.y,
+		Width:  int32(s.holeW),
+		Height: int32(s.holeH),
+		Output: s.output.name,
+	}
+	r.running = false
+}
+
+func (r *RegionSelector) abortScroll(err error) {
+	if r.scroll == nil {
+		r.scroll = &scrollSession{}
+	}
+	r.scroll.abortErr = err
+	r.running = false
+}
+
+func (r *RegionSelector) cleanupScroll() {
+	s := r.scroll
+	if s == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if s.keysBound {
+		hyprlandUnbindScrollKeys()
+	}
+	if s.sigCh != nil {
+		signal.Stop(s.sigCh)
+	}
+	if s.frame != nil {
+		s.frame.Destroy()
+	}
+	if s.wlBuf != nil {
+		s.wlBuf.Destroy()
+	}
+	if s.pool != nil {
+		s.pool.Destroy()
+	}
+	if s.buf != nil {
+		s.buf.Close()
+	}
+}

core/internal/screenshot/scroll_sim_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
+package screenshot
+
+import (
+	"math/rand"
+	"slices"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// mirrors handleScrollFrame's stitch logic so glides run without a compositor
+type simSession struct {
+	prevSig        []float32
+	prevPlaced     bool
+	unmatched      bool
+	unmatchedTicks int
+	st             *stitcher
+}
+
+func (s *simSession) observe(rows []byte) {
+	cols := s.st.rowSamples(rows)
+	sig := s.st.frameSig(rows)
+	dup := duplicateFrame(sig, s.prevSig)
+	s.prevSig = sig
+
+	switch {
+	case dup && s.unmatched:
+		s.unmatchedTicks++
+		if s.unmatchedTicks < scrollSeamTicks {
+			return
+		}
+		if _, placed := s.st.pushFrame(rows, cols); !placed {
+			s.st.seamAppend(rows, cols)
+		}
+		s.prevPlaced = true
+		s.unmatched = false
+		s.unmatchedTicks = 0
+	case dup && s.prevPlaced:
+		return
+	default:
+		_, placed := s.st.pushFrame(rows, cols)
+		s.prevPlaced = placed
+		s.unmatched = !placed
+		s.unmatchedTicks = 0
+	}
+}
+
+// the page at a fractional scroll offset, as a compositor renders mid-glide
+func fractionalFrame(page []byte, stride, frameH int, offset float64) []byte {
+	top := int(offset)
+	frac := offset - float64(top)
+	out := make([]byte, frameH*stride)
+	for y := 0; y < frameH; y++ {
+		a := page[(top+y)*stride : (top+y+1)*stride]
+		b := page[(top+y+1)*stride : (top+y+2)*stride]
+		row := out[y*stride : (y+1)*stride]
+		for x := range row {
+			row[x] = byte(float64(a[x])*(1-frac) + float64(b[x])*frac)
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// blank gaps between paragraphs plus identical card blocks repeated around
+func webbyPage(rng *rand.Rand, stride, rows int) []byte {
+	page := make([]byte, rows*stride)
+	card := make([]byte, 40*stride)
+	rng.Read(card)
+
+	row := 0
+	for row < rows {
+		switch rng.Intn(4) {
+		case 0: // blank gap
+			row += 10 + rng.Intn(20)
+		case 1: // repeated card block
+			n := copy(page[row*stride:], card)
+			row += n / stride
+		default: // paragraph of distinct rows
+			n := (8 + rng.Intn(22)) * stride
+			if row*stride+n > len(page) {
+				n = len(page) - row*stride
+			}
+			rng.Read(page[row*stride : row*stride+n])
+			row += n / stride
+		}
+	}
+	return page
+}
+
+// screen-fixed sidebar in the unsampled outer 8% plus per-frame hover noise
+func addFixedChrome(rng *rand.Rand, frame []byte, stride, frameH int, sidebar []byte) {
+	sbw := len(sidebar) / frameH
+	for y := 0; y < frameH; y++ {
+		copy(frame[y*stride:y*stride+sbw], sidebar[y*sbw:(y+1)*sbw])
+	}
+	hoverTop := 40 + rng.Intn(frameH-80)
+	for y := hoverTop; y < hoverTop+24; y++ {
+		off := y*stride + stride/3
+		for x := 0; x < 60; x++ {
+			frame[off+x] ^= 0x08
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// starting at the page bottom and scrolling up must prepend, never stall
+func TestScrollSimulationBottomUp(t *testing.T) {
+	const stride = 2048
+	const frameH = 240
+	rng := rand.New(rand.NewSource(99))
+	page := webbyPage(rng, stride, 4000)
+
+	st := newStitcher(stride)
+	sidebar := make([]byte, frameH*140)
+	rng.Read(sidebar)
+
+	sim := &simSession{st: st}
+
+	pos := 3700.0
+	capture := func() []byte {
+		f := fractionalFrame(page, stride, frameH, pos)
+		addFixedChrome(rng, f, stride, frameH, sidebar)
+		return f
+	}
+	glide := func(target float64) {
+		for i := 0; ; i++ {
+			step := (target - pos) * 0.45
+			if step > -1 && step < 1 {
+				break
+			}
+			pos += step
+			if i%4 != 3 {
+				pos = float64(int(pos))
+			}
+			sim.observe(capture())
+		}
+		pos = target
+		sim.observe(capture())
+		sim.observe(capture())
+	}
+
+	sim.observe(capture())
+	for _, target := range []float64{3640, 3560, 3460, 3340, 3240} {
+		glide(target)
+	}
+
+	wantRows := (3700 + frameH) - 3240
+	got := sim.st.rows()
+	if got < wantRows-stitchMinAppend || got > wantRows+2 {
+		t.Fatalf("canvas has %d rows, want ~%d (upward scrolling must prepend)", got, wantRows)
+	}
+	topPage := 3240 + (wantRows - got)
+	for _, cr := range []int{0, 100, 300} {
+		if !rowMatchesPage(sim.st.canvas, page, stride, cr, topPage+cr) {
+			t.Fatalf("canvas row %d does not map onto page row %d", cr, topPage+cr)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// exact page row or a blend of neighbors, allowing a one-row offset
+func rowMatchesPage(canvas, page []byte, stride, canvasRow, pageRow int) bool {
+	for x := 200; x < stride-1400; x++ {
+		c := int(canvas[canvasRow*stride+x])
+		lo, hi := 255, 0
+		for k := pageRow - 1; k <= pageRow+1; k++ {
+			v := int(page[k*stride+x])
+			lo, hi = min(lo, v), max(hi, v)
+		}
+		if c < lo-1 || c > hi+1 {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// a fling past a full frame height must seam a new segment, not go dead
+func TestScrollSimulationFastFlingRecovers(t *testing.T) {
+	const stride = 2048
+	const frameH = 240
+	rng := rand.New(rand.NewSource(7))
+	page := webbyPage(rng, stride, 4000)
+
+	sim := &simSession{st: newStitcher(stride)}
+	frame := func(top int) []byte {
+		return slices.Clone(page[top*stride : (top+frameH)*stride])
+	}
+	rest := func(top int) {
+		for range scrollSeamTicks + 2 {
+			sim.observe(frame(top))
+		}
+	}
+
+	rest(0)
+	sim.observe(frame(60))
+	sim.observe(frame(130))
+	rest(130)
+	firstRange := 130 + frameH
+
+	sim.observe(frame(900))
+	sim.observe(frame(1400))
+	rest(1800)
+
+	sim.observe(frame(1860))
+	sim.observe(frame(1930))
+	rest(1930)
+
+	wantRows := firstRange + (1930 - 1800) + frameH
+	if got := sim.st.rows(); got != wantRows {
+		t.Fatalf("canvas has %d rows, want %d (first range %d + new segment)", got, wantRows, firstRange)
+	}
+	seamStart := firstRange
+	if !slices.Equal(sim.st.canvas[seamStart*stride:], page[1800*stride:(1930+frameH)*stride]) {
+		t.Fatal("new segment content wrong after fling recovery")
+	}
+}
+
+// eased glides with up/down scrubbing must cover the range exactly once
+func TestScrollSimulationSmoothGlide(t *testing.T) {
+	const stride = 2048
+	const frameH = 240
+	rng := rand.New(rand.NewSource(99))
+	page := webbyPage(rng, stride, 4000)
+
+	st := newStitcher(stride)
+	sidebar := make([]byte, frameH*140)
+	rng.Read(sidebar)
+
+	sim := &simSession{st: st}
+
+	pos := 0.0
+	capture := func() []byte {
+		f := fractionalFrame(page, stride, frameH, pos)
+		addFixedChrome(rng, f, stride, frameH, sidebar)
+		return f
+	}
+	glide := func(target float64) {
+		for i := 0; ; i++ {
+			step := (target - pos) * 0.45
+			if step > -1 && step < 1 {
+				break
+			}
+			pos += step
+			// mostly snapped to device pixels, with the odd fractional frame
+			if i%4 != 3 {
+				pos = float64(int(pos))
+			}
+			sim.observe(capture())
+		}
+		pos = target
+		sim.observe(capture())
+		sim.observe(capture())
+	}
+
+	sim.observe(capture())
+	for _, target := range []float64{160, 330, 480, 650, 800, 960, 1100} {
+		glide(target)
+	}
+	for _, target := range []float64{700, 300, 900, 1100} {
+		glide(target)
+	}
+
+	wantRows := 1100 + frameH
+	got := sim.st.rows()
+	if got < wantRows-stitchMinAppend || got > wantRows+2 {
+		t.Fatalf("canvas has %d rows, want ~%d (more = duplicated bands, fewer = gaps)", got, wantRows)
+	}
+
+	hoverLo, hoverHi := stride/3, stride/3+60
+	mismatched := 0
+	for row := 0; row < min(got, wantRows); row += 7 {
+		off := row * stride
+		a1, b1 := sim.st.canvas[off+200:off+hoverLo], page[off+200:off+hoverLo]
+		a2, b2 := sim.st.canvas[off+hoverHi:off+stride], page[off+hoverHi:off+stride]
+		if !slices.Equal(a1, b1) || !slices.Equal(a2, b2) {
+			mismatched++
+		}
+	}
+	if mismatched > (wantRows/7)/20 {
+		t.Fatalf("%d of %d sampled rows mismatch page content (mid-animation pixels baked in)", mismatched, wantRows/7)
+	}
+}

core/internal/screenshot/stitch.go

@@ -0,0 +1,407 @@
+package screenshot
+
+// Frame stitcher after mark-shot's column-sampling design
+// (https://github.com/jswysnemc/mark-shot, src/scroll/stitcher_algorithm.cpp).
+// Only rows overhanging the captured range are committed; frames that match
+// nothing are dropped without touching state.
+
+const (
+	stitchMaxCanvasBytes = 256 << 20
+	stitchMaxRowsCap     = 30000
+
+	// mark-shot: StitchConfig{100, 9.0f, 15, 1.0f}
+	stitchAcceptDiff    = 9.0
+	stitchApproxDiff    = 1.0
+	stitchMinCompare    = 50
+	stitchMinCanvas     = 100
+	stitchMinAppend     = 15
+	stitchCoarseStep    = 8
+	stitchPredictWindow = 160
+	stitchBandSamples   = 17
+
+	// mark-shot: kDuplicateAvgDiff=1.1f, kDuplicateMaxDiff=4, 18x24 grid
+	stitchDupAvgDiff = 1.1
+	stitchDupMaxDiff = 4.0
+	stitchSigCols    = 18
+	stitchSigRows    = 24
+
+	// blank rows agree at every offset and must not decide a match
+	stitchActivityMin = 2.0
+	stitchRowMatchTol = 4.0
+	stitchMinActive   = 12
+)
+
+// mean luminance per band (8-32%, 34-66%, 68-92%); the outer 8% is chrome
+type rowCols [3]float32
+
+type stitcher struct {
+	stride     int
+	sampleOffs [3][]int
+
+	canvas []byte
+	cols   []rowCols
+
+	anchor     int
+	last       []rowCols
+	lastOffset int
+
+	maxRows int
+	full    bool
+}
+
+func newStitcher(stride int) *stitcher {
+	px := stride / 4
+	st := &stitcher{
+		stride:  stride,
+		maxRows: min(stitchMaxCanvasBytes/stride, stitchMaxRowsCap),
+	}
+	bands := [3][2]float64{{0.08, 0.32}, {0.34, 0.66}, {0.68, 0.92}}
+	for b, band := range bands {
+		lo := int(float64(px) * band[0])
+		hi := max(int(float64(px)*band[1]), lo+1)
+		n := min(stitchBandSamples, hi-lo)
+		for s := range n {
+			st.sampleOffs[b] = append(st.sampleOffs[b], (lo+(hi-lo)*s/n)*4)
+		}
+	}
+	return st
+}
+
+func (st *stitcher) rowSamples(data []byte) []rowCols {
+	rows := len(data) / st.stride
+	cols := make([]rowCols, rows)
+	for y := range rows {
+		row := data[y*st.stride:]
+		for b := range 3 {
+			var sum float32
+			for _, off := range st.sampleOffs[b] {
+				sum += 0.114*float32(row[off]) + 0.587*float32(row[off+1]) + 0.299*float32(row[off+2])
+			}
+			cols[y][b] = sum / float32(len(st.sampleOffs[b]))
+		}
+	}
+	return cols
+}
+
+func (st *stitcher) frameSig(data []byte) []float32 {
+	rows := len(data) / st.stride
+	px := st.stride / 4
+	sig := make([]float32, 0, stitchSigCols*stitchSigRows)
+	for gy := range stitchSigRows {
+		y := (2*gy + 1) * rows / (2 * stitchSigRows)
+		for gx := range stitchSigCols {
+			x := (2*gx + 1) * px / (2 * stitchSigCols)
+			off := y*st.stride + x*4
+			sig = append(sig, 0.114*float32(data[off])+0.587*float32(data[off+1])+0.299*float32(data[off+2]))
+		}
+	}
+	return sig
+}
+
+func (st *stitcher) rows() int {
+	return len(st.cols)
+}
+
+func rowColsDiff(a, b rowCols) float32 {
+	return (abs32(a[0]-b[0]) + abs32(a[1]-b[1]) + abs32(a[2]-b[2])) / 3
+}
+
+func duplicateFrame(a, b []float32) bool {
+	if len(a) != len(b) || len(a) == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	var sum, maxDiff float32
+	for i := range a {
+		d := abs32(a[i] - b[i])
+		sum += d
+		maxDiff = max(maxDiff, d)
+	}
+	return sum/float32(len(a)) <= stitchDupAvgDiff && maxDiff <= stitchDupMaxDiff
+}
+
+// sticky header/footer zones, per mark-shot: 10% top, 8% bottom, min 16px
+func matchIgnores(h int) (top, bottom int) {
+	if h < 80 {
+		return 0, 0
+	}
+	return clamp(h/10, 16, h/4), clamp(h*8/100, 16, h/4)
+}
+
+func activity(f []rowCols) []bool {
+	active := make([]bool, len(f))
+	for i := 1; i < len(f); i++ {
+		active[i] = rowColsDiff(f[i], f[i-1]) > stitchActivityMin
+	}
+	return active
+}
+
+func (st *stitcher) pushFrame(frame []byte, f []rowCols) (int, bool) {
+	if st.full || len(f) == 0 {
+		return 0, true
+	}
+
+	h := len(f)
+	if len(st.cols) == 0 {
+		n := st.appendRows(frame, f, 0)
+		st.anchor = 0
+		st.last = f
+		st.lastOffset = 0
+		return n, true
+	}
+
+	pos, ok := st.locateFrame(f, activity(f))
+	if !ok {
+		return 0, false
+	}
+
+	delta := pos - st.anchor
+	added := 0
+	if over := pos + h - len(st.cols); over >= stitchMinAppend {
+		added += st.appendRows(frame, f, h-over)
+	}
+	if over := -pos; over >= stitchMinAppend {
+		n := st.prependRows(frame, f, over)
+		added += n
+		pos += n
+	}
+
+	st.anchor = pos
+	st.last = f
+	st.lastOffset = delta
+	return added, true
+}
+
+// seamAppend starts a new segment after a jump capture couldn't follow.
+func (st *stitcher) seamAppend(frame []byte, f []rowCols) int {
+	if st.full || len(f) == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	pos := len(st.cols)
+	n := st.appendRows(frame, f, 0)
+	st.anchor = pos
+	st.last = f
+	st.lastOffset = 0
+	return n
+}
+
+func (st *stitcher) locateFrame(f []rowCols, active []bool) (int, bool) {
+	d, diff := st.adjacentOffset(f, active)
+	pred := st.anchor + d
+
+	if diff <= stitchAcceptDiff {
+		if _, ok := st.verifyAt(f, active, pred); ok {
+			return pred, true
+		}
+	}
+	if pos, _, ok := st.scanPositions(f, active, pred, true); ok {
+		return pos, true
+	}
+	pos, _, ok := st.scanPositions(f, active, pred, false)
+	return pos, ok
+}
+
+func (st *stitcher) verifyAt(f []rowCols, active []bool, pos int) (float32, bool) {
+	diff, count, activeMatches := st.canvasDiff(f, active, pos)
+	ok := count >= stitchMinCanvas && diff <= stitchAcceptDiff && activeMatches >= stitchMinActive
+	return diff, ok
+}
+
+// signed deltas searched outward from the previous one (mark-shot's
+// predictOffsetIter), early-exiting once a diff beats approxDiff
+func (st *stitcher) adjacentOffset(f []rowCols, active []bool) (int, float32) {
+	h := len(f)
+	if len(st.last) != h {
+		return 0, float32(1e9)
+	}
+	limit := max(h-stitchMinCompare-1, 0)
+
+	bestD, bestDiff := 0, float32(1e9)
+	countdown := -1
+	try := func(d int) bool {
+		if d < -limit || d > limit {
+			return false
+		}
+		diff, activeMatches := st.pairDiff(f, active, d)
+		if activeMatches >= stitchMinActive && diff < bestDiff {
+			bestDiff, bestD = diff, d
+		}
+		switch {
+		case bestDiff < stitchApproxDiff/4:
+			return true
+		case bestDiff < stitchApproxDiff && countdown < 0:
+			countdown = 10
+		}
+		if countdown > 0 {
+			countdown--
+		}
+		return countdown == 0
+	}
+
+	if try(st.lastOffset) {
+		return bestD, bestDiff
+	}
+	for k := 1; ; k++ {
+		lo, hi := st.lastOffset-k, st.lastOffset+k
+		if lo < -limit && hi > limit {
+			break
+		}
+		if try(hi) || try(lo) {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	return bestD, bestDiff
+}
+
+func (st *stitcher) pairDiff(f []rowCols, active []bool, d int) (float32, int) {
+	h := len(f)
+	top, bottom := matchIgnores(h)
+	lo := max(top, -d)
+	hi := min(h-bottom, h-d)
+
+	count := hi - lo
+	if count < stitchMinCompare {
+		return float32(1e9), 0
+	}
+	var sum float32
+	activeMatches := 0
+	for i := lo; i < hi; i++ {
+		rd := rowColsDiff(f[i], st.last[i+d])
+		sum += rd
+		if active[i] && rd <= stitchRowMatchTol {
+			activeMatches++
+		}
+	}
+	return sum / float32(count), activeMatches
+}
+
+func (st *stitcher) canvasDiff(f []rowCols, active []bool, pos int) (float32, int, int) {
+	h := len(f)
+	top, bottom := matchIgnores(h)
+	lo := max(top, -pos)
+	hi := min(h-bottom, len(st.cols)-pos)
+
+	count := hi - lo
+	if count < 1 {
+		return float32(1e9), 0, 0
+	}
+	var sum float32
+	activeMatches := 0
+	for i := lo; i < hi; i++ {
+		rd := rowColsDiff(f[i], st.cols[pos+i])
+		sum += rd
+		if active[i] && rd <= stitchRowMatchTol {
+			activeMatches++
+		}
+	}
+	return sum / float32(count), count, activeMatches
+}
+
+// mark-shot's findEdgePosition (nearOnly: edges + prediction window, 1px) and
+// findKnownPosition (coarse sweep refined around the winner)
+func (st *stitcher) scanPositions(f []rowCols, active []bool, pred int, nearOnly bool) (int, float32, bool) {
+	h := len(f)
+	C := len(st.cols)
+	minPos := stitchMinCanvas - h
+	maxPos := C - stitchMinCanvas
+
+	bestPos, bestDiff := 0, float32(1e9)
+	bestDist := 1 << 30
+	consider := func(pos int) {
+		if pos < minPos || pos > maxPos {
+			return
+		}
+		diff, ok := st.verifyAt(f, active, pos)
+		if !ok {
+			return
+		}
+		dist := pos - pred
+		if dist < 0 {
+			dist = -dist
+		}
+		better := diff < bestDiff
+		if !nearOnly {
+			better = dist < bestDist || dist == bestDist && diff < bestDiff
+		}
+		if better {
+			bestPos, bestDiff, bestDist = pos, diff, dist
+		}
+	}
+
+	if nearOnly {
+		for pos := pred - stitchPredictWindow; pos <= pred+stitchPredictWindow; pos++ {
+			consider(pos)
+		}
+		for pos := C - h; pos <= maxPos; pos++ {
+			consider(pos)
+		}
+		for pos := minPos; pos <= 0; pos++ {
+			consider(pos)
+		}
+		if bestDiff > stitchAcceptDiff {
+			return 0, 0, false
+		}
+		return bestPos, bestDiff, true
+	}
+
+	for pos := minPos; pos <= maxPos; pos += stitchCoarseStep {
+		consider(pos)
+	}
+	if bestDiff > stitchAcceptDiff {
+		return 0, 0, false
+	}
+
+	refined, refinedDiff := bestPos, bestDiff
+	for pos := bestPos - stitchCoarseStep + 1; pos < bestPos+stitchCoarseStep; pos++ {
+		if pos == bestPos {
+			continue
+		}
+		if diff, ok := st.verifyAt(f, active, pos); ok && diff < refinedDiff {
+			refined, refinedDiff = pos, diff
+		}
+	}
+	return refined, refinedDiff, true
+}
+
+func (st *stitcher) appendRows(frame []byte, f []rowCols, from int) int {
+	n := len(f) - from
+	if room := st.maxRows - len(st.cols); n > room {
+		n = room
+		st.full = true
+	}
+	if n <= 0 {
+		st.full = true
+		return 0
+	}
+
+	st.canvas = append(st.canvas, frame[from*st.stride:(from+n)*st.stride]...)
+	st.cols = append(st.cols, f[from:from+n]...)
+	return n
+}
+
+func (st *stitcher) prependRows(frame []byte, f []rowCols, n int) int {
+	if room := st.maxRows - len(st.cols); n > room {
+		n = room
+		st.full = true
+	}
+	if n <= 0 {
+		st.full = true
+		return 0
+	}
+
+	canvas := make([]byte, n*st.stride+len(st.canvas))
+	copy(canvas, frame[:n*st.stride])
+	copy(canvas[n*st.stride:], st.canvas)
+	st.canvas = canvas
+
+	cols := make([]rowCols, 0, n+len(st.cols))
+	cols = append(cols, f[:n]...)
+	st.cols = append(cols, st.cols...)
+	return n
+}
+
+func abs32(f float32) float32 {
+	if f < 0 {
+		return -f
+	}
+	return f
+}

core/internal/screenshot/stitch_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+package screenshot
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"math/rand"
+	"slices"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+const (
+	testStride = 512
+	testFrameH = 240
+)
+
+func makePage(t *testing.T, rows int) []byte {
+	t.Helper()
+	rng := rand.New(rand.NewSource(42))
+	page := make([]byte, rows*testStride)
+	rng.Read(page)
+	return page
+}
+
+func frameAt(page []byte, top int) []byte {
+	return page[top*testStride : (top+testFrameH)*testStride]
+}
+
+func pushFrame(st *stitcher, frame []byte) int {
+	n, _ := st.pushFrame(frame, st.rowSamples(frame))
+	return n
+}
+
+func TestStitchSlidingWindows(t *testing.T) {
+	page := makePage(t, 1000)
+
+	for _, delta := range []int{20, 60, 110} {
+		st := newStitcher(testStride)
+		lastTop := 0
+		for top := 0; top+testFrameH <= 900; top += delta {
+			lastTop = top
+			pushFrame(st, frameAt(page, top))
+		}
+
+		wantRows := lastTop + testFrameH
+		if st.rows() != wantRows {
+			t.Fatalf("delta %d: got %d rows, want %d", delta, st.rows(), wantRows)
+		}
+		if !bytes.Equal(st.canvas, page[:wantRows*testStride]) {
+			t.Fatalf("delta %d: canvas does not match source rows", delta)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStitchDropsNoOverlap(t *testing.T) {
+	page := makePage(t, 1000)
+	st := newStitcher(testStride)
+
+	pushFrame(st, frameAt(page, 0))
+	if appended := pushFrame(st, frameAt(page, testFrameH+50)); appended != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("unmatched jump appended %d rows", appended)
+	}
+	if !bytes.Equal(st.canvas, page[:testFrameH*testStride]) {
+		t.Fatal("canvas changed on unmatched frame")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStitchNoGrowthCases(t *testing.T) {
+	page := makePage(t, 1000)
+	blank := make([]byte, testFrameH*testStride)
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name          string
+		first, second []byte
+	}{
+		{"identical frame", frameAt(page, 0), frameAt(page, 0)},
+		{"jitter below min append", frameAt(page, 0), frameAt(page, stitchMinAppend-5)},
+		{"blank on blank", blank, blank},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		st := newStitcher(testStride)
+		pushFrame(st, tc.first)
+		if appended := pushFrame(st, tc.second); appended != 0 {
+			t.Fatalf("%s: appended %d rows", tc.name, appended)
+		}
+		if st.rows() != testFrameH {
+			t.Fatalf("%s: got %d rows, want %d", tc.name, st.rows(), testFrameH)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStitchRevisitNeverDuplicates(t *testing.T) {
+	page := makePage(t, 1000)
+	st := newStitcher(testStride)
+
+	pushFrame(st, frameAt(page, 0))
+	pushFrame(st, frameAt(page, 100))
+	pushFrame(st, frameAt(page, 200))
+
+	for _, top := range []int{150, 60, 0, 80, 190} {
+		if appended := pushFrame(st, frameAt(page, top)); appended != 0 {
+			t.Fatalf("revisited frame at %d appended %d rows", top, appended)
+		}
+	}
+	pushFrame(st, frameAt(page, 300))
+
+	wantRows := 300 + testFrameH
+	if st.rows() != wantRows {
+		t.Fatalf("got %d rows, want %d", st.rows(), wantRows)
+	}
+	if !bytes.Equal(st.canvas, page[:wantRows*testStride]) {
+		t.Fatal("canvas corrupted by revisited frames")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStitchScrollUpPrepends(t *testing.T) {
+	page := makePage(t, 1000)
+	st := newStitcher(testStride)
+
+	pushFrame(st, frameAt(page, 500))
+	if appended := pushFrame(st, frameAt(page, 420)); appended != 80 {
+		t.Fatalf("upward frame appended %d rows, want 80", appended)
+	}
+	pushFrame(st, frameAt(page, 560))
+
+	if !bytes.Equal(st.canvas, page[420*testStride:(560+testFrameH)*testStride]) {
+		t.Fatal("canvas does not match page range after prepend + append")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStitchNoisyChromeStillMatches(t *testing.T) {
+	page := makePage(t, 1000)
+	st := newStitcher(testStride)
+
+	addChrome := func(frame []byte, seed byte) []byte {
+		f := slices.Clone(frame)
+		for y := range testFrameH {
+			for x := range 32 {
+				f[y*testStride+x] = seed + byte(y)
+			}
+		}
+		for y := 100; y < 124; y++ {
+			for x := testStride / 2; x < testStride/2+40; x++ {
+				f[y*testStride+x] ^= 0x08
+			}
+		}
+		return f
+	}
+
+	pushFrame(st, addChrome(frameAt(page, 0), 1))
+	if appended := pushFrame(st, addChrome(frameAt(page, 90), 2)); appended != 90 {
+		t.Fatalf("appended %d rows, want 90", appended)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStitchMaxRowsCap(t *testing.T) {
+	page := makePage(t, 1000)
+	st := newStitcher(testStride)
+	st.maxRows = testFrameH + 10
+
+	pushFrame(st, frameAt(page, 0))
+	if appended := pushFrame(st, frameAt(page, 100)); appended != 10 {
+		t.Fatalf("appended %d rows past cap, want 10", appended)
+	}
+	if !st.full {
+		t.Fatal("stitcher not marked full at cap")
+	}
+	if pushFrame(st, frameAt(page, 300)) != 0 {
+		t.Fatal("push after full appended rows")
+	}
+}

core/internal/screenshot/types.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ const (
 	ModeAllScreens
 	ModeOutput
 	ModeLastRegion
+	ModeScroll
 )
 
 type Format int
@@ -62,6 +63,7 @@ type Config struct {
 	SaveFile   bool
 	Notify     bool
 	Stdout     bool
+	IntervalMs int
 }
 
 func DefaultConfig() Config {

core/internal/server/bluez/manager.go

@@ -43,10 +43,10 @@ func NewManager() (*Manager, error) {
 	broker := NewSubscriptionBroker(m.broadcastPairingPrompt)
 	m.promptBroker = broker
 
-	adapter, err := m.findAdapter()
+	adapter, err := findAdapter(conn)
 	if err != nil {
 		conn.Close()
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no bluetooth adapter found: %w", err)
+		return nil, err
 	}
 	m.adapterPath = adapter
 
@@ -74,12 +74,12 @@ func NewManager() (*Manager, error) {
 	return m, nil
 }
 
-func (m *Manager) findAdapter() (dbus.ObjectPath, error) {
-	obj := m.dbusConn.Object(bluezService, dbus.ObjectPath("/"))
+func findAdapter(conn *dbus.Conn) (dbus.ObjectPath, error) {
+	obj := conn.Object(bluezService, dbus.ObjectPath("/"))
 	var objects map[dbus.ObjectPath]map[string]map[string]dbus.Variant
 
 	if err := obj.Call(objectMgrIface+".GetManagedObjects", 0).Store(&objects); err != nil {
-		return "", err
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("%w: %v", ErrNoAdapter, err)
 	}
 
 	for path, interfaces := range objects {
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ func (m *Manager) findAdapter() (dbus.ObjectPath, error) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	return "", fmt.Errorf("no adapter found")
+	return "", ErrNoAdapter
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) initialize() error {
@@ -487,6 +487,11 @@ func (m *Manager) StopDiscovery() error {
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) SetPowered(powered bool) error {
+	if powered {
+		if err := rfkillUnblockBluetooth(); err != nil {
+			log.Debugf("[BluezManager] rfkill unblock failed: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
 	obj := m.dbusConn.Object(bluezService, m.adapterPath)
 	return obj.Call(propertiesIface+".Set", 0, adapter1Iface, "Powered", dbus.MakeVariant(powered)).Err
 }

core/internal/server/bluez/rfkill_freebsd.go

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+package bluez
+
+func rfkillUnblockBluetooth() error {
+	return nil
+}

core/internal/server/bluez/rfkill_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package bluez
+
+import "os"
+
+// linux/rfkill.h: struct rfkill_event { __u32 idx; __u8 type; __u8 op; __u8 soft; __u8 hard; },
+// RFKILL_TYPE_BLUETOOTH=2, RFKILL_OP_CHANGE_ALL=3
+func rfkillUnblockBluetooth() error {
+	f, err := os.OpenFile("/dev/rfkill", os.O_WRONLY, 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+
+	var event [8]byte
+	event[4] = 2
+	event[5] = 3
+	_, err = f.Write(event[:])
+	return err
+}

core/internal/server/bluez/watcher.go

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+package bluez
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/godbus/dbus/v5"
+)
+
+var ErrNoAdapter = errors.New("no bluetooth adapter found")
+
+func WaitForAdapter() error {
+	conn, err := dbus.ConnectSystemBus()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	if err := conn.AddMatchSignal(
+		dbus.WithMatchInterface(objectMgrIface),
+		dbus.WithMatchMember("InterfacesAdded"),
+	); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	signals := make(chan *dbus.Signal, 64)
+	conn.Signal(signals)
+
+	if _, err := findAdapter(conn); err == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	for sig := range signals {
+		if sig == nil || sig.Name != objectMgrIface+".InterfacesAdded" || len(sig.Body) < 2 {
+			continue
+		}
+		ifaces, ok := sig.Body[1].(map[string]map[string]dbus.Variant)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, ok := ifaces[adapter1Iface]; ok {
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+	return fmt.Errorf("dbus signal stream closed")
+}

core/internal/server/clipboard/handlers.go

@@ -138,6 +138,7 @@ func handleCopyEntry(conn net.Conn, req models.Request, m *Manager) {
 		return
 	}
 
+	if entry.AltMimeType == "" {
 		filePath := m.EntryToFile(entry)
 		if filePath != "" {
 			if err := m.CopyFile(filePath); err != nil {
@@ -150,8 +151,9 @@ func handleCopyEntry(conn net.Conn, req models.Request, m *Manager) {
 			})
 			return
 		}
+	}
 
-	if err := m.SetClipboard(entry.Data, entry.MimeType); err != nil {
+	if err := m.SetClipboardEntry(entry); err != nil {
 		models.RespondError(conn, req.ID, err.Error())
 		return
 	}

core/internal/server/clipboard/manager.go

@@ -279,7 +279,29 @@ func (m *Manager) setupDataDeviceSync() {
 		}
 		w.Close()
 
-		go m.readAndStore(r, preferredMime)
+		altMime := ""
+		if m.isImageMimeType(preferredMime) && !slices.Contains(mimes, "x-special/gnome-copied-files") {
+			altMime = selectAltTextMimeType(mimes)
+		}
+		if altMime == "" {
+			go m.readAndStore(r, preferredMime, nil, "")
+			return
+		}
+
+		altR, altW, err := os.Pipe()
+		if err != nil {
+			go m.readAndStore(r, preferredMime, nil, "")
+			return
+		}
+		if err := typedOffer.Receive(altMime, int(altW.Fd())); err != nil {
+			altR.Close()
+			altW.Close()
+			go m.readAndStore(r, preferredMime, nil, "")
+			return
+		}
+		altW.Close()
+
+		go m.readAndStore(r, preferredMime, altR, altMime)
 	})
 
 	if err := dataMgr.GetDataDeviceWithProxy(dataDevice, m.seat); err != nil {
@@ -324,22 +346,42 @@ func (m *Manager) releaseCurrentSource() {
 	source.Destroy()
 }
 
-func (m *Manager) readAndStore(r *os.File, mimeType string) {
-	defer r.Close()
-
-	cfg := m.getConfig()
-
+func readPipeTimeout(r *os.File) []byte {
 	done := make(chan []byte, 1)
 	go func() {
 		data, _ := io.ReadAll(r)
 		done <- data
 	}()
 
-	var data []byte
 	select {
-	case data = <-done:
+	case data := <-done:
+		return data
 	case <-time.After(500 * time.Millisecond):
-		return
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) readAndStore(r *os.File, mimeType string, altR *os.File, altMime string) {
+	defer r.Close()
+
+	cfg := m.getConfig()
+
+	altCh := make(chan []byte, 1)
+	switch altR {
+	case nil:
+		altCh <- nil
+	default:
+		go func() {
+			defer altR.Close()
+			altCh <- readPipeTimeout(altR)
+		}()
+	}
+
+	data := readPipeTimeout(r)
+	altData := <-altCh
+
+	if len(bytes.TrimSpace(altData)) == 0 || int64(len(altData)) > cfg.MaxEntrySize {
+		altData, altMime = nil, ""
 	}
 
 	if len(data) == 0 || int64(len(data)) > cfg.MaxEntrySize {
@@ -350,14 +392,14 @@ func (m *Manager) readAndStore(r *os.File, mimeType string) {
 	}
 
 	if !cfg.Disabled && m.db != nil {
-		m.storeClipboardEntry(data, mimeType)
+		m.storeClipboardEntry(data, mimeType, altData, altMime)
 	}
 
 	m.updateState()
 	m.notifySubscribers()
 }
 
-func (m *Manager) storeClipboardEntry(data []byte, mimeType string) {
+func (m *Manager) storeClipboardEntry(data []byte, mimeType string, altData []byte, altMime string) {
 	if mimeType == "text/uri-list" {
 		if imgData, imgMime, ok := m.tryReadImageFromURI(data); ok {
 			data = imgData
@@ -371,6 +413,8 @@ func (m *Manager) storeClipboardEntry(data []byte, mimeType string) {
 		Size:        len(data),
 		Timestamp:   time.Now(),
 		IsImage:     m.isImageMimeType(mimeType),
+		AltData:     altData,
+		AltMimeType: altMime,
 	}
 
 	switch {
@@ -483,6 +527,12 @@ func encodeEntry(e Entry) ([]byte, error) {
 	} else {
 		buf.WriteByte(0)
 	}
+	if e.AltMimeType != "" {
+		binary.Write(buf, binary.BigEndian, uint32(len(e.AltMimeType)))
+		buf.WriteString(e.AltMimeType)
+		binary.Write(buf, binary.BigEndian, uint32(len(e.AltData)))
+		buf.Write(e.AltData)
+	}
 
 	return buf.Bytes(), nil
 }
@@ -547,6 +597,21 @@ func decodeEntryFields(data []byte, withData bool) (Entry, error) {
 		e.Pinned = pinnedByte == 1
 	}
 
+	if buf.Len() >= 4 {
+		var altMimeLen uint32
+		binary.Read(buf, binary.BigEndian, &altMimeLen)
+		altMimeBytes := make([]byte, altMimeLen)
+		buf.Read(altMimeBytes)
+		e.AltMimeType = string(altMimeBytes)
+
+		var altDataLen uint32
+		binary.Read(buf, binary.BigEndian, &altDataLen)
+		if withData {
+			e.AltData = make([]byte, altDataLen)
+			buf.Read(e.AltData)
+		}
+	}
+
 	return e, nil
 }
 
@@ -563,10 +628,27 @@ func computeHash(data []byte) uint64 {
 }
 
 func extractHash(data []byte) uint64 {
-	if len(data) < 9 {
+	buf := bytes.NewReader(data)
+	if _, err := buf.Seek(8, io.SeekStart); err != nil {
 		return 0
 	}
-	return binary.BigEndian.Uint64(data[len(data)-9 : len(data)-1])
+	for range 3 { // data, mime type, preview
+		var length uint32
+		if binary.Read(buf, binary.BigEndian, &length) != nil {
+			return 0
+		}
+		if _, err := buf.Seek(int64(length), io.SeekCurrent); err != nil {
+			return 0
+		}
+	}
+	if _, err := buf.Seek(4+8+1, io.SeekCurrent); err != nil { // size, timestamp, isImage
+		return 0
+	}
+	var hash uint64
+	if binary.Read(buf, binary.BigEndian, &hash) != nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return hash
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) hasSensitiveMimeType(mimes []string) bool {
@@ -611,6 +693,23 @@ func (m *Manager) selectMimeType(mimes []string) string {
 	return ""
 }
 
+var altTextMimeTypes = []string{
+	"text/plain;charset=utf-8",
+	"text/plain",
+	"UTF8_STRING",
+	"STRING",
+	"TEXT",
+}
+
+func selectAltTextMimeType(mimes []string) string {
+	for _, pref := range altTextMimeTypes {
+		if slices.Contains(mimes, pref) {
+			return pref
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
 func (m *Manager) isImageMimeType(mime string) bool {
 	return strings.HasPrefix(mime, "image/")
 }
@@ -936,6 +1035,8 @@ func (m *Manager) CreateHistoryEntryFromPinned(pinnedEntry *Entry) error {
 		IsImage:     pinnedEntry.IsImage,
 		Preview:     pinnedEntry.Preview,
 		Pinned:      false,
+		AltData:     pinnedEntry.AltData,
+		AltMimeType: pinnedEntry.AltMimeType,
 	}
 
 	if err := m.storeEntry(newEntry); err != nil {
@@ -1061,6 +1162,23 @@ func (m *Manager) SetClipboard(data []byte, mimeType string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// SetClipboardEntry takes the selection serving the entry's primary
+// representation plus its stored alternate, so history restores keep
+// both the text and image sides pasteable.
+func (m *Manager) SetClipboardEntry(entry *Entry) error {
+	if int64(len(entry.Data)) > m.config.MaxEntrySize {
+		return fmt.Errorf("data too large")
+	}
+
+	offers := clipboardstore.ExpandOffers(slices.Clone(entry.Data), entry.MimeType)
+	if entry.AltMimeType != "" {
+		offers = append(offers, clipboardstore.ExpandOffers(slices.Clone(entry.AltData), entry.AltMimeType)...)
+	}
+
+	m.takeSelection(offers)
+	return nil
+}
+
 // takeSelection makes the daemon the selection owner, serving the given
 // offers until another client claims the clipboard.
 func (m *Manager) takeSelection(offers []clipboardstore.Offer) {
@@ -1154,16 +1272,20 @@ func (m *Manager) PasteText() (string, error) {
 	}
 
 	entry := history[0]
-	if entry.IsImage {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("clipboard contains image, not text")
-	}
 
 	fullEntry, err := m.GetEntry(entry.ID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
 
+	switch {
+	case !fullEntry.IsImage:
 		return string(fullEntry.Data), nil
+	case fullEntry.AltMimeType != "":
+		return string(fullEntry.AltData), nil
+	default:
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("clipboard contains image, not text")
+	}
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) Close() {
@@ -1839,21 +1961,34 @@ func (m *Manager) EntryToFile(entry *Entry) string {
 	return ""
 }
 
+func (m *Manager) dbusConnForFlatpak() (*dbus.Conn, error) {
+	m.dbusConnMutex.Lock()
+	defer m.dbusConnMutex.Unlock()
+
+	if m.dbusConn != nil {
+		return m.dbusConn, nil
+	}
+
+	conn, err := dbus.ConnectSessionBus()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("connect session bus: %w", err)
+	}
+	if !conn.SupportsUnixFDs() {
+		conn.Close()
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("D-Bus connection does not support Unix FD passing")
+	}
+	m.dbusConn = conn
+	return conn, nil
+}
+
 func (m *Manager) ExportFileForFlatpak(filePath string) (string, error) {
 	if _, err := os.Stat(filePath); err != nil {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("file not found: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	if m.dbusConn == nil {
-		conn, err := dbus.ConnectSessionBus()
+	dbusConn, err := m.dbusConnForFlatpak()
 	if err != nil {
-			return "", fmt.Errorf("connect session bus: %w", err)
-		}
-		if !conn.SupportsUnixFDs() {
-			conn.Close()
-			return "", fmt.Errorf("D-Bus connection does not support Unix FD passing")
-		}
-		m.dbusConn = conn
+		return "", err
 	}
 
 	file, err := os.Open(filePath)
@@ -1862,7 +1997,7 @@ func (m *Manager) ExportFileForFlatpak(filePath string) (string, error) {
 	}
 	fd := int(file.Fd())
 
-	portal := m.dbusConn.Object("org.freedesktop.portal.Documents", "/org/freedesktop/portal/documents")
+	portal := dbusConn.Object("org.freedesktop.portal.Documents", "/org/freedesktop/portal/documents")
 
 	var docIds []string
 	var extra map[string]dbus.Variant

core/internal/server/clipboard/manager_test.go

@@ -144,6 +144,72 @@ func TestEncodeDecodeEntry_LargeData(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, original.Size, decoded.Size)
 }
 
+func TestEncodeDecodeEntry_AltRepresentation(t *testing.T) {
+	original := Entry{
+		ID:          555,
+		Data:        []byte{0x42, 0x4D, 0x01, 0x02},
+		MimeType:    "image/bmp",
+		Preview:     "[[ image 4 B bmp 85x19 ]]",
+		Size:        4,
+		Timestamp:   time.Now().Truncate(time.Second),
+		IsImage:     true,
+		Hash:        computeHash([]byte{0x42, 0x4D, 0x01, 0x02}),
+		Pinned:      true,
+		AltData:     []byte("real text from OneNote"),
+		AltMimeType: "text/plain;charset=utf-8",
+	}
+
+	encoded, err := encodeEntry(original)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	decoded, err := decodeEntry(encoded)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, original.Data, decoded.Data)
+	assert.Equal(t, original.MimeType, decoded.MimeType)
+	assert.True(t, decoded.Pinned)
+	assert.Equal(t, original.AltData, decoded.AltData)
+	assert.Equal(t, original.AltMimeType, decoded.AltMimeType)
+
+	meta, err := decodeEntryMeta(encoded)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Empty(t, meta.Data)
+	assert.Equal(t, original.AltMimeType, meta.AltMimeType)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, original.Hash, extractHash(encoded))
+}
+
+func TestExtractHash_NoAlt(t *testing.T) {
+	entry := Entry{
+		ID:        1,
+		Data:      []byte("plain entry"),
+		MimeType:  "text/plain",
+		Preview:   "plain entry",
+		Size:      11,
+		Timestamp: time.Now().Truncate(time.Second),
+		Hash:      computeHash([]byte("plain entry")),
+	}
+
+	encoded, err := encodeEntry(entry)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, entry.Hash, extractHash(encoded))
+}
+
+func TestSelectAltTextMimeType(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		mimes    []string
+		expected string
+	}{
+		{[]string{"image/bmp", "TEXT", "text/html", "text/plain", "text/plain;charset=utf-8", "UTF8_STRING"}, "text/plain;charset=utf-8"},
+		{[]string{"image/png", "UTF8_STRING"}, "UTF8_STRING"},
+		{[]string{"image/png", "text/html"}, ""},
+		{[]string{"image/png"}, ""},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, selectAltTextMimeType(tt.mimes))
+	}
+}
+
 func TestStateEqual_BothNil(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.False(t, stateEqual(nil, nil))
 }

core/internal/server/clipboard/types.go

@@ -104,6 +104,8 @@ type Entry struct {
 	IsImage     bool      `json:"isImage"`
 	Hash        uint64    `json:"hash,omitempty"`
 	Pinned      bool      `json:"pinned"`
+	AltData     []byte    `json:"altData,omitempty"`
+	AltMimeType string    `json:"altMimeType,omitempty"`
 }
 
 type State struct {
@@ -153,7 +155,9 @@ type Manager struct {
 	notifierWg  sync.WaitGroup
 	lastState   *State
 
+	// lazily created by dbusConnForFlatpak under dbusConnMutex
 	dbusConn      *dbus.Conn
+	dbusConnMutex sync.Mutex
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) GetState() State {

core/internal/server/cups/manager.go

@@ -229,6 +229,9 @@ func (m *Manager) snapshotState() CUPSState {
 func (m *Manager) Subscribe(id string) chan CUPSState {
 	ch := make(chan CUPSState, 64)
 
+	m.subLifecycleMu.Lock()
+	defer m.subLifecycleMu.Unlock()
+
 	wasEmpty := true
 	m.subscribers.Range(func(key string, ch chan CUPSState) bool {
 		wasEmpty = false
@@ -237,19 +240,25 @@ func (m *Manager) Subscribe(id string) chan CUPSState {
 
 	m.subscribers.Store(id, ch)
 
-	if wasEmpty && m.subscription != nil {
+	if !wasEmpty || m.subscription == nil {
+		return ch
+	}
+
 	if err := m.subscription.Start(); err != nil {
 		log.Warnf("[CUPS] Failed to start subscription manager: %v", err)
-		} else {
+		return ch
+	}
+
 	m.eventWG.Add(1)
 	go m.eventHandler()
-		}
-	}
 
 	return ch
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) Unsubscribe(id string) {
+	m.subLifecycleMu.Lock()
+	defer m.subLifecycleMu.Unlock()
+
 	if val, ok := m.subscribers.LoadAndDelete(id); ok {
 		close(val)
 	}
@@ -260,18 +269,22 @@ func (m *Manager) Unsubscribe(id string) {
 		return false
 	})
 
-	if isEmpty && m.subscription != nil {
+	if !isEmpty || m.subscription == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
 	m.subscription.Stop()
 	m.eventWG.Wait()
-	}
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) Close() {
 	close(m.stopChan)
 
+	m.subLifecycleMu.Lock()
 	if m.subscription != nil {
 		m.subscription.Stop()
 	}
+	m.subLifecycleMu.Unlock()
 
 	m.eventWG.Wait()
 	m.notifierWg.Wait()

core/internal/server/cups/manager_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 package cups
 
 import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"sync"
 	"testing"
 
 	mocks_cups "github.com/AvengeMedia/DankMaterialShell/core/internal/mocks/cups"
@@ -75,6 +78,67 @@ func TestManager_Subscribe(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, 0, count)
 }
 
+// mirrors the real managers: eventChan guarded by mu, conn/running deliberately
+// unsynchronized so overlapping Start/Stop trips the race detector
+type stubSubscription struct {
+	mu      sync.Mutex
+	events  chan SubscriptionEvent
+	conn    *int
+	running bool
+}
+
+func (s *stubSubscription) Start() error {
+	if s.running {
+		return errors.New("already running")
+	}
+	s.running = true
+
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	s.events = make(chan SubscriptionEvent)
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	v := 0
+	s.conn = &v
+	*s.conn++
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *stubSubscription) Stop() {
+	if !s.running {
+		return
+	}
+	s.running = false
+	s.conn = nil
+
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	close(s.events)
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+func (s *stubSubscription) Events() <-chan SubscriptionEvent {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	return s.events
+}
+
+func TestManager_SubscribeUnsubscribeRace(t *testing.T) {
+	m := NewTestManager(mocks_cups.NewMockCUPSClientInterface(t), nil)
+	m.subscription = &stubSubscription{}
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	for i := range 8 {
+		wg.Go(func() {
+			id := fmt.Sprintf("client-%d", i)
+			for range 50 {
+				m.Subscribe(id)
+				m.Unsubscribe(id)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+}
+
 func TestManager_Close(t *testing.T) {
 	mockClient := mocks_cups.NewMockCUPSClientInterface(t)
 

core/internal/server/cups/subscription.go

@@ -37,6 +37,9 @@ func (sm *SubscriptionManager) Start() error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("subscription manager already running")
 	}
 	sm.running = true
+	// replace the channel closed by the previous Stop(); doing it here rather
+	// than in Stop() guarantees a lagging eventHandler still observes the close
+	sm.eventChan = make(chan SubscriptionEvent, 100)
 	sm.mu.Unlock()
 
 	subID, err := sm.createSubscription()
@@ -206,6 +209,8 @@ func (sm *SubscriptionManager) parseEvent(attrs ipp.Attributes) SubscriptionEven
 }
 
 func (sm *SubscriptionManager) Events() <-chan SubscriptionEvent {
+	sm.mu.Lock()
+	defer sm.mu.Unlock()
 	return sm.eventChan
 }
 
@@ -228,6 +233,13 @@ func (sm *SubscriptionManager) Stop() {
 	}
 
 	sm.stopChan = make(chan struct{})
+
+	// the writer (notificationLoop) joined above, so closing is safe; without
+	// this close Manager.eventHandler never returns and Unsubscribe deadlocks
+	// on eventWG.Wait(). Start() allocates the replacement.
+	sm.mu.Lock()
+	close(sm.eventChan)
+	sm.mu.Unlock()
 }
 
 func (sm *SubscriptionManager) cancelSubscription() {

core/internal/server/cups/subscription_dbus.go

@@ -38,6 +38,8 @@ func (sm *DBusSubscriptionManager) Start() error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("subscription manager already running")
 	}
 	sm.running = true
+	// replaced here rather than in Stop(); see SubscriptionManager.Start()
+	sm.eventChan = make(chan SubscriptionEvent, 100)
 	sm.mu.Unlock()
 
 	conn, err := dbus.ConnectSystemBus()
@@ -252,6 +254,8 @@ func (sm *DBusSubscriptionManager) parseDBusSignal(sig *dbus.Signal) Subscriptio
 }
 
 func (sm *DBusSubscriptionManager) Events() <-chan SubscriptionEvent {
+	sm.mu.Lock()
+	defer sm.mu.Unlock()
 	return sm.eventChan
 }
 
@@ -278,6 +282,12 @@ func (sm *DBusSubscriptionManager) Stop() {
 	}
 
 	sm.stopChan = make(chan struct{})
+
+	// the writer (dbusListenerLoop) joined above, so closing is safe; see
+	// SubscriptionManager.Stop()
+	sm.mu.Lock()
+	close(sm.eventChan)
+	sm.mu.Unlock()
 }
 
 func (sm *DBusSubscriptionManager) cancelSubscription() {

core/internal/server/cups/types.go

@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@ type Manager struct {
 	client            CUPSClientInterface
 	pkHelper          PkHelper
 	subscription      SubscriptionManagerInterface
+	subLifecycleMu    sync.Mutex
 	stateMutex        sync.RWMutex
 	subscribers       syncmap.Map[string, chan CUPSState]
 	stopChan          chan struct{}

core/internal/server/dbus/handlers.go

@@ -201,6 +201,10 @@ func handleListNames(conn net.Conn, req models.Request, m *Manager) {
 }
 
 func handleSubscribe(conn net.Conn, req models.Request, m *Manager, clientID string) {
+	if id := params.StringOpt(req.Params, "clientId", ""); id != "" {
+		clientID = id
+	}
+
 	bus, err := params.String(req.Params, "bus")
 	if err != nil {
 		models.RespondError(conn, req.ID, err.Error())

core/internal/server/freedesktop/manager.go

@@ -137,22 +137,25 @@ func (m *Manager) consumeSelfEcho(value uint32) bool {
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) watchSettingsChanges() {
-	conn, err := dbus.ConnectSessionBus()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Warnf("color-scheme watcher: session bus connect: %v", err)
+	// reuse the shared session connection; a dedicated one was unreachable
+	// from Close() and leaked with this goroutine
+	if m.sessionConn == nil {
 		return
 	}
+	conn := m.sessionConn
 
 	if err := conn.AddMatchSignal(
 		dbus.WithMatchInterface(dbusPortalSettingsInterface),
 		dbus.WithMatchMember("SettingChanged"),
 	); err != nil {
 		log.Warnf("Failed to watch portal settings changes: %v", err)
-		conn.Close()
 		return
 	}
 
 	signals := make(chan *dbus.Signal, 64)
+	m.stateMutex.Lock()
+	m.settingsSignals = signals
+	m.stateMutex.Unlock()
 	conn.Signal(signals)
 
 	for sig := range signals {
@@ -309,6 +312,18 @@ func (m *Manager) Close() {
 		m.systemConn.Close()
 	}
 	if m.sessionConn != nil {
+		m.sessionConn.RemoveMatchSignal(
+			dbus.WithMatchInterface(dbusPortalSettingsInterface),
+			dbus.WithMatchMember("SettingChanged"),
+		)
+		m.stateMutex.Lock()
+		signals := m.settingsSignals
+		m.settingsSignals = nil
+		m.stateMutex.Unlock()
+		if signals != nil {
+			m.sessionConn.RemoveSignal(signals)
+			close(signals)
+		}
 		m.sessionConn.Close()
 	}
 }

core/internal/server/freedesktop/types.go

@@ -71,4 +71,6 @@ type Manager struct {
 	screensaverGnomeClaimed       bool
 	selfEchoMu                    sync.Mutex
 	selfEchoes                    []colorSchemeEcho
+	// registered on sessionConn by watchSettingsChanges; guarded by stateMutex
+	settingsSignals chan *dbus.Signal
 }

core/internal/server/network/agent_iwd.go

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ type IWDAgent struct {
 	prompts           PromptBroker
 	onUserCanceled    func()
 	onPromptRetry     func(ssid string)
+	takePendingSecret func(ssid string) (string, bool)
 	lastRequestSSID   string
 	stateChecker      ConnectionStateChecker
 }
@@ -119,6 +120,13 @@ func (a *IWDAgent) RequestPassphrase(network dbus.ObjectPath) (string, *dbus.Err
 		return "", dbus.NewError("net.connman.iwd.Agent.Error.Canceled", nil)
 	}
 
+	if a.takePendingSecret != nil {
+		if psk, ok := a.takePendingSecret(ssid); ok {
+			a.lastRequestSSID = ssid
+			return psk, nil
+		}
+	}
+
 	if a.prompts == nil {
 		if a.onUserCanceled != nil {
 			a.onUserCanceled()
@@ -126,19 +134,24 @@ func (a *IWDAgent) RequestPassphrase(network dbus.ObjectPath) (string, *dbus.Err
 		return "", dbus.NewError("net.connman.iwd.Agent.Error.Canceled", nil)
 	}
 
-	if a.lastRequestSSID == ssid {
-		if a.onPromptRetry != nil {
+	retry := a.lastRequestSSID == ssid
+	if retry && a.onPromptRetry != nil {
 		a.onPromptRetry(ssid)
 	}
-	}
 	a.lastRequestSSID = ssid
 
+	reason := ""
+	if retry {
+		reason = "wrong-password"
+	}
+
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Minute)
 	defer cancel()
 
 	token, err := a.prompts.Ask(ctx, PromptRequest{
 		SSID:   ssid,
 		Fields: []string{"psk"},
+		Reason: reason,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		if a.onUserCanceled != nil {

core/internal/server/network/backend_iwd.go

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ const (
 type connectAttempt struct {
 	ssid           string
 	netPath        dbus.ObjectPath
+	saved          bool
 	start          time.Time
 	deadline       time.Time
 	sawAuthish     bool
@@ -53,6 +54,37 @@ type IWDBackend struct {
 	attemptMutex  sync.RWMutex
 	recentScans   map[string]time.Time
 	recentScansMu sync.Mutex
+	pendingPSK    *pendingReplacementPSK
+	pendingPSKMu  sync.Mutex
+}
+
+type pendingReplacementPSK struct {
+	ssid    string
+	psk     string
+	expires time.Time
+}
+
+func (b *IWDBackend) storePendingPSK(ssid, psk string) {
+	b.pendingPSKMu.Lock()
+	b.pendingPSK = &pendingReplacementPSK{
+		ssid:    ssid,
+		psk:     psk,
+		expires: time.Now().Add(30 * time.Second),
+	}
+	b.pendingPSKMu.Unlock()
+}
+
+func (b *IWDBackend) takePendingPSK(ssid string) (string, bool) {
+	b.pendingPSKMu.Lock()
+	defer b.pendingPSKMu.Unlock()
+
+	pending := b.pendingPSK
+	if pending == nil || pending.ssid != ssid || time.Now().After(pending.expires) {
+		return "", false
+	}
+
+	b.pendingPSK = nil
+	return pending.psk, true
 }
 
 func NewIWDBackend() (*IWDBackend, error) {

core/internal/server/network/backend_iwd_signals.go

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ func (b *IWDBackend) StartMonitoring(onStateChange func()) error {
 		}
 		agent.onUserCanceled = b.OnUserCanceledPrompt
 		agent.onPromptRetry = b.OnPromptRetry
+		agent.takePendingSecret = b.takePendingPSK
 		b.iwdAgent = agent
 	}
 

core/internal/server/network/backend_iwd_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package network
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
@@ -314,6 +315,133 @@ func TestConnectAttempt_Finalization(t *testing.T) {
 	backend.stateMutex.RUnlock()
 }
 
+func TestIWDBackend_PendingPSK(t *testing.T) {
+	backend, _ := NewIWDBackend()
+
+	_, ok := backend.takePendingPSK("Home")
+	assert.False(t, ok)
+
+	backend.storePendingPSK("Home", "newpass")
+
+	_, ok = backend.takePendingPSK("Other")
+	assert.False(t, ok, "pending PSK should not match a different SSID")
+
+	psk, ok := backend.takePendingPSK("Home")
+	assert.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, "newpass", psk)
+
+	_, ok = backend.takePendingPSK("Home")
+	assert.False(t, ok, "pending PSK should be consumed on take")
+
+	backend.storePendingPSK("Home", "newpass")
+	backend.pendingPSKMu.Lock()
+	backend.pendingPSK.expires = time.Now().Add(-time.Second)
+	backend.pendingPSKMu.Unlock()
+
+	_, ok = backend.takePendingPSK("Home")
+	assert.False(t, ok, "expired pending PSK should not be returned")
+}
+
+type fakePromptBroker struct {
+	asked    chan PromptRequest
+	reply    PromptReply
+	replyErr error
+}
+
+func (f *fakePromptBroker) Ask(ctx context.Context, req PromptRequest) (string, error) {
+	f.asked <- req
+	return "token", nil
+}
+
+func (f *fakePromptBroker) Wait(ctx context.Context, token string) (PromptReply, error) {
+	return f.reply, f.replyErr
+}
+
+func (f *fakePromptBroker) Resolve(token string, reply PromptReply) error { return nil }
+
+func (f *fakePromptBroker) Cancel(path string, setting string) error { return nil }
+
+func TestIWDBackend_BadCredentialsSavedNetwork_PromptsReplacement(t *testing.T) {
+	backend, _ := NewIWDBackend()
+	backend.state = &BackendState{}
+	broker := &fakePromptBroker{
+		asked: make(chan PromptRequest, 1),
+		reply: PromptReply{Cancel: true},
+	}
+	backend.promptBroker = broker
+
+	att := &connectAttempt{
+		ssid:     "Home",
+		netPath:  "/test",
+		saved:    true,
+		start:    time.Now(),
+		deadline: time.Now().Add(15 * time.Second),
+	}
+
+	backend.finalizeAttempt(att, "bad-credentials")
+
+	select {
+	case req := <-broker.asked:
+		assert.Equal(t, "Home", req.SSID)
+		assert.Equal(t, "wrong-password", req.Reason)
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"psk"}, req.Fields)
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("expected replacement credentials prompt for saved network")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIWDBackend_BadCredentialsUnsavedNetwork_NoReplacementPrompt(t *testing.T) {
+	backend, _ := NewIWDBackend()
+	backend.state = &BackendState{}
+	broker := &fakePromptBroker{
+		asked: make(chan PromptRequest, 1),
+		reply: PromptReply{Cancel: true},
+	}
+	backend.promptBroker = broker
+
+	att := &connectAttempt{
+		ssid:     "Home",
+		netPath:  "/test",
+		start:    time.Now(),
+		deadline: time.Now().Add(15 * time.Second),
+	}
+
+	backend.finalizeAttempt(att, "bad-credentials")
+
+	select {
+	case <-broker.asked:
+		t.Fatal("unsaved network should not trigger a replacement prompt")
+	case <-time.After(100 * time.Millisecond):
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIWDBackend_BadCredentialsAfterPromptRetry_NoReplacementPrompt(t *testing.T) {
+	backend, _ := NewIWDBackend()
+	backend.state = &BackendState{}
+	broker := &fakePromptBroker{
+		asked: make(chan PromptRequest, 1),
+		reply: PromptReply{Cancel: true},
+	}
+	backend.promptBroker = broker
+
+	att := &connectAttempt{
+		ssid:           "Home",
+		netPath:        "/test",
+		saved:          true,
+		sawPromptRetry: true,
+		start:          time.Now(),
+		deadline:       time.Now().Add(15 * time.Second),
+	}
+
+	backend.finalizeAttempt(att, "bad-credentials")
+
+	select {
+	case <-broker.asked:
+		t.Fatal("attempt that already prompted should not trigger a replacement prompt")
+	case <-time.After(100 * time.Millisecond):
+	}
+}
+
 func TestConnectAttempt_DoubleFinalization(t *testing.T) {
 	backend, _ := NewIWDBackend()
 	backend.state = &BackendState{}

core/internal/server/network/backend_iwd_wifi.go

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 package network
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/AvengeMedia/DankMaterialShell/core/internal/errdefs"
+	"github.com/AvengeMedia/DankMaterialShell/core/internal/log"
 	"github.com/godbus/dbus/v5"
 )
 
@@ -476,6 +478,73 @@ func (b *IWDBackend) finalizeAttempt(att *connectAttempt, code string) {
 	if b.onStateChange != nil {
 		b.onStateChange()
 	}
+
+	if code == errdefs.ErrBadCredentials {
+		b.maybeReplaceSavedPSK(att)
+	}
+}
+
+func (b *IWDBackend) maybeReplaceSavedPSK(att *connectAttempt) {
+	if b.promptBroker == nil || !att.saved {
+		return
+	}
+
+	att.mu.Lock()
+	prompted := att.sawPromptRetry
+	att.mu.Unlock()
+	if prompted {
+		return
+	}
+
+	b.sigWG.Add(1)
+	go func() {
+		defer b.sigWG.Done()
+		b.requestReplacementPSK(att.ssid)
+	}()
+}
+
+func (b *IWDBackend) requestReplacementPSK(ssid string) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	go func() {
+		select {
+		case <-b.stopChan:
+			cancel()
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+		}
+	}()
+
+	token, err := b.promptBroker.Ask(ctx, PromptRequest{
+		SSID:        ssid,
+		SettingName: "802-11-wireless-security",
+		Fields:      []string{"psk"},
+		Reason:      "wrong-password",
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("failed to request replacement credentials for %s: %v", ssid, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	reply, err := b.promptBroker.Wait(ctx, token)
+	if err != nil || reply.Cancel {
+		return
+	}
+
+	psk, ok := reply.Secrets["psk"]
+	if !ok || psk == "" {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := b.ForgetWiFiNetwork(ssid); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("failed to forget %s before credential replacement: %v", ssid, err)
+	}
+
+	b.storePendingPSK(ssid, psk)
+
+	if err := b.ConnectWiFi(ConnectionRequest{SSID: ssid}); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("failed to reconnect %s with replacement credentials: %v", ssid, err)
+	}
 }
 
 func (b *IWDBackend) startAttemptWatchdog(att *connectAttempt) {
@@ -560,7 +629,7 @@ func (b *IWDBackend) ConnectWiFi(req ConnectionRequest) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("no WiFi device available")
 	}
 
-	networkPath, err := b.findNetworkPath(req.SSID)
+	networkPath, saved, err := b.findNetworkPath(req.SSID)
 	if err != nil {
 		b.setConnectError(errdefs.ErrNoSuchSSID)
 		if b.onStateChange != nil {
@@ -572,6 +641,7 @@ func (b *IWDBackend) ConnectWiFi(req ConnectionRequest) error {
 	att := &connectAttempt{
 		ssid:     req.SSID,
 		netPath:  networkPath,
+		saved:    saved,
 		start:    time.Now(),
 		deadline: time.Now().Add(15 * time.Second),
 	}
@@ -619,26 +689,39 @@ func (b *IWDBackend) ConnectWiFi(req ConnectionRequest) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (b *IWDBackend) findNetworkPath(ssid string) (dbus.ObjectPath, error) {
+func (b *IWDBackend) findNetworkPath(ssid string) (dbus.ObjectPath, bool, error) {
 	obj := b.conn.Object(iwdBusName, iwdObjectPath)
 
 	var objects map[dbus.ObjectPath]map[string]map[string]dbus.Variant
 	err := obj.Call(dbusObjectManager+".GetManagedObjects", 0).Store(&objects)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
+		return "", false, err
 	}
 
+	var netPath dbus.ObjectPath
+	saved := false
 	for path, interfaces := range objects {
 		if netProps, ok := interfaces[iwdNetworkInterface]; ok {
 			if nameVar, ok := netProps["Name"]; ok {
 				if name, ok := nameVar.Value().(string); ok && name == ssid {
-					return path, nil
+					netPath = path
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if knownProps, ok := interfaces[iwdKnownNetworkInterface]; ok {
+			if nameVar, ok := knownProps["Name"]; ok {
+				if name, ok := nameVar.Value().(string); ok && name == ssid {
+					saved = true
 				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	return "", fmt.Errorf("network not found")
+	if netPath == "" {
+		return "", false, fmt.Errorf("network not found")
+	}
+
+	return netPath, saved, nil
 }
 
 func (b *IWDBackend) DisconnectWiFi() error {
@@ -661,6 +744,32 @@ func (b *IWDBackend) DisconnectWiFi() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (b *IWDBackend) abortInFlightConnection(ssid string) {
+	b.stateMutex.Lock()
+	if !b.state.IsConnecting || b.state.ConnectingSSID != ssid {
+		b.stateMutex.Unlock()
+		return
+	}
+	b.state.IsConnecting = false
+	b.state.ConnectingSSID = ""
+	b.state.LastError = ""
+	b.stateMutex.Unlock()
+
+	b.attemptMutex.RLock()
+	att := b.curAttempt
+	b.attemptMutex.RUnlock()
+
+	if att != nil && att.ssid == ssid {
+		att.mu.Lock()
+		att.finalized = true
+		att.mu.Unlock()
+	}
+
+	if err := b.DisconnectWiFi(); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("[abortInFlightConnection] failed to abort connection to %s: %v", ssid, err)
+	}
+}
+
 func (b *IWDBackend) ForgetWiFiNetwork(ssid string) error {
 	b.stateMutex.RLock()
 	currentSSID := b.state.WiFiSSID
@@ -729,6 +838,10 @@ func (b *IWDBackend) SetWiFiAutoconnect(ssid string, autoconnect bool) error {
 						return fmt.Errorf("failed to set autoconnect: %w", call.Err)
 					}
 
+					if !autoconnect {
+						b.abortInFlightConnection(ssid)
+					}
+
 					b.updateState()
 
 					if b.onStateChange != nil {

core/internal/server/network/backend_networkmanager.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package network
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"maps"
 	"sync"
 
 	"github.com/AvengeMedia/DankMaterialShell/core/internal/log"
@@ -57,6 +58,11 @@ type NetworkManagerBackend struct {
 	wifiDev         any
 	wifiDevices     map[string]*wifiDeviceInfo
 
+	// devMutex guards ethernetDevices/wifiDevices (written by the signal pump,
+	// read by request handlers). Not reentrant — never hold it across calls
+	// into other backend methods.
+	devMutex sync.RWMutex
+
 	dbusConn *dbus.Conn
 	signals  chan *dbus.Signal
 	sigWG    sync.WaitGroup
@@ -185,12 +191,12 @@ func (b *NetworkManagerBackend) Initialize() error {
 			}
 			hwAddr, _ := w.GetPropertyHwAddress()
 
-			b.ethernetDevices[iface] = &ethernetDeviceInfo{
+			b.setEthernetDeviceInfo(iface, &ethernetDeviceInfo{
 				device:    dev,
 				wired:     w,
 				name:      iface,
 				hwAddress: hwAddr,
-			}
+			})
 
 			if b.ethernetDevice == nil {
 				b.ethernetDevice = dev
@@ -214,12 +220,12 @@ func (b *NetworkManagerBackend) Initialize() error {
 			}
 			hwAddr, _ := w.GetPropertyHwAddress()
 
-			b.wifiDevices[iface] = &wifiDeviceInfo{
+			b.setWifiDeviceInfo(iface, &wifiDeviceInfo{
 				device:    dev,
 				wireless:  w,
 				name:      iface,
 				hwAddress: hwAddr,
-			}
+			})
 
 			if b.wifiDevice == nil {
 				b.wifiDevice = dev
@@ -267,6 +273,80 @@ func (b *NetworkManagerBackend) Initialize() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (b *NetworkManagerBackend) ethernetDevicesSnapshot() map[string]*ethernetDeviceInfo {
+	b.devMutex.RLock()
+	defer b.devMutex.RUnlock()
+	out := make(map[string]*ethernetDeviceInfo, len(b.ethernetDevices))
+	maps.Copy(out, b.ethernetDevices)
+	return out
+}
+
+func (b *NetworkManagerBackend) wifiDevicesSnapshot() map[string]*wifiDeviceInfo {
+	b.devMutex.RLock()
+	defer b.devMutex.RUnlock()
+	out := make(map[string]*wifiDeviceInfo, len(b.wifiDevices))
+	maps.Copy(out, b.wifiDevices)
+	return out
+}
+
+func (b *NetworkManagerBackend) ethernetDeviceByIface(iface string) (*ethernetDeviceInfo, bool) {
+	b.devMutex.RLock()
+	defer b.devMutex.RUnlock()
+	info, ok := b.ethernetDevices[iface]
+	return info, ok
+}
+
+func (b *NetworkManagerBackend) wifiDeviceByIface(iface string) (*wifiDeviceInfo, bool) {
+	b.devMutex.RLock()
+	defer b.devMutex.RUnlock()
+	info, ok := b.wifiDevices[iface]
+	return info, ok
+}
+
+func (b *NetworkManagerBackend) setEthernetDeviceInfo(iface string, info *ethernetDeviceInfo) {
+	b.devMutex.Lock()
+	b.ethernetDevices[iface] = info
+	b.devMutex.Unlock()
+}
+
+func (b *NetworkManagerBackend) setWifiDeviceInfo(iface string, info *wifiDeviceInfo) {
+	b.devMutex.Lock()
+	b.wifiDevices[iface] = info
+	b.devMutex.Unlock()
+}
+
+// removeEthernetDeviceByPath deletes the device and returns a snapshot of
+// what's left so the caller can pick a replacement without holding devMutex
+func (b *NetworkManagerBackend) removeEthernetDeviceByPath(path dbus.ObjectPath) (removed *ethernetDeviceInfo, remaining map[string]*ethernetDeviceInfo, found bool) {
+	b.devMutex.Lock()
+	defer b.devMutex.Unlock()
+	for iface, info := range b.ethernetDevices {
+		if info.device.GetPath() != path {
+			continue
+		}
+		delete(b.ethernetDevices, iface)
+		remaining = make(map[string]*ethernetDeviceInfo, len(b.ethernetDevices))
+		maps.Copy(remaining, b.ethernetDevices)
+		return info, remaining, true
+	}
+	return nil, nil, false
+}
+
+func (b *NetworkManagerBackend) removeWifiDeviceByPath(path dbus.ObjectPath) (removed *wifiDeviceInfo, remaining map[string]*wifiDeviceInfo, found bool) {
+	b.devMutex.Lock()
+	defer b.devMutex.Unlock()
+	for iface, info := range b.wifiDevices {
+		if info.device.GetPath() != path {
+			continue
+		}
+		delete(b.wifiDevices, iface)
+		remaining = make(map[string]*wifiDeviceInfo, len(b.wifiDevices))
+		maps.Copy(remaining, b.wifiDevices)
+		return info, remaining, true
+	}
+	return nil, nil, false
+}
+
 func (b *NetworkManagerBackend) Close() {
 	close(b.stopChan)
 	b.StopMonitoring()

core/internal/server/network/backend_networkmanager_ethernet.go

@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ func (b *NetworkManagerBackend) GetEthernetDevices() []EthernetDevice {
 }
 
 func (b *NetworkManagerBackend) DisconnectEthernetDevice(device string) error {
-	info, ok := b.ethernetDevices[device]
+	info, ok := b.ethernetDeviceByIface(device)
 	if !ok {
 		return fmt.Errorf("ethernet device %s not found", device)
 	}
@@ -345,9 +345,10 @@ func (b *NetworkManagerBackend) DisconnectEthernetDevice(device string) error {
 }
 
 func (b *NetworkManagerBackend) updateAllEthernetDevices() {
-	devices := make([]EthernetDevice, 0, len(b.ethernetDevices))
+	ethernetDevices := b.ethernetDevicesSnapshot()
+	devices := make([]EthernetDevice, 0, len(ethernetDevices))
 
-	for name, info := range b.ethernetDevices {
+	for name, info := range ethernetDevices {
 		state, _ := info.device.GetPropertyState()
 		connected := state == gonetworkmanager.NmDeviceStateActivated
 		driver, _ := info.device.GetPropertyDriver()

core/internal/server/network/backend_networkmanager_signals.go

@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ func (b *NetworkManagerBackend) startSignalPump() error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	for _, info := range b.wifiDevices {
+	for _, info := range b.wifiDevicesSnapshot() {
 		if err := conn.AddMatchSignal(
 			dbus.WithMatchObjectPath(dbus.ObjectPath(info.device.GetPath())),
 			dbus.WithMatchInterface(dbusPropsInterface),
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ func (b *NetworkManagerBackend) startSignalPump() error {
 		}
 	}
 
-	for _, info := range b.ethernetDevices {
+	for _, info := range b.ethernetDevicesSnapshot() {
 		if err := conn.AddMatchSignal(
 			dbus.WithMatchObjectPath(dbus.ObjectPath(info.device.GetPath())),
 			dbus.WithMatchInterface(dbusPropsInterface),
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ func (b *NetworkManagerBackend) stopSignalPump() {
 		dbus.WithMatchMember("StateChanged"),
 	)
 
-	for _, info := range b.wifiDevices {
+	for _, info := range b.wifiDevicesSnapshot() {
 		b.dbusConn.RemoveMatchSignal(
 			dbus.WithMatchObjectPath(dbus.ObjectPath(info.device.GetPath())),
 			dbus.WithMatchInterface(dbusPropsInterface),
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ func (b *NetworkManagerBackend) stopSignalPump() {
 		)
 	}
 
-	for _, info := range b.ethernetDevices {
+	for _, info := range b.ethernetDevicesSnapshot() {
 		b.dbusConn.RemoveMatchSignal(
 			dbus.WithMatchObjectPath(dbus.ObjectPath(info.device.GetPath())),
 			dbus.WithMatchInterface(dbusPropsInterface),
@@ -550,12 +550,12 @@ func (b *NetworkManagerBackend) handleDeviceAdded(devicePath dbus.ObjectPath) {
 		}
 		hwAddr, _ := w.GetPropertyHwAddress()
 
-		b.ethernetDevices[iface] = &ethernetDeviceInfo{
+		b.setEthernetDeviceInfo(iface, &ethernetDeviceInfo{
 			device:    dev,
 			wired:     w,
 			name:      iface,
 			hwAddress: hwAddr,
-		}
+		})
 
 		if b.ethernetDevice == nil {
 			b.ethernetDevice = dev
@@ -573,12 +573,12 @@ func (b *NetworkManagerBackend) handleDeviceAdded(devicePath dbus.ObjectPath) {
 		}
 		hwAddr, _ := w.GetPropertyHwAddress()
 
-		b.wifiDevices[iface] = &wifiDeviceInfo{
+		b.setWifiDeviceInfo(iface, &wifiDeviceInfo{
 			device:    dev,
 			wireless:  w,
 			name:      iface,
 			hwAddress: hwAddr,
-		}
+		})
 
 		if b.wifiDevice == nil {
 			b.wifiDevice = dev
@@ -603,16 +603,13 @@ func (b *NetworkManagerBackend) handleDeviceRemoved(devicePath dbus.ObjectPath)
 		)
 	}
 
-	for iface, info := range b.ethernetDevices {
-		if info.device.GetPath() == devicePath {
-			delete(b.ethernetDevices, iface)
-
+	if _, remaining, found := b.removeEthernetDeviceByPath(devicePath); found {
 		if b.ethernetDevice != nil {
 			dev := b.ethernetDevice.(gonetworkmanager.Device)
 			if dev.GetPath() == devicePath {
 				b.ethernetDevice = nil
-					for _, remaining := range b.ethernetDevices {
-						b.ethernetDevice = remaining.device
+				for _, r := range remaining {
+					b.ethernetDevice = r.device
 					break
 				}
 			}
@@ -628,20 +625,16 @@ func (b *NetworkManagerBackend) handleDeviceRemoved(devicePath dbus.ObjectPath)
 		}
 		return
 	}
-	}
-
-	for iface, info := range b.wifiDevices {
-		if info.device.GetPath() == devicePath {
-			delete(b.wifiDevices, iface)
 
+	if _, remaining, found := b.removeWifiDeviceByPath(devicePath); found {
 		if b.wifiDevice != nil {
 			dev := b.wifiDevice.(gonetworkmanager.Device)
 			if dev.GetPath() == devicePath {
 				b.wifiDevice = nil
 				b.wifiDev = nil
-					for _, remaining := range b.wifiDevices {
-						b.wifiDevice = remaining.device
-						b.wifiDev = remaining.wireless
+				for _, r := range remaining {
+					b.wifiDevice = r.device
+					b.wifiDev = r.wireless
 					break
 				}
 			}
@@ -655,5 +648,4 @@ func (b *NetworkManagerBackend) handleDeviceRemoved(devicePath dbus.ObjectPath)
 		}
 		return
 	}
-	}
 }

core/internal/server/network/backend_networkmanager_state.go

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ func (b *NetworkManagerBackend) updateEthernetState() error {
 	var connectedIP string
 	var anyConnected bool
 
-	for name, info := range b.ethernetDevices {
+	for name, info := range b.ethernetDevicesSnapshot() {
 		state, err := info.device.GetPropertyState()
 		if err != nil {
 			continue

core/internal/server/network/backend_networkmanager_wifi.go

@@ -359,6 +359,24 @@ func (b *NetworkManagerBackend) DisconnectWiFi() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (b *NetworkManagerBackend) abortInFlightConnection(ssid string) {
+	b.stateMutex.Lock()
+	if !b.state.IsConnecting || b.state.ConnectingSSID != ssid {
+		b.stateMutex.Unlock()
+		return
+	}
+	b.state.IsConnecting = false
+	b.state.ConnectingSSID = ""
+	b.state.LastError = ""
+	b.stateMutex.Unlock()
+
+	b.clearCachedWiFiSecretBySSID(ssid)
+
+	if err := b.DisconnectWiFi(); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("[abortInFlightConnection] failed to abort connection to %s: %v", ssid, err)
+	}
+}
+
 func (b *NetworkManagerBackend) ForgetWiFiNetwork(ssid string) error {
 	conn, err := b.findConnection(ssid)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -963,6 +981,10 @@ func (b *NetworkManagerBackend) SetWiFiAutoconnect(ssid string, autoconnect bool
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to update connection: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	if !autoconnect {
+		b.abortInFlightConnection(ssid)
+	}
+
 	b.updateWiFiNetworks()
 
 	if b.onStateChange != nil {
@@ -973,7 +995,7 @@ func (b *NetworkManagerBackend) SetWiFiAutoconnect(ssid string, autoconnect bool
 }
 
 func (b *NetworkManagerBackend) ScanWiFiDevice(device string) error {
-	devInfo, ok := b.wifiDevices[device]
+	devInfo, ok := b.wifiDeviceByIface(device)
 	if !ok {
 		return fmt.Errorf("WiFi device not found: %s", device)
 	}
@@ -995,7 +1017,7 @@ func (b *NetworkManagerBackend) ScanWiFiDevice(device string) error {
 }
 
 func (b *NetworkManagerBackend) DisconnectWiFiDevice(device string) error {
-	devInfo, ok := b.wifiDevices[device]
+	devInfo, ok := b.wifiDeviceByIface(device)
 	if !ok {
 		return fmt.Errorf("WiFi device not found: %s", device)
 	}
@@ -1047,7 +1069,7 @@ func (b *NetworkManagerBackend) updateAllWiFiDevices() {
 	wifiConnected := b.state.WiFiConnected
 	b.stateMutex.RUnlock()
 
-	for name, devInfo := range b.wifiDevices {
+	for name, devInfo := range b.wifiDevicesSnapshot() {
 		state, _ := devInfo.device.GetPropertyState()
 		connected := state == gonetworkmanager.NmDeviceStateActivated
 
@@ -1211,7 +1233,7 @@ func (b *NetworkManagerBackend) updateAllWiFiDevices() {
 
 func (b *NetworkManagerBackend) getWifiDeviceForConnection(deviceName string) (*wifiDeviceInfo, error) {
 	if deviceName != "" {
-		devInfo, ok := b.wifiDevices[deviceName]
+		devInfo, ok := b.wifiDeviceByIface(deviceName)
 		if !ok {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("WiFi device not found: %s", deviceName)
 		}
@@ -1224,7 +1246,7 @@ func (b *NetworkManagerBackend) getWifiDeviceForConnection(deviceName string) (*
 
 	dev := b.wifiDevice.(gonetworkmanager.Device)
 	iface, _ := dev.GetPropertyInterface()
-	if devInfo, ok := b.wifiDevices[iface]; ok {
+	if devInfo, ok := b.wifiDeviceByIface(iface); ok {
 		return devInfo, nil
 	}
 

core/internal/server/network/handlers.go

@@ -43,6 +43,8 @@ func HandleRequest(conn net.Conn, req models.Request, manager *Manager) {
 		handleGetNetworkInfo(conn, req, manager)
 	case "network.qrcode":
 		handleGetNetworkQRCode(conn, req, manager)
+	case "network.qrcode-content":
+		handleGetNetworkQRCodeContent(conn, req, manager)
 	case "network.delete-qrcode":
 		handleDeleteQRCode(conn, req, manager)
 	case "network.ethernet.info":
@@ -341,6 +343,22 @@ func handleGetNetworkQRCode(conn net.Conn, req models.Request, manager *Manager)
 	models.Respond(conn, req.ID, content)
 }
 
+func handleGetNetworkQRCodeContent(conn net.Conn, req models.Request, manager *Manager) {
+	ssid, err := params.String(req.Params, "ssid")
+	if err != nil {
+		models.RespondError(conn, req.ID, err.Error())
+		return
+	}
+
+	content, err := manager.GetWiFiQRContent(ssid)
+	if err != nil {
+		models.RespondError(conn, req.ID, err.Error())
+		return
+	}
+
+	models.Respond(conn, req.ID, content)
+}
+
 func handleDeleteQRCode(conn net.Conn, req models.Request, _ *Manager) {
 	path, err := params.String(req.Params, "path")
 	if err != nil {

core/internal/server/network/manager.go

@@ -473,6 +473,10 @@ func (m *Manager) GetNetworkInfoDetailed(ssid string) (*NetworkInfoResponse, err
 	return m.backend.GetWiFiNetworkDetails(ssid)
 }
 
+func (m *Manager) GetWiFiQRContent(ssid string) (string, error) {
+	return m.backend.GetWiFiQRCodeContent(ssid)
+}
+
 func (m *Manager) GetNetworkQRCode(ssid string) ([2]string, error) {
 	content, err := m.backend.GetWiFiQRCodeContent(ssid)
 	if err != nil {

core/internal/server/network/wifi_qrcode.go

@@ -5,12 +5,14 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"regexp"
 	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/AvengeMedia/DankMaterialShell/core/internal/qrcode"
 )
 
 const qrCodeTmpPrefix = "/tmp/dank-wifi-qrcode-"
 
 func FormatWiFiQRString(securityType, ssid, password string) string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("WIFI:T:%s;S:%s;P:%s;;", securityType, ssid, password)
+	return qrcode.WiFiString(securityType, ssid, password, false)
 }
 
 func qrCodePaths(ssid string) (themed, normal string) {

core/internal/server/router.go

@@ -117,11 +117,12 @@ func RouteRequest(conn net.Conn, req models.Request) {
 	}
 
 	if strings.HasPrefix(req.Method, "cups.") {
-		if cupsManager == nil {
+		mgr, err := ensureCupsManager()
+		if err != nil {
 			models.RespondError(conn, req.ID, "CUPS manager not initialized")
 			return
 		}
-		cups.HandleRequest(conn, req, cupsManager)
+		cups.HandleRequest(conn, req, mgr)
 		return
 	}
 

core/internal/server/server.go

@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime/debug"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
-	"sync/atomic"
 	"syscall"
 	"time"
 
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/AvengeMedia/DankMaterialShell/core/pkg/syncmap"
 )
 
-const APIVersion = 27
+const APIVersion = 28
 
 var CLIVersion = "dev"
 
@@ -84,8 +84,8 @@ var geoClientInstance geolocation.Client
 const dbusClientID = "dms-dbus-client"
 
 var capabilitySubscribers syncmap.Map[string, chan ServerInfo]
-var cupsSubscribers syncmap.Map[string, bool]
-var cupsSubscriberCount atomic.Int32
+var cupsMu sync.Mutex
+var cupsSubscriberCount int
 
 func getSocketDir() string {
 	if runtime := os.Getenv("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR"); runtime != "" {
@@ -242,17 +242,55 @@ func InitializeAppPickerManager() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func InitializeCupsManager() error {
+func initializeCupsManagerLocked() (bool, error) {
+	if cupsManager != nil {
+		return false, nil
+	}
 	manager, err := cups.NewManager()
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Warnf("Failed to initialize cups manager: %v", err)
-		return err
+		return false, err
 	}
-
 	cupsManager = manager
-
 	log.Info("CUPS manager initialized")
-	return nil
+	return true, nil
+}
+
+func ensureCupsManager() (*cups.Manager, error) {
+	cupsMu.Lock()
+	created, err := initializeCupsManagerLocked()
+	mgr := cupsManager
+	cupsMu.Unlock()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if created {
+		notifyCapabilityChange()
+	}
+	return mgr, nil
+}
+
+func cupsAvailable() bool {
+	cupsMu.Lock()
+	defer cupsMu.Unlock()
+	return cupsManager != nil
+}
+
+func releaseCupsSubscriber() {
+	cupsMu.Lock()
+	cupsSubscriberCount--
+	var mgr *cups.Manager
+	if cupsSubscriberCount == 0 && cupsManager != nil {
+		mgr = cupsManager
+		cupsManager = nil
+	}
+	cupsMu.Unlock()
+	if mgr == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	log.Info("Last CUPS subscriber disconnected, shutting down CUPS manager")
+	mgr.Close()
+	notifyCapabilityChange()
 }
 
 func InitializeBrightnessManager() error {
@@ -398,6 +436,11 @@ func InitializeSysUpdateManager() error {
 
 func handleConnection(conn net.Conn) {
 	defer conn.Close()
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r != nil {
+			log.Errorf("handleConnection panic recovered: panic=%v\n%s", r, debug.Stack())
+		}
+	}()
 
 	caps := getCapabilities()
 	capsData, _ := json.Marshal(caps)
@@ -415,10 +458,21 @@ func handleConnection(conn net.Conn) {
 			continue
 		}
 
-		go RouteRequest(conn, req)
+		go routeRequestRecovered(conn, req)
 	}
 }
 
+// routeRequestRecovered keeps a panicking handler from taking down the whole daemon
+func routeRequestRecovered(conn net.Conn, req models.Request) {
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r != nil {
+			log.Errorf("RouteRequest panic recovered: method=%s panic=%v\n%s", req.Method, r, debug.Stack())
+			models.RespondError(conn, req.ID, "internal server error")
+		}
+	}()
+	RouteRequest(conn, req)
+}
+
 func getCapabilities() Capabilities {
 	caps := []string{"plugins"}
 
@@ -446,7 +500,7 @@ func getCapabilities() Capabilities {
 		caps = append(caps, "browser")
 	}
 
-	if cupsManager != nil {
+	if cupsAvailable() {
 		caps = append(caps, "cups")
 	}
 
@@ -516,7 +570,7 @@ func getServerInfo() ServerInfo {
 		caps = append(caps, "browser")
 	}
 
-	if cupsManager != nil {
+	if cupsAvailable() {
 		caps = append(caps, "cups")
 	}
 
@@ -581,6 +635,11 @@ func notifyCapabilityChange() {
 func handleSubscribe(conn net.Conn, req models.Request) {
 	clientID := fmt.Sprintf("meta-client-%p", conn)
 
+	dbusClient := dbusClientID
+	if id, ok := models.Get[string](req, "clientId"); ok && id != "" {
+		dbusClient = id
+	}
+
 	var services []string
 	if servicesParam, ok := models.Get[[]any](req, "services"); ok {
 		for _, s := range servicesParam {
@@ -975,38 +1034,31 @@ func handleSubscribe(conn net.Conn, req models.Request) {
 	}
 
 	if shouldSubscribe("cups") {
-		cupsSubscribers.Store(clientID+"-cups", true)
-		count := cupsSubscriberCount.Add(1)
+		cupsMu.Lock()
+		cupsSubscriberCount++
+		created, err := initializeCupsManagerLocked()
+		mgr := cupsManager
+		cupsMu.Unlock()
 
-		if count == 1 {
-			if err := InitializeCupsManager(); err != nil {
+		if err != nil {
 			log.Warnf("Failed to initialize CUPS manager for subscription: %v", err)
-			} else {
+		} else if created {
 			notifyCapabilityChange()
 		}
-		}
 
-		if cupsManager != nil {
+		if mgr == nil {
+			releaseCupsSubscriber()
+		} else {
 			wg.Add(1)
-			cupsChan := cupsManager.Subscribe(clientID + "-cups")
+			cupsChan := mgr.Subscribe(clientID + "-cups")
 			go func() {
 				defer wg.Done()
 				defer func() {
-					cupsManager.Unsubscribe(clientID + "-cups")
-					cupsSubscribers.Delete(clientID + "-cups")
-					count := cupsSubscriberCount.Add(-1)
-
-					if count == 0 {
-						log.Info("Last CUPS subscriber disconnected, shutting down CUPS manager")
-						if cupsManager != nil {
-							cupsManager.Close()
-							cupsManager = nil
-							notifyCapabilityChange()
-						}
-					}
+					mgr.Unsubscribe(clientID + "-cups")
+					releaseCupsSubscriber()
 				}()
 
-				initialState := cupsManager.GetState()
+				initialState := mgr.GetState()
 				select {
 				case eventChan <- ServiceEvent{Service: "cups", Data: initialState}:
 				case <-stopChan:
@@ -1249,10 +1301,10 @@ func handleSubscribe(conn net.Conn, req models.Request) {
 
 	if shouldSubscribe("dbus") && dbusManager != nil {
 		wg.Add(1)
-		dbusChan := dbusManager.SubscribeSignals(dbusClientID)
+		dbusChan := dbusManager.SubscribeSignals(dbusClient)
 		go func() {
 			defer wg.Done()
-			defer dbusManager.UnsubscribeSignals(dbusClientID)
+			defer dbusManager.UnsubscribeSignals(dbusClient)
 
 			for {
 				select {
@@ -1316,9 +1368,12 @@ func cleanupManagers() {
 	if appPickerManager != nil {
 		appPickerManager.Close()
 	}
+	cupsMu.Lock()
 	if cupsManager != nil {
 		cupsManager.Close()
+		cupsManager = nil
 	}
+	cupsMu.Unlock()
 	if brightnessManager != nil {
 		brightnessManager.Close()
 	}
@@ -1676,10 +1731,21 @@ func Start(printDocs bool) error {
 	}()
 
 	go func() {
-		if err := InitializeBluezManager(); err != nil {
-			log.Warnf("Bluez manager unavailable: %v", err)
-		} else {
+		for {
+			err := InitializeBluezManager()
+			if err == nil {
 				notifyCapabilityChange()
+				return
+			}
+			log.Warnf("Bluez manager unavailable: %v", err)
+			if !errors.Is(err, bluez.ErrNoAdapter) {
+				return
+			}
+			if err := bluez.WaitForAdapter(); err != nil {
+				log.Warnf("Bluetooth adapter watch failed: %v", err)
+				return
+			}
+			log.Info("Bluetooth adapter appeared, initializing bluez manager")
 		}
 	}()
 

core/internal/server/sysupdate/backend_apt.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package sysupdate
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"fmt"
 	"os/exec"
 	"regexp"
 	"strings"
@@ -31,7 +32,36 @@ func (aptBackend) CheckUpdates(ctx context.Context) ([]Package, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	return parseAptUpgradable(string(out)), nil
+	return filterAptHeld(parseAptUpgradable(string(out)), aptHeldPackages(ctx)), nil
+}
+
+// aptHeldPackages returns held packages, which apt-get upgrade never applies.
+func aptHeldPackages(ctx context.Context) map[string]bool {
+	out, err := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "apt-mark", "showhold").Output()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	held := make(map[string]bool)
+	for line := range strings.SplitSeq(string(out), "\n") {
+		if name := strings.TrimSpace(line); name != "" {
+			held[name] = true
+		}
+	}
+	return held
+}
+
+func filterAptHeld(pkgs []Package, held map[string]bool) []Package {
+	if len(held) == 0 {
+		return pkgs
+	}
+	out := pkgs[:0]
+	for _, p := range pkgs {
+		if held[p.Name] {
+			continue
+		}
+		out = append(out, p)
+	}
+	return out
 }
 
 func (aptBackend) Upgrade(ctx context.Context, opts UpgradeOptions, onLine func(string)) error {
@@ -52,7 +82,22 @@ func (aptBackend) Upgrade(ctx context.Context, opts UpgradeOptions, onLine func(
 }
 
 func aptUpgradeArgv(bin string, opts UpgradeOptions) []string {
+	ignored := shellSafeNames(opts.Ignored)
+	if len(ignored) == 0 {
 		return privilegedArgv(opts, "env", "DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive", "LC_ALL=C", bin, "upgrade", "-y")
+	}
+	return privilegedArgv(opts, "env", "DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive", "LC_ALL=C", "sh", "-c", aptHoldScript(bin, ignored))
+}
+
+// aptHoldScript holds ignored packages only for the upgrade, leaving pre-existing user holds untouched.
+func aptHoldScript(bin string, ignored []string) string {
+	names := strings.Join(ignored, " ")
+	return fmt.Sprintf(
+		`new=""; for p in %s; do apt-mark showhold | grep -qx "$p" || new="$new $p"; done; `+
+			`[ -n "$new" ] && apt-mark hold $new; `+
+			`%s upgrade -y; rc=$?; `+
+			`[ -n "$new" ] && apt-mark unhold $new; exit $rc`,
+		names, bin)
 }
 
 func parseAptUpgradable(text string) []Package {

core/internal/server/sysupdate/backend_apt_test.go

@@ -70,3 +70,22 @@ libsdl2-2.0-0/stable 2.30.0+dfsg-1 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.28.5+dfsg-1]`,
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestFilterAptHeld(t *testing.T) {
+	pkgs := []Package{
+		{Name: "bash", Repo: RepoSystem, Backend: "apt"},
+		{Name: "linux-image-generic", Repo: RepoSystem, Backend: "apt"},
+		{Name: "zsh", Repo: RepoSystem, Backend: "apt"},
+	}
+
+	got := filterAptHeld(append([]Package(nil), pkgs...), map[string]bool{"linux-image-generic": true})
+	want := []Package{pkgs[0], pkgs[2]}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, want) {
+		t.Errorf("filterAptHeld() = %#v\nwant %#v", got, want)
+	}
+
+	unfiltered := filterAptHeld(append([]Package(nil), pkgs...), nil)
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(unfiltered, pkgs) {
+		t.Errorf("filterAptHeld(nil held) = %#v\nwant %#v", unfiltered, pkgs)
+	}
+}

core/internal/server/sysupdate/backend_dnf.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package sysupdate
 import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"os/exec"
 	"strings"
 )
@@ -52,7 +53,11 @@ func (b dnfBackend) Upgrade(ctx context.Context, opts UpgradeOptions, onLine fun
 }
 
 func dnfUpgradeArgv(bin string, opts UpgradeOptions) []string {
-	return privilegedArgv(opts, bin, "upgrade", "--refresh", "-y")
+	argv := []string{bin, "upgrade", "--refresh", "-y"}
+	if len(opts.Ignored) > 0 {
+		argv = append(argv, "--exclude="+strings.Join(opts.Ignored, ","))
+	}
+	return privilegedArgv(opts, argv...)
 }
 
 func dnfListUpgrades(ctx context.Context, bin string) (string, error) {
@@ -65,9 +70,22 @@ func dnfListUpgrades(ctx context.Context, bin string) (string, error) {
 	if exitErr, ok := errors.AsType[*exec.ExitError](err); ok && exitErr.ExitCode() == 100 {
 		return string(out), nil
 	}
+	if detail := lastNonEmptyLine(string(out)); detail != "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", err, detail)
+	}
 	return "", err
 }
 
+func lastNonEmptyLine(text string) string {
+	lines := strings.Split(text, "\n")
+	for i := len(lines) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+		if line := strings.TrimSpace(lines[i]); line != "" {
+			return line
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
 func dnfCheckUpdatesArgv(bin string) []string {
 	subcommand := "check-update"
 	if bin == "dnf5" {

core/internal/server/sysupdate/backend_flatpak.go

@@ -95,11 +95,21 @@ func (flatpakBackend) Upgrade(ctx context.Context, opts UpgradeOptions, onLine f
 	if !BackendHasTargets(flatpakBackend{}, opts.Targets, opts.IncludeAUR, opts.IncludeFlatpak) {
 		return nil
 	}
-	return Run(ctx, flatpakUpgradeArgv(), RunOptions{OnLine: onLine})
+	return Run(ctx, flatpakUpgradeArgv(opts), RunOptions{OnLine: onLine})
 }
 
-func flatpakUpgradeArgv() []string {
-	return []string{"flatpak", "update", "-y", "--noninteractive"}
+func flatpakUpgradeArgv(opts UpgradeOptions) []string {
+	argv := []string{"flatpak", "update", "-y", "--noninteractive"}
+	if len(opts.Ignored) == 0 {
+		return argv
+	}
+	// No exclude flag; update the already-filtered refs explicitly.
+	for _, p := range opts.Targets {
+		if p.Repo == RepoFlatpak && p.Ref != "" {
+			argv = append(argv, p.Ref)
+		}
+	}
+	return argv
 }
 
 func parseFlatpakUpdateOutput(text string, installed map[string]flatpakInstalledEntry) []Package {

core/internal/server/sysupdate/backend_pacman.go

@@ -53,6 +53,41 @@ func pacmanUpgradeArgv(opts UpgradeOptions) []string {
 	return privilegedArgv(opts, "pacman", "-Syu", "--noconfirm", "--needed")
 }
 
+// Dont allow partial updates on arch, if they wanna break their system they can do it outside of DMS:
+// https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/System_maintenance#Partial_upgrades_are_unsupported
+// AUR packages are exempt — holding those cannot break the repo dependency graph.
+func dropPacmanRepoIgnores(ignored []string, pending []Package) []string {
+	if len(ignored) == 0 {
+		return ignored
+	}
+	repoPending := make(map[string]bool, len(pending))
+	for _, p := range pending {
+		if p.Repo == RepoSystem {
+			repoPending[p.Name] = true
+		}
+	}
+	out := make([]string, 0, len(ignored))
+	for _, name := range ignored {
+		if repoPending[name] {
+			continue
+		}
+		out = append(out, name)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func isPacmanFamily(b Backend) bool {
+	if b == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	switch b.ID() {
+	case "pacman", "paru", "yay":
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
 type archHelperBackend struct {
 	id string
 }
@@ -99,23 +134,27 @@ func (b archHelperBackend) Upgrade(ctx context.Context, opts UpgradeOptions, onL
 		return nil
 	}
 	if os.Getenv("DMS_FORCE_PKEXEC") == "1" {
-		argv := append([]string{"pkexec"}, archHelperUpgradeArgv(b.id, opts.IncludeAUR)...)
+		argv := append([]string{"pkexec"}, archHelperUpgradeArgv(b.id, opts.IncludeAUR, opts.Ignored)...)
 		return Run(ctx, argv, RunOptions{OnLine: onLine, AttachStdio: opts.AttachStdio})
 	}
 	term := findTerminal(opts.Terminal)
 	if term == "" {
 		return fmt.Errorf("no terminal found (pick one in DMS settings, set $TERMINAL, or install kitty/ghostty/foot/alacritty)")
 	}
-	cmd := strings.Join(archHelperUpgradeArgv(b.id, opts.IncludeAUR), " ")
+	cmd := strings.Join(archHelperUpgradeArgv(b.id, opts.IncludeAUR, opts.Ignored), " ")
 	title := fmt.Sprintf("DMS — System Update (%s)", b.id)
-	return Run(ctx, wrapInTerminal(term, title, cmd), RunOptions{OnLine: onLine})
+	return Run(ctx, wrapInTerminal(term, title, cmd, opts.TerminalArgs), RunOptions{OnLine: onLine})
 }
 
-func archHelperUpgradeArgv(id string, includeAUR bool) []string {
+func archHelperUpgradeArgv(id string, includeAUR bool, ignored []string) []string {
 	argv := []string{id, "-Syu", "--noconfirm", "--needed"}
 	if !includeAUR {
 		argv = append(argv, "--repo")
 	}
+	ignored = shellSafeNames(ignored)
+	if len(ignored) > 0 {
+		argv = append(argv, "--ignore", strings.Join(ignored, ","))
+	}
 	return argv
 }
 
@@ -248,6 +287,10 @@ func parseArchUpdates(text, backendID string, repo RepoKind) []Package {
 		if line == "" {
 			continue
 		}
+		// pacman -Qu / paru -Qua flag IgnorePkg entries with a trailing marker
+		if strings.HasSuffix(line, "[ignored]") {
+			continue
+		}
 		m := archUpdateLine.FindStringSubmatch(line)
 		if m == nil {
 			continue

core/internal/server/sysupdate/backend_pacman_test.go

@@ -92,6 +92,17 @@ foo`,
 				{Name: "bat", Repo: RepoSystem, Backend: "pacman", FromVersion: "0.26.0-1", ToVersion: "0.26.1-2"},
 			},
 		},
+		{
+			name: "skips IgnorePkg entries",
+			input: `bat 0.26.0-1 -> 0.26.1-2
+linux 6.18.0-1 -> 6.18.1-1 [ignored]
+discord 0.0.108-1 -> 0.0.109-1 [ignored]`,
+			backendID: "pacman",
+			repo:      RepoSystem,
+			want: []Package{
+				{Name: "bat", Repo: RepoSystem, Backend: "pacman", FromVersion: "0.26.0-1", ToVersion: "0.26.1-2"},
+			},
+		},
 		{
 			name:      "extra whitespace tolerated",
 			input:     "  bat   0.26.0-1   ->   0.26.1-2  ",

core/internal/server/sysupdate/backend_zypper.go

@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/xml"
 	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"os/exec"
+	"strings"
 )
 
 func init() {
@@ -81,5 +83,20 @@ func (zypperBackend) Upgrade(ctx context.Context, opts UpgradeOptions, onLine fu
 }
 
 func zypperUpgradeArgv(opts UpgradeOptions) []string {
+	ignored := shellSafeNames(opts.Ignored)
+	if len(ignored) == 0 {
 		return privilegedArgv(opts, "zypper", "--non-interactive", "update")
+	}
+	return privilegedArgv(opts, "sh", "-c", zypperLockScript(ignored))
+}
+
+// zypperLockScript locks ignored packages only for the update, leaving pre-existing user locks untouched.
+func zypperLockScript(ignored []string) string {
+	names := strings.Join(ignored, " ")
+	return fmt.Sprintf(
+		`new=""; for p in %s; do grep -qsE "^solvable_name:[[:space:]]*$p$" /etc/zypp/locks || new="$new $p"; done; `+
+			`[ -n "$new" ] && zypper --non-interactive al $new; `+
+			`zypper --non-interactive update; rc=$?; `+
+			`[ -n "$new" ] && zypper --non-interactive rl $new; exit $rc`,
+		names)
 }

core/internal/server/sysupdate/executor.go

@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ func findTerminal(override string) string {
 	return ""
 }
 
-func wrapInTerminal(term, title, shellCmd string) []string {
+func wrapInTerminal(term, title, shellCmd string, extraArgs []string) []string {
 	const appID = "com.danklinux.dms"
 	banner := fmt.Sprintf(
 		`printf '\033[1;36m=== %s ===\033[0m\n'; printf '\033[2m$ %s\033[0m\n'; printf '\033[33mYou may be prompted for your sudo password to apply system updates.\033[0m\n\n'`,
@@ -129,24 +129,26 @@ func wrapInTerminal(term, title, shellCmd string) []string {
 	export := `export SUDO_PROMPT="[DMS] sudo password for %u: "; `
 	full := export + banner + "; " + shellCmd + "; " + closer
 
+	var argv []string
+	execFlag := "-e"
 	switch term {
-	case "kitty":
-		return []string{term, "--class", appID, "-T", title, "-e", "sh", "-c", full}
-	case "alacritty":
-		return []string{term, "--class", appID, "-T", title, "-e", "sh", "-c", full}
+	case "kitty", "alacritty", "wezterm":
+		argv = []string{term, "--class", appID, "-T", title}
 	case "foot":
-		return []string{term, "--app-id=" + appID, "--title=" + title, "-e", "sh", "-c", full}
+		argv = []string{term, "--app-id=" + appID, "--title=" + title}
 	case "ghostty":
-		return []string{term, "--class=" + appID, "--title=" + title, "-e", "sh", "-c", full}
-	case "wezterm":
-		return []string{term, "--class", appID, "-T", title, "-e", "sh", "-c", full}
+		argv = []string{term, "--class=" + appID, "--title=" + title}
 	case "xterm":
-		return []string{term, "-class", appID, "-T", title, "-e", "sh", "-c", full}
+		argv = []string{term, "-class", appID, "-T", title}
 	case "konsole":
-		return []string{term, "-p", "tabtitle=" + title, "-e", "sh", "-c", full}
+		argv = []string{term, "-p", "tabtitle=" + title}
 	case "gnome-terminal":
-		return []string{term, "--title=" + title, "--", "sh", "-c", full}
+		// --wait: the factory process otherwise returns immediately
+		argv = []string{term, "--wait", "--title=" + title}
+		execFlag = "--"
 	default:
-		return []string{term, "-e", "sh", "-c", full}
+		argv = []string{term}
 	}
+	argv = append(argv, extraArgs...)
+	return append(argv, execFlag, "sh", "-c", full)
 }